Unrecognized risks of nickel-related respiratory cancer among Canadian electrolysis workers

Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health

Volumn 38, Issue 6, 2012, Pages 503-515

  Grimsrud, Tom K ^a   Andersen, Aage ^a  

^a Cancer Registry of Norway ^*  (Norway)

Author keywords

Canada; Carcinogen; Copper; Epidemiology; Exposure; Lung cancer; Mortality; Nasal cancer; Norway; Refinery; Review; Sinonasal cancer

Indexed keywords

NICKEL;

CANCER; CARCINOGEN; COPPER; ELECTROKINESIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; HEALTH AND SAFETY; HEALTH RISK; LITERATURE REVIEW; MORTALITY; NICKEL; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; REFINING INDUSTRY; RESPIRATORY DISEASE; RISK FACTOR; WORKING CONDITIONS;

CANADA; CANCER MORTALITY; CANCER RISK; CARCINOGENICITY; ELECTROLYSIS; FOLLOW UP; FURNACE; HUMAN; LUNG CANCER; NOSE CANCER; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; OCCUPATIONAL HAZARD; PENSION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW;

CANADA; CARCINOGENS; COHORT STUDIES; ELECTROLYSIS; HUMANS; LUNG NEOPLASMS; NICKEL; RISK FACTORS;

CANADA; NORWAY; ONTARIO [CANADA]; PORT COLBORNE;

EID: 84868559814     PISSN: 03553140     EISSN: 1795990X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.3274     Document Type: Review

References (50)

1. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Chromium, nickel and welding. Lyon: IARC; 1990. IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans, vol 49:257-445. http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Monographs/vol49/index.php
2. Parliamentary intelligence, House of Commons: Cancer among Welsh nickel workers. Lancet. 1932;219:375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(00)91005-5.
3. Bridge JC. Annual report of the chief inspector of factories and workshops for the year 1932. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office; 1933.
4. Bridge JC. Annual report of the chief inspector of factories and workshops for the year 1934. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office; 1935.
5. Barnett GP. Annual report of the chief inspector of factories for the year 1948. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office; 1949.
6. Morgan JG. Some observations on the incidence of respiratory cancer in nickel workers. Br J Ind Med. 1958;15:224-34.
7. Doll R. Cancer of the lung and nose in nickel workers. Br J Ind Med. 1958;15:217-23.
8. Sutherland RB. Respiratory cancer mortality in workers employed in an Ontario nickel refinery 1930-1957. Toronto: Ontario Department of Health, 1959. p154.
9. Mastromatteo E. Nickel: A review of its occupational health aspects. J Occup Med. 1967;9:127-36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00043764-196703000-00010.
10. Doll R, Morgan LG, Speizer FE. Cancer of the lung and nasal sinuses in nickel workers. Br J Cancer. 1970;24:623-32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/bjc.1970.76.
11. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Some inorganic and organometallic compounds. Lyon: IARC; 1973. IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans, vol 2:126--9.
12. Pedersen E, Høgetveit AC, Andersen A. Cancer of respiratory organs among workers at a nickel refinery in Norway. Int J Cancer. 1973;12:32-41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.2910120104.
13. Doll R, Andersen A, Cooper WC, Cosmatos I, Cragle DL, Easton D et al. Report of the International Committee on Nickel Carcinogenesis in Man. Scand J Work Environ Health. 1990 Feb;16(1 Spec No):1-82.
14. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). A Review of Human Carcinogens. Part C: Arsenic, Metals, Fibres, and Dusts. Lyon: IARC; 2012. IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans, vol 100C:169-218.
15. Nickel and its inorganic compounds (including nickel carbonyl). Unpublished supplementary report submitted to the US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) by International Nickel Co Ltd. International Nickel (U.S.) Inc. 1976 Oct. p126. [Available from: US NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH.]
16. Sivulka, DJ. Comments of The Nickel Producers Environmental Research Association (NiPERA), Inc. on the US OSHA's proposed Air Contaminant Rule. OSHA docket H-020, Exhibit 3-668, OSHA-H020-2006-0928-1902. [Hearing document from NiPERA]. 1988 Jul 22. p45. [Available from: http://www.regulations.gov/#!documentDetail;D=OSHA-H020-2006-0928-1902.]
17. Oller AR, Costa M, Oberdorster G. Carcinogenicity assessment of selected nickel compounds. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1997;143:152-66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/taap.1996.8075.
18. Nickel Institute. Safe Use of Nickel in the Workplace, a guide for health maintenance of workers exposed to nickel, its compounds and alloys. Toronto: Nickel Institute, 2008. p124. [Available from: http://www.nickelinstitute.org/en/~/media/Files/NIPERA/Health%20Guide%20Third%20Edition%20June%202008.ashx]
19. Goodman JE, Prueitt RL, Dodge DG, Thakali S. Carcinogenicity assessment of water-soluble nickel compounds. Crit Rev Toxicol. 2009;39:365-417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408440902762777.
20. Easton DF, Peto J, Morgan LG, Metcalfe LP, Usher V, Doll R. Respiratory cancer mortality in Welsh nickel refiners: Which nickel compounds are responsible? In: Nieboer E, Nrigau JO, editors. Nickel and Human Health: Current Perspectives. Advances in Environmental Sciences and Technology. New York: John Wiley & Sons; 1992. p603-19.
21. Andersen A, Berge SR, Engeland A, Norseth T. Exposure to nickel compounds and smoking in relation to incidence of lung and nasal cancer among nickel refinery workers. Occup Environ Med. 1996;53:708-13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.53.10.708
22. Anttila A, Pukkala E, Aitio A, Rantanen T, Karjalainen S. Update of cancer incidence among workers at a copper/nickel smelter and nickel refinery. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1998;71:245-50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004200050276.
23. Grimsrud TK, Berge SR, Haldorsen T, Andersen A. Exposure to different forms of nickel and risk of lung cancer. Am J Epidemiol. 2002;156:1123-32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwf165.
24. Grimsrud TK, Berge SR, Martinsen JI, Andersen A. Lung cancer incidence among Norwegian nickel-refinery workers 1953-2000. J Environ Monit. 2003;5:190-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b211722n.
25. Grimsrud TK, Berge SR, Haldorsen T, Andersen A. Can lung cancer risk among nickel refinery workers be explained by occupational exposures other than nickel? Epidemiology. 2005;16:146-54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ede.0000152902.48916.d7.
26. Grimsrud TK, Berge SR, Resmann F, Norseth T, Andersen A. Assessment of historical exposures in a nickel refinery in Norway. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2000;26:338-45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.551.
27. Kiilunen M, Utela J, Rantanen T, Norppa H, Tossavainen A, Koponen M et al. Exposure to soluble nickel in electrolytic nickel refining. Ann Occup Hyg. 1997;41:167-88.
28. Roberts RS, Julian JA, Muir DC, Shannon HS. Cancer mortality associated with the high-temperature oxidation of nickel subsulfide. In: Sunderman FWjr, Aitio A, Berlin A, Bishop C, Buringh E, Davis W et al, editors. Nickel in the human environment. Proceedings of a joint symposium held at IARC, Lyon, France, 8-11 March 1983. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 1984. IARC Sci Publ No: 53. p23-35.
29. Roberts RS, Julian JA, Muir DC, Shannon HS. A study of mortality in workers engaged in the mining, smelting, and refining of nickel. II: Mortality from cancer of the respiratory tract and kidney. Toxicol Ind Health. 1989;5:975-93.
30. Haber LT, Erdreicht L, Diamond GL, Maier AM, Ratney R, Zhao Q et al. Hazard identification and dose response of inhaled nickel-soluble salts. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2000;31:210-30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/rtph.2000.1377
31. Oller AR. Respiratory carcinogenicity assessment of soluble nickel compounds. Environ Health Perspect. 2002;110 Suppl 5:841-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.02110s5841
32. Ontario Department of Health, Environmental Health Services Branch. Morbidity and mortality in selected occupations at the International Nickel Company of Canada, Limited; Copper Cliff, Ontario; 1950-1967. Toronto: Ontario Department of Health, 1971. p124.
33. Warner JS. Occupational exposure to airborne nickel in producing and using primary nickel products. In: Sunderman FW, Jr., Aitio A, Berlin A, Bishop C, Buringh E, Davis W et al, editors. Nickel in the human environment. Proceedings of a joint symposium held at IARC, Lyon, France, 8-11 March 1983. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 1984. IARC scientific publications no 53:419-37.
34. Verma DK, Julian JA, Roberts RS, Muir DC, Jadon N, Shaw DS. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): a possible cause of lung cancer mortality among nickel/copper smelter and refinery workers. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1992;53:317-24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15298669291359717.
35. Inco Staff. Operations and plants of Inco; Chapter VIII; Nickel refining. Canadian Mining Journal. 1946;67:457-62.
36. Peek RL. Refining nickel-copper matte at Port Colborne. Engineering and Mining Journal. 1930;130:482-8.
37. Archibald FR. The Kristiansand nickel refinery. J Met [New York]. 1962;14:648-52.
38. Gmelin L. Nickel, Teil A I, System-Nummer 57 [Nickel, Part A I, System number 57]. In: Gmelins Handbuch der anorganischen Chemie [Gmelin's handbook of inorganic chemistry]. Weinheim: Verlag Chemie; 1967. p427-641.
39. Walter HW. Nickel, its history, refining, and uses. Canadian Chemistry. 1931;15:185-94.
40. Gmelin L. Kupfer, Teil A, System-Nummer 60 [Copper, Part A, System number 60]. In: Gmelins Handbuch der anorganischen Chemie [Gmelin's handbook of inorganic chemistry]. Weinheim: Verlag Chemie; 1955. p 2-1465.
41. Newton J, Wilson CL. Electrolytic Refining. In: Metallurgy of Copper. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 1942. p. 250-302.
42. Benard F. Electrolytic Copper Refinery of Ontario Refining Company, Limited, at Copper Cliff, Ontario. Trans Am Inst Min Met Eng. 1933;106:369-97.
43. Roberts RS, Julian JA, Jadon N, Muir DCF. Cancer mortality in Ontario nickel workers: 1950-1984. In: Nieboer E, Nriagu JO, editors. Nickel and human health, current perspectives. New York: John Wiley & Sons; 1992. p. 629-48.
44. US National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Criteria for a recommended standard: Occupational exposure to inorganic nickel. Washington DC: US Government Printing Office, 1977. NIOSH Criteria Documents DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No.: 77-164. 282 p. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/77-164.html.
45. US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Health Assessment Document for Nickel and Nickel Compounds. Final Report. Washington DC: U.S. EPA, Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, 1986. 472 p. Report No.: EPA/600/8-83/012FF. Available from: http://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi?Dockey=30001ACC.txt.
46. Hayes RB. The carcinogenicity of metals in humans. Cancer Causes Control. 1997;8:371-85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018457305212.
47. Dr. Ernest Mastromatteo on NIOSH recommendations: Inco's vast experience assists in developing nickel criteria document [Interview]. The (INCO) Triangle. 1977 Jul;37(7):3-5. [Printed by Ontario Division of Inco Metals Company, Copper Cliff, Ontario]. [Available from: http://www.sudburymuseums.ca/triangle/data/INCOTriangle-19770701.pdf.]
48. Roberts RS, Julian JA, Sweezey D, Muir DC, Shannon HS, Mastromatteo E. A study of mortality in workers engaged in the mining, smelting, and refining of nickel. I: Methodology and mortality by major cause groups. Toxicol Ind Health. 1989;5:957-74.
49. Chovil A, Sutherland RB, Halliday M. Respiratory cancer in a cohort of nickel sinter plant workers. Br J Ind Med. 1981;38:327-33.
50. Enterline PE, Marsh GM. Mortality among workers in a nickel refinery and alloy manufacturing plant in West Virginia. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1982;68:925-33.