Investigation of thermal degradation characteristics of polyamide-6 containing melamine or melamine cyanurate via direct pyrolysis mass spectrometry

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

Volumn 98, Issue , 2012, Pages 221-230

  Isbasar, Ceyda ^a   Hacaloglu, Jale ^a  

^a MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY   (Turkey)

Author keywords

Direct pyrolysis mass spectrometry; Melamine; Melamine cyanurate; Polyamide 6

Indexed keywords

FLAME RETARDANTS; MELAMINE; PYROLYSIS; THERMODYNAMIC STABILITY;

AMINE GROUPS; CARBONYL GROUPS; DEGRADATION CHARACTERISTICS; DIRECT PYROLYSIS MASS SPECTROMETRIES; INTERMOLECULAR INTERACTIONS; MELAMINE CYANURATE; POLYAMIDE 6; PRODUCT DISTRIBUTIONS;

MASS SPECTROMETRY;

EID: 84868365891     PISSN: 01652370     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaap.2012.09.002     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. U. Bahr, I. Luderwald, R. Muller, and H.R. Schulten Pyrolysis field desorption mass spectrometry of polymers. III. Aliphatic polyamides Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 120 1984 163 175
2. A. Ballistreri, D. Garozzo, M. Giufrida, G. Impallomenti, and G. Montaudo Primary thermal-decomposition processes in aliphatic polyamides Polymer Degradation and Stability 23 1988 25
3. G. Montaudo Mass spectrometral determination of cyclic oligomer distributions in polymerization and degradation reactions Macromolecules 24 1991 5829 5833
4. S.V. Levchik, E.D. Weil, and M. Lewin Thermal decomposition of aliphatic nylons Polymer International 48 1999 532 557
5. M. Herrera, M. Wilhelm, G. Matuschek, and A. Kettrup Thermoanalytical and pyrolysis studies of nitrogen containing polymers Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 58 2001 173 188
6. M. Herrera, G. Matuscheki, and A. Kettrup Main products and kinetics of the thermal degradation of polyamides Chemosphere 42 2001 601 607
7. S.V. Levchik, and E.D. Weil Combustion and fire retardancy of aliphatic nylons Polymer International 49 2000 1033 1073
8. M.S. Subbulakshmi, N. Kasturiya, P. Bajaj, and A.K. Agarwal Production of flame-retardant nylon 6 and 6.6 Reviews of Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 40 2000 85 105
9. Y. Nagasawa, M. Yamamoto, and K. Ozawa Study of fire-retardant polymers using temperature jump Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Thermochimica Acta 267 1995 223 230
10. E.D. Weil, and S.V. Levchik Current practice and recent commercial developments in flame retardancy of polyamides Journal of Fire Sciences 22 2004 251 263
11. S.Y. Lu, and I. Hamerton Recent developments in the chemistry of halogen-free flame retardant polymers Progress in Polymer Science 27 2002 1661 1712
12. S.V. Levchik, L. Costa, and G. Camino Effect of the fire-retardant, ammonium phosphate on thermal decomposition of aliphatic polyamides. 2. Polyamide-6 Polymer Degradation and Stability 36 1992 229 237
13. Q. Li, B. Li, S. Zhang, and M. Lin Investigation on effects of aluminum and magnesium hypophosphites on flame retardancy and thermal degradation of polyamide 6 Journal of Applied Polymer Science 125 2012 1782 1789
14. N.A. Isitman, H.O. Gunduz, and C. Kaynak Nanoclay synergy in flame retarded/glass fibre reinforced polyamide 6 Polymer Degradation and Stability 24 2009 2241 2250
15. A.I. Balabanovich, G.F. Levchik, S.V. Levchik, and W. Schnabel Fire retardance in polyamide-6. The effects of red phosphorus and radiation-induced cross-links Fire and Materials 25 2001 179 184
16. P.R. Hornsby, J. Wang, R. Rothon, G. Jackson, G. Wilkinson, and K. Cossick Thermal decomposition behavior of polyamide fire-retardant compositions containing magnesium hydroxide filler Polymer Degradation and Stability 51 1996 235 249
17. J. Zhang, M. Lewin, E. Pearce, M. Zammarano, and J.W. Gilman Flame retarding polyamide 6 with melamine cyanurate and layered silicates Polymers for Advanced Technologies 19 2008 928 936
18. A.R. Horrocks, G. Smart, B. Kandola, and D. Price Zinc stannate interactions with flame retardants in polyamides. Part 2. Potential synergies with non-halogen-containing flame retardants in polyamide 6 (PA6) Polymer Degradation and Stability 97 2012 645 652
19. Y. Chen, and Q. Wang Preparation, properties and characterizations of halogen-free nitrogen-phosphorous flame-retarded glass fiber reinforced polyamide 6 composite Polymer Degradation and Stability 91 2006 2003 2013
20. C. Shimasaki, N. Watanabe, K. Fukushima, S. Rengakuji, Y. Nakamura, S. Ono, T. Yoshimura, H. Morita, M. Takakura, and A. Shiroishi Effect of the fire-retardant, melamine, on the combustion and the thermal decomposition of polyamide-6, polypropylene and low-density polyethylene Polymer Degradation and Stability 58 1997 171 180
21. M. Dogan, and E. Bayramli Effect of boron-containing materials on the flammability and thermal degradation of polyamide 6 composites containing melamine Journal of Applied Polymer Science 118 2010 2722 2727
22. Z.Y. Wu, W. Xu, Y.C. Liu, J.K. Xia, Q.X. Wu, and W.J. Xu Preparation and characterization of flame-retardant melamine cyanurate/polyamide 6 nanocomposites by in situ polymerization Journal of Applied Polymer Science 113 2009 2109 2116
23. M. Dogan, A. Yilmaz, and E. Bayramli Effect of boron containing materials on flammability and thermal degradation of polyamide-6 composites containing melamine cyanurate Polymers for Advanced Technologies 22 2011 560 566
24. Y. Chen, Q. Wang, W. Yan, and H. Tang Preparation of flame retardant polyamide 6 composite with melamine cyanurate nanoparticles in situ formed in extrusion process Polymer Degradation and Stability 91 2006 2632 2643
25. P. Gijsman, R. Steenbakkers, C. Furst, and J. Kersjes Differences in the flame retardant mechanism of melamine cyanurate in polyamide 6 and polyamide 66 Polymer Degradation and Stability 78 2002 219 224
26. Y. Liu, Q. Wang, and Y. Chen Solid state shear compounding to prepare flame retarded polyamide 6/melamine cyanurate Plastics Rubber and Composites 33 2004 212 216
27. Y. Nagasawa, M. Hotta, and K. Ozawa Fast thermolysis/FT-IR studies of fire retardant melamine-cyanurate and melamine cyanurate containing polymer Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 33 1995 253 267
28. J. Hacaloglu Direct insertion probe mass spectrometry (DIP-MS) of polymers Advances in Polymer Science 248 2012 69 104
29. T. Orhan, N.A. Isitman, C. Kaynak, and J. Hacaloglu Thermal degradation mechanisms of aluminium phosphinate, melamine polyphosphate and zinc borate in poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymer Degradation and Stability 96 2011 1780 1787
30. T. Orhan, N.A. Isitman, C. Kaynak, and J. Hacaloglu Thermal degradation of organophosphorus flame-retardant poly(methyl methacrylate) nanocomposites containing nanoclay and carbon nanotubes Polymer Degradation and Stability 97 2012 273 280