Identification and characterization of the functional toxboxes in the Vibrio cholerae cholera toxin promoter

Journal of Bacteriology

Volumn 194, Issue 19, 2012, Pages 5255-5263

  Dittmer, Jennifer B ^a   Withey, Jeffrey H ^a  

^a WAYNE STATE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BETA GALACTOSIDASE; CHOLERA TOXIN; PHENANTHROLINE; TOXT PROTEIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ARTICLE; BACTERIAL GENETICS; BACTERIAL VIRULENCE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DNA BINDING; DNA FOOTPRINTING; DNA SEQUENCE; GEL MOBILITY SHIFT ASSAY; GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION; MUTAGENESIS; NONHUMAN; POINT MUTATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROMOTER REGION; PROTEIN DNA INTERACTION; VIBRIO CHOLERAE;

BACTERIAL PROTEINS; BASE SEQUENCE; CHOLERA TOXIN; CHROMOSOME MAPPING; DNA FOOTPRINTING; DNA, BACTERIAL; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, BACTERIAL; MUTATION; ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUNDS; PHENANTHROLINES; PROMOTER REGIONS, GENETIC; PROTEIN BINDING; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; VIBRIO CHOLERAE;

BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); VIBRIO CHOLERAE;

EID: 84868312953     PISSN: 00219193     EISSN: 10985530     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/JB.00952-12     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Abuaita BH, Withey JH. 2009. Bicarbonate induces Vibrio cholerae virulence gene expression by enhancing ToxT activity. Infect. Immun. 77: 4111-4120.
2. Bellair M, Withey JH. 2008. Flexibility of Vibrio cholerae ToxT in transcription activation of genes having altered promoter spacing. J. Bacteriol. 190:7925-7931.
3. Busby S, Ebright RH. 1994. Promoter structure, promoter recognition, and transcription activation in prokaryotes. Cell 79:743-746.
4. Champion GA, Neely MN, Brennan MA, DiRita VJ. 1997. A branch in the ToxR regulatory cascade of Vibrio cholerae revealed by characterization of toxT mutant strains. Mol. Microbiol. 23:323-331.
5. Chatterjee A, Dutta PK, Chowdhury R. 2007. Effect of fatty acids and cholesterol present in bile on expression of virulence factors and motility of Vibrio cholerae. Infect. Immun. 75:1946 -1953.
6. Childers BM, et al. 2007. Identification of residues critical for the function of the Vibrio cholerae virulence regulator ToxT by scanning alanine mutagenesis. J. Mol. Biol. 367:1413-1430.
7. Chinnapen DJ, Chinnapen H, Saslowsky D, Lencer WI. 2007. Rafting with cholera toxin: endocytosis and trafficking from plasma membrane to ER. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 266:129 -137.
8. Crooks GE, Hon G, Chandonia JM, Brenner SE. 2004. WebLogo: a sequence logo generator. Genome Res. 14:1188 -1190.
9. DiRita VJ, Parsot C, Jander G, Mekalanos JJ. 1991. Regulatory cascade controls virulence in Vibrio cholerae. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 88: 5403-5407.
10. Dorman CJ. 2004. H-NS: a universal regulator for a dynamic genome. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 2:391- 400.
11. Dziejman M, et al. 2002. Comparative genomic analysis of Vibrio cholerae: genes that correlate with cholera endemic and pandemic disease. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 99:1556 -1561.
12. Faruque SM, Albert MJ, Mekalanos JJ. 1998. Epidemiology, genetics, and ecology of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 62: 1301-1314.
13. Gallegos MT, Schleif R, Bairoch A, Hofmann K, Ramos JL. 1997. Arac/XylS family of transcriptional regulators. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 61:393- 410.
14. Gill DM. 1976. The arrangement of subunits in cholera toxin. Biochemistry 15:1242-1248.
15. Gupta S, Chowdhury R. 1997. Bile affects production of virulence factors and motility of Vibrio cholerae. Infect. Immun. 65:1131-1134.
16. Hase CC, Mekalanos JJ. 1998. TcpP protein is a positive regulator of virulence gene expression in Vibrio cholerae. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 95:730 -734.
17. Higgins DE, DiRita VJ. 1994. Transcriptional control of toxT, a regulatory gene in the ToxR regulon of Vibrio cholerae. Mol. Microbiol. 14:17-29.
18. Higgins DE, Nazareno E, DiRita VJ. 1992. The virulence gene activator ToxT from Vibrio cholerae is a member of the AraC family of transcriptional activators. J. Bacteriol. 174:6974-6980.
19. Hulbert RR, Taylor RK. 2002. Mechanism of ToxT-dependent transcriptional activation at the Vibrio cholerae tcpA promoter. J. Bacteriol. 184: 5533-5544.
20. Hung DT, Mekalanos JJ. 2005. Bile acids induce cholera toxin expression in Vibrio cholerae in a ToxT-independent manner. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 102:3028 -3033.
21. Krukonis ES, DiRita VJ. 2003. DNA binding and ToxR responsiveness by the wing domain of TcpP, an activator of virulence gene expression in Vibrio cholerae. Mol. Cell 12:157-165.
22. Krukonis ES, Yu RR, DiRita VJ. 2000. The Vibrio cholerae ToxR/TcpP/ ToxT virulence cascade: distinct roles for two membrane-localized transcriptional activators on a single promoter. Mol. Microbiol. 38:67- 84.
23. Lencer WI, Saslowsky D. 2005. Raft trafficking of AB5 subunit bacterial toxins. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1746:314 -321.
24. Li CC, Crawford JA, DiRita VJ, Kaper JB. 2000. Molecular cloning and transcriptional regulation of ompT, a ToxR-repressed gene in Vibrio cholerae. Mol. Microbiol. 35:189 -203.
25. Linn T, St Pierre R. 1990. Improved vector system for constructing transcriptional fusions that ensures independent translation of lacZ. J. Bacteriol. 172:1077-1084.
26. Lowden MJ, et al. 2010. Structure of Vibrio cholerae ToxT reveals a mechanism for fatty acid regulation of virulence genes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 107:2860 -2865.
27. Matson JS, Withey JH, DiRita VJ. 2007. Regulatory networks controlling Vibrio cholerae virulence gene expression. Infect. Immun. 75:5542-5549.
28. Mekalanos JJ, et al. 1983. Cholera toxin genes: nucleotide sequence, deletion analysis and vaccine development. Nature 306:551-557.
29. Miller JH. 1972. Experiments in molecular genetics. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY.
30. Miller VL, Mekalanos JJ. 1985. Genetic analysis of the cholera toxinpositive regulatory gene toxR. J. Bacteriol. 163:580 -585.
31. Navarre WW, et al. 2006. Selective silencing of foreign DNA with low GC content by the H-NS protein in Salmonella. Science 313:236 -238.
32. Peterson KM, Mekalanos JJ. 1988. Characterization of the Vibrio cholerae ToxR regulon: identification of novel genes involved in intestinal colonization. Infect. Immun. 56:2822-2829.
33. Prouty MG, Osorio CR, Klose KE. 2005. Characterization of functional domains of the Vibrio cholerae virulence regulator ToxT. Mol. Microbiol. 58:1143-1156.
34. Reidl J, Klose KE. 2002. Vibrio cholerae and cholera: out of the water and into the host. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 26:125-139.
35. Sack DA, Sack RB, Nair GB, Siddique AK. 2004. Cholera. Lancet 363: 223-233.
36. Schneider TD, Stephens RM. 1990. Sequence logos: a new way to display consensus sequences. Nucleic Acids Res. 18:6097- 6100.
37. Shakhnovich EA, Hung DT, Pierson E, Lee K, Mekalanos JJ. 2007. Virstatin inhibits dimerization of the transcriptional activator ToxT. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 104:2372-2377.
38. Spangler BD. 1992. Structure and function of cholera toxin and the related Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin. Microbiol. Rev. 56:622- 647.
39. Stonehouse EA, Hulbert RR, Nye MB, Skorupski K, Taylor RK. 2011. H-NS binding and repression of the ctx promoter in Vibrio cholerae. J. Bacteriol. 193:979 -988.
40. Tobes R, Ramos JL. 2002. AraC-XylS database: a family of positive transcriptional regulators in bacteria. Nucleic Acids Res. 30:318 -321.
41. Waldor MK, Mekalanos JJ. 1996. Lysogenic conversion by a filamentous phage encoding cholera toxin. Science 272:1910 -1914.
42. Withey JH, DiRita VJ. 2005. Activation of both acfA and acfD transcription by Vibrio cholerae ToxT requires binding to two centrally located DNA sites in an inverted repeat conformation. Mol. Microbiol. 56:1062- 1077.
43. Withey JH, DiRita VJ. 2006. The toxbox: specific DNA sequence requirements for activation of Vibrio cholerae virulence genes by ToxT. Mol. Microbiol. 59:1779 -1789.
44. Withey JH, DiRita VJ. 2005. Vibrio cholerae ToxT independently activates the divergently transcribed aldA and tagA genes. J. Bacteriol. 187: 7890-7900.
45. Yu RR, DiRita VJ. 2002. Regulation of gene expression in Vibrio cholerae by ToxT involves both antirepression and RNA polymerase stimulation. Mol. Microbiol. 43:119 -134.