메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 87, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 461-496

Revision of the early Middle Pleistocene bears (Ursidae, Mammalia) of Central Europe, with special respect to possible co-occurrence of spelaeoid and arctoid lineages

Author keywords

Early Toringian; Late Biharian; Middle Pleistocene; U. arctos; Ursus deningeri

Indexed keywords

BEAR; MORPHOLOGY; MORPHOMETRY; PLEISTOCENE; SPECIES OCCURRENCE; TAXONOMY;

EID: 84868307926     PISSN: 12141119     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3140/bull.geosci.1354     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (38)

References (115)
  • 2
    • 0002846177 scopus 로고
    • Note on a bear
    • (Ursus savini, n. sp.) DOI 10.1080/00222932208632660
    • Andrews, C.W. 1922. Note on a bear (Ursus savini, n. sp.). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 9 9, 204-207. DOI 10.1080/00222932208632660
    • (1922) Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 9 , vol.9 , pp. 204-207
    • Andrews, C.W.1
  • 5
    • 77049119218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biochronologie et grands mammifères au Pléistocène moyen et supérieur en Europe Occidentale: L'apport des Canidés, des Ursidés et des Carnivores en général
    • Argant, A. 2009. Biochronologie et grands mammifères au Pléistocène moyen et supérieur en Europe Occidentale: l'apport des Canidés, des Ursidés et des Carnivores en général. Quaternaire 20, 467-480.
    • (2009) Quaternaire , vol.20 , pp. 467-480
    • Argant, A.1
  • 7
    • 0021090046 scopus 로고
    • Quaternary mammals and the "End-Villafranchian" dispersal event-a turning point in the history of Eurasia
    • DOI 10.1016/0031-0182(83)90008-1
    • Azzaroli, A. 1983. Quaternary mammals and the "End-Villafranchian" dispersal event-a turning point in the history of Eurasia. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 44, 117-139. DOI 10.1016/0031-0182(83)90008-1
    • (1983) Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology , vol.44 , pp. 117-139
    • Azzaroli, A.1
  • 8
    • 0002834639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cave bear from the Paleolithic of the Greater Caucasus
    • Baryshnikov, G. 1998. Cave bear from the Paleolithic of the Greater Caucasus. Illinois State Museum Scientific Papers 27, 69-118.
    • (1998) Illinois State Museum Scientific Papers , vol.27 , pp. 69-118
    • Baryshnikov, G.1
  • 11
    • 84858040909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Middle Pleistocene Ursus thibetanus (Mammalia, Carnivora) from Kudaro caves in the Caucasus
    • Baryshnikov, G.F. 2010. Middle Pleistocene Ursus thibetanus (Mammalia, Carnivora) from Kudaro caves in the Caucasus. Proceedings of the Zoological Institute of RAS 314, 67-79.
    • (2010) Proceedings of the Zoological Institute of RAS , vol.314 , pp. 67-79
    • Baryshnikov, G.F.1
  • 12
    • 0034765939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pleistocene small cave bear (Ursus rossicus) from the South Siberia, Russia
    • Baryshnikov, G. & Foronova, I. 2001. Pleistocene small cave bear (Ursus rossicus) from the South Siberia, Russia. Cadernos Laboratorio Xeolóxico de Laxe 26, 373-398.
    • (2001) Cadernos Laboratorio Xeolóxico de Laxe , vol.26 , pp. 373-398
    • Baryshnikov, G.1    Foronova, I.2
  • 14
    • 0344272206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual dimorphism and morphometric variability of cheek teeth of the cave bear (Ursus spelaeus)
    • Baryshnikov, G., Germonpré, M. & Sablin, M. 2003. Sexual dimorphism and morphometric variability of cheek teeth of the cave bear (Ursus spelaeus). Belgian Journal of Zoology 133(2), 111-119.
    • (2003) Belgian Journal of Zoology , vol.133 , Issue.2 , pp. 111-119
    • Baryshnikov, G.1    Germonpré, M.2    Sablin, M.3
  • 15
    • 0001828984 scopus 로고
    • The Mammal Fauna of the Early Middle Pleistocene Cavern Infill Site of Westbury-Sub-Mendip, Somerset
    • Bishop, M.J. 1982. The Mammal Fauna of the Early Middle Pleistocene Cavern Infill Site of Westbury-Sub-Mendip, Somerset. Special Papers in Paleontology 28, 1-108.
    • (1982) Special Papers in Paleontology , vol.28 , pp. 1-108
    • Bishop, M.J.1
  • 16
    • 0007148266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of small Middle Pleistocene bears from France
    • Crégut-Bonnoure, E. 1996. A review of small Middle Pleistocene bears from France. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 39, 89-101.
    • (1996) Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia , vol.39 , pp. 89-101
    • Crégut-Bonnoure, E.1
  • 19
    • 84868321870 scopus 로고
    • První dva nálezy primáta rodu Macaca Lacépéde, 1799 na území ČSR
    • Fejfar, O. 1956. První dva nálezy primáta rodu Macaca Lacépéde, 1799 na území ČSR. Věstník Ústředního ústavu geologického 31, 243-245.
    • (1956) Věstník Ústředního ústavu geologického , vol.31 , pp. 243-245
    • Fejfar, O.1
  • 20
    • 33846667922 scopus 로고
    • Výzkum fosilních obratlovců ČSSR v roce 1963
    • Fejfar, O. 1964. Výzkum fosilních obratlovců ČSSR v roce 1963. Zprávy o geologických výzkumech 1963, 350-352.
    • (1964) Zprávy o geologických výzkumech , vol.1963 , pp. 350-352
    • Fejfar, O.1
  • 21
    • 0006564816 scopus 로고
    • Die Nager aus den Kiesen von Süßenborn bei Weimar
    • Fejfar, O. 1969. Die Nager aus den Kiesen von Süßenborn bei Weimar. Paläontologische Abhandlungen, Abteilung A 3(3-4), 761-770.
    • (1969) Paläontologische Abhandlungen, Abteilung A , vol.3 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 761-770
    • Fejfar, O.1
  • 22
    • 0002757902 scopus 로고
    • Die Fauna aus den limnischen Ablagerungen von Přezletice bei Prag und ihre biochronologische Aussage
    • Fejfar, O. 1993. Die Fauna aus den limnischen Ablagerungen von Přezletice bei Prag und ihre biochronologische Aussage. Jahrbuch des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums Mainz 40, 103-113.
    • (1993) Jahrbuch des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums Mainz , vol.40 , pp. 103-113
    • Fejfar, O.1
  • 23
    • 0002781068 scopus 로고
    • Arvicoliden-Sukzession und Biostratigraphie des Oberpliozäns und Quartärs in Europa
    • Fejfar, O. & Heinrich, W.-D. 1983. Arvicoliden-Sukzession und Biostratigraphie des Oberpliozäns und Quartärs in Europa. Schriftenreihe für Geologische Wissenschaften 19/20, 61-109.
    • (1983) Schriftenreihe für Geologische Wissenschaften , vol.19 , Issue.20 , pp. 61-109
    • Fejfar, O.1    Heinrich, W.-D.2
  • 24
    • 0002736306 scopus 로고
    • Proposed biochronical division of the European continental Neogene and Quaternary based on Muroid rodents (Rodentia, Mammalia)
    • In Fejfar, O, & Heinrich, W.-D. (eds), Geological Survey, Prague
    • Fejfar, O. & Heinrich, W.-D. 1990. Proposed biochronical division of the European continental Neogene and Quaternary based on Muroid rodents (Rodentia, Mammalia), 115-124. In Fejfar, O, & Heinrich, W.-D. (eds) International Symposium Evolution, Phylogeny and Biostratigraphy of Arvicolidae (Rodentia, Mammalia). Geological Survey, Prague.
    • (1990) International Symposium Evolution, Phylogeny and Biostratigraphy of Arvicolidae (Rodentia, Mammalia) , pp. 115-124
    • Fejfar, O.1    Heinrich, W.-D.2
  • 26
    • 33846650770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shrnutí současného stavu poznání stáří sedimentární výplně středního patra Koněpruských jeskyní na základě studia fosilních savců
    • In Ivanov, M. & Ábelová, M. (eds), Masaryk University, Brno
    • Fejfar, O., Horáček, I., Čermák, S. & Wagner, J. 2004. Shrnutí současného stavu poznání stáří sedimentární výplně středního patra Koněpruských jeskyní na základě studia fosilních savců. In Ivanov, M. & Ábelová, M. (eds) Sborník příspěvků 10. kvartér 2004. Masaryk University, Brno.
    • (2004) Sborník příspěvků 10. kvartér 2004
    • Fejfar, O.1    Horáček, I.2    Čermák, S.3    Wagner, J.4
  • 27
    • 0041888427 scopus 로고
    • Die Säugetiere des älteren Quartärs von Mitteleuropa mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Fauna von Hundsheim und Deutschaltenburg in Niederösterreich nebst Bemerkungen über verwandte Forman anderer Fundorte
    • Freudenberg, W. 1914. Die Säugetiere des älteren Quartärs von Mitteleuropa mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Fauna von Hundsheim und Deutschaltenburg in Niederösterreich nebst Bemerkungen über verwandte Forman anderer Fundorte. Geologische und Paläontologische Abhandlungen, Neue Folge 12(4/5), 455-671.
    • (1914) Geologische und Paläontologische Abhandlungen, Neue Folge , vol.12 , Issue.4-5 , pp. 455-671
    • Freudenberg, W.1
  • 29
    • 84868308880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New results in the remains of Ursidae from Untermaßfeld: Comparision with Ursus dolinensis from Atapuerca and other Early and Middle Pleistocene sites
    • García, N.G. 2004. New results in the remains of Ursidae from Untermaßfeld: comparision with Ursus dolinensis from Atapuerca and other Early and Middle Pleistocene sites. Terra Nostra, Schriften der Alfred-Wegener-Stiftung 2004, 112-113.
    • (2004) Terra Nostra, Schriften der Alfred-Wegener-Stiftung , vol.2004 , pp. 112-113
    • García, N.G.1
  • 31
    • 48849091630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global chronostratigraphical correlation table for the last 2.7 million years
    • Gibbard, P. &Cohen, K.M. 2008. Global chronostratigraphical correlation table for the last 2.7 million years. Episode 31, 243-247.
    • (2008) Episode , vol.31 , pp. 243-247
    • Gibbard, P.1    Cohen, K.M.2
  • 32
    • 69249222798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Definition of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch
    • Gibbard, P. & Head, M.J. 2009a. The Definition of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch. Quaternaire 20, 125-133.
    • (2009) Quaternaire , vol.20 , pp. 125-133
    • Gibbard, P.1    Head, M.J.2
  • 33
    • 77049083405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IUGS ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 MA
    • Gibbard, P. & Head, M.J. 2009b. IUGS ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 MA. Quaternaire 20, 411-412.
    • (2009) Quaternaire , vol.20 , pp. 411-412
    • Gibbard, P.1    Head, M.J.2
  • 35
    • 20444460128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A study of the evolution of the Pleistocene cave bear by morphometric analysis of the lower carnassial
    • Grandal-d'Anglade, A. & López-González, F. 2004. A study of the evolution of the Pleistocene cave bear by morphometric analysis of the lower carnassial. Oryctos 5, 83-94.
    • (2004) Oryctos , vol.5 , pp. 83-94
    • Grandal-d'Anglade, A.1    López-González, F.2
  • 37
    • 33846852262 scopus 로고
    • Review of fossil arvicolids (Mammalia, Rodentia) from the Pliocene and Quaternary in the German Democratic Republic
    • In Fejfar, O. & Heinrich, W.-D. (eds), Geological Survey, Prague
    • Heinrich, W.-D. 1990. Review of fossil arvicolids (Mammalia, Rodentia) from the Pliocene and Quaternary in the German Democratic Republic, 183-200. In Fejfar, O. & Heinrich, W.-D. (eds) International Symposium Evolution, Phylogeny and Biostratigraphy of Arvicolidae (Rodentia, Mammalia). Geological Survey, Prague.
    • (1990) International Symposium Evolution, Phylogeny and Biostratigraphy of Arvicolidae (Rodentia, Mammalia) , pp. 183-200
    • Heinrich, W.-D.1
  • 40
    • 70349227197 scopus 로고
    • Ein kleiner Bär (Ursus sackdillingensis n. sp.) in der cromerischen Fauna der Sackdillinger-Höhle (Oberpfalz)
    • Heller, F. 1956. Ein kleiner Bär (Ursus sackdillingensis n. sp.) in der cromerischen Fauna der Sackdillinger-Höhle (Oberpfalz). Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Monatshefte 1955, 520-530.
    • (1956) Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Monatshefte , vol.1955 , pp. 520-530
    • Heller, F.1
  • 42
    • 33846660832 scopus 로고
    • Výplně 4. sluje na Chlumu u Srbska a jejich význam pro kvartérní stratigrafii (předběžné sdělení)
    • Horáček, I. 1979. Výplně 4. sluje na Chlumu u Srbska a jejich význam pro kvartérní stratigrafii (předběžné sdělení). Český kras 4, 19-34.
    • (1979) Český kras , vol.4 , pp. 19-34
    • Horáček, I.1
  • 43
    • 84858067615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Jak se zviřátka rozkmotřila a co z toho pošlo
    • In Pokorný, P. &Bárta, M. (eds), Dokořán, Praha
    • Horáček, I. 2008. Jak se zviřátka rozkmotřila a co z toho pošlo, 63-76. In Pokorný, P. &Bárta, M. (eds) Něco překrásného se končí-Kolapsy v přírodě a společnosti. Dokořán, Praha.
    • (2008) Něco překrásného se končí-Kolapsy v přírodě a společnosti , pp. 63-76
    • Horáček, I.1
  • 45
    • 84868336467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Middle Pleistocene revolution and the Central European vertebrate and molluscs fossil record
    • Horáček, I., Ložek, V. & Fejfar, O. 2004. The Middle Pleistocene revolution and the Central European vertebrate and molluscs fossil record. Terra Nostra, Schriften der Alfred-Wegener-Stiftung 2004, 119-121.
    • (2004) Terra Nostra, Schriften der Alfred-Wegener-Stiftung , vol.2004 , pp. 119-121
    • Horáček, I.1    Ložek, V.2    Fejfar, O.3
  • 47
    • 77949766690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Untermassfeld. A late Early Pleistocene (Epivillafranchian) fossil site near Meiningen (Thuringia, Germany) and its position in the development of the European mammal fauna
    • Kahlke, R.-D. 2006. Untermassfeld. A late Early Pleistocene (Epivillafranchian) fossil site near Meiningen (Thuringia, Germany) and its position in the development of the European mammal fauna. BAR International series 1578, 1-143.
    • (2006) BAR International series , vol.1578 , pp. 1-143
    • Kahlke, R.-D.1
  • 48
    • 77049120532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Les communautés de grands mammifères du Pléistocène inférieur terminal et le concept d'un biochrone épivillafranchien
    • Kahlke, R.-D. 2009. Les communautés de grands mammifères du Pléistocène inférieur terminal et le concept d'un biochrone épivillafranchien. Quaternaire 20(4), 415-427.
    • (2009) Quaternaire , vol.20 , Issue.4 , pp. 415-427
    • Kahlke, R.-D.1
  • 49
    • 61649125191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First DNA sequences from Asian cave bear fossils reveal deep divergences and complex phylogeographic patterns
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04088.x
    • Knapp, M., Rohland, N., Weinstock, J., Baryshnikov, G., Sher, A., Nagel, D., Rabeder, G., Pinhasi, R., Schmidt, H.A. & Hofreiter, M. 2009. First DNA sequences from Asian cave bear fossils reveal deep divergences and complex phylogeographic patterns. Molecular Ecology 18, 1225-1238. DOI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04088.x
    • (2009) Molecular Ecology , vol.18 , pp. 1225-1238
    • Knapp, M.1    Rohland, N.2    Weinstock, J.3    Baryshnikov, G.4    Sher, A.5    Nagel, D.6    Rabeder, G.7    Pinhasi, R.8    Schmidt, H.A.9    Hofreiter, M.10
  • 50
    • 84868306882 scopus 로고
    • Note sur la main de l'Ursidé de Süssenborn
    • Koby, F.-E. 1953. Note sur la main de l'Ursidé de Süssenborn. Eclogae geologicae Helvetiae 45(2), 333-335.
    • (1953) Eclogae geologicae Helvetiae , vol.45 , Issue.2 , pp. 333-335
    • Koby, F.-E.1
  • 54
    • 79956730362 scopus 로고
    • Contribution to the history of a mutation during 1,000,000 years
    • DOI 10.2307/2405583
    • Kurtén, B. 1955a. Contribution to the history of a mutation during 1,000,000 years. Evolution 9, 107-118. DOI 10.2307/2405583
    • (1955) Evolution , vol.9 , pp. 107-118
    • Kurtén, B.1
  • 55
    • 0009709387 scopus 로고
    • Sex dimorphism and size trends in the Cave Bear, Ursus spelaeus Rosenmüller and Heinroth
    • Kurtén, B. 1955b. Sex dimorphism and size trends in the Cave Bear, Ursus spelaeus Rosenmüller and Heinroth. Acta Zoologica Fennica 90, 1-48.
    • (1955) Acta Zoologica Fennica , vol.90 , pp. 1-48
    • Kurtén, B.1
  • 56
    • 0005423324 scopus 로고
    • The bears and Hyenas of the Interglacials
    • Kurtén, B. 1958. The bears and Hyenas of the Interglacials. Quaternaria 4, 69-81.
    • (1958) Quaternaria , vol.4 , pp. 69-81
    • Kurtén, B.1
  • 57
    • 0002837986 scopus 로고
    • On the Bears of the Holsteinian Interglacial
    • Kurtén, B. 1959. On the Bears of the Holsteinian Interglacial. Stockholm Contributions in Geology 2, 73-102.
    • (1959) Stockholm Contributions in Geology , vol.2 , pp. 73-102
    • Kurtén, B.1
  • 59
    • 0007971493 scopus 로고
    • Die Carnivoren-Reste aus dem Kiesen von Süßenborn bei Weimar
    • Kurtén, B. 1969. Die Carnivoren-Reste aus dem Kiesen von Süßenborn bei Weimar. Paläontologische Abhandlungen, Abteilung A 3, 735-756.
    • (1969) Paläontologische Abhandlungen, Abteilung A , vol.3 , pp. 735-756
    • Kurtén, B.1
  • 60
    • 73649092713 scopus 로고
    • Fossile Reste von Hyänen und Bären (Carnivora) aus dem Travertinen von Weimar-Ehringsdorf
    • Kurtén, B. 1975. Fossile Reste von Hyänen und Bären (Carnivora) aus dem Travertinen von Weimar-Ehringsdorf. Abhandlungen des Zentralen Geologischen Institutes 23, 465-484.
    • (1975) Abhandlungen des Zentralen Geologischen Institutes , vol.23 , pp. 465-484
    • Kurtén, B.1
  • 62
    • 78249237527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The larger Carnivora of the West Runton Freshwater Bed
    • DOI 10.1016/j.quaint.2010.06.022
    • Lewis, M., Pacher, M. & Turner, A. 2010. The larger Carnivora of the West Runton Freshwater Bed. Quaternary International 228, 116-135. DOI 10.1016/j.quaint.2010.06.022
    • (2010) Quaternary International , vol.228 , pp. 116-135
    • Lewis, M.1    Pacher, M.2    Turner, A.3
  • 63
    • 0002963829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The stratigraphical interpretation of large mammal remains from the Cromer Forest-bed Formation
    • In Turner, C. (ed.), A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, Brookfield
    • Lister, A.M. 1996. The stratigraphical interpretation of large mammal remains from the Cromer Forest-bed Formation, 25-44. In Turner, C. (ed.) The Early Middle Pleistocene in Europe. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, Brookfield.
    • (1996) The Early Middle Pleistocene in Europe , pp. 25-44
    • Lister, A.M.1
  • 64
    • 0035128450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ancient DNA analysis reveals divergence of the cave bear, Ursus spelaeus, and brown bear, Ursus arctos lineage
    • DOI 10.1016/S0960-9822(01)00046-X
    • Loreille, O., Orlando, L., Patou-Mathis, M., Philippe, M., Taberlet, P. & Hänni, C. 2001. Ancient DNA analysis reveals divergence of the cave bear, Ursus spelaeus, and brown bear, Ursus arctos, lineage. Current Biology 11(3), 200-203. DOI 10.1016/S0960-9822(01)00046-X
    • (2001) Current Biology , vol.11 , Issue.3 , pp. 200-203
    • Loreille, O.1    Orlando, L.2    Patou-Mathis, M.3    Philippe, M.4    Taberlet, P.5    Hänni, C.6
  • 65
    • 70549111108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carnivora from the late Early Pleistocene of Cal Guardiola (Terrassa, Vallès-Penedès Basin, Catalonia, Spain)
    • DOI 10.1666/09-054.1
    • Madurell-Malapeira, J., Alba, D.M. & MoyÀ-SolÀ, S. 2009. Carnivora from the late Early Pleistocene of Cal Guardiola (Terrassa, Vallès-Penedès Basin, Catalonia, Spain). Journal of Paleontology 83, 969-974. DOI 10.1666/09-054.1
    • (2009) Journal of Paleontology , vol.83 , pp. 969-974
    • Madurell-Malapeira, J.1    Alba, D.M.2    Moyà-Solà, S.3
  • 67
    • 78249263019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Micromammals from the 1995 Mammoth Excavation at West Runton, Norfolk, UK: Morphometric data, biostratigraphy and taxonomic reappraisal
    • DOI 10.1016/j.quaint.2009.01.005
    • Maul, L.C. & Parffit, S.A. 2010. Micromammals from the 1995 Mammoth Excavation at West Runton, Norfolk, UK: Morphometric data, biostratigraphy and taxonomic reappraisal. Quaternary International 228, 91-115. DOI 10.1016/j.quaint.2009.01.005
    • (2010) Quaternary International , vol.228 , pp. 91-115
    • Maul, L.C.1    Parffit, S.A.2
  • 68
    • 38349105596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comment on the correlation between magnetostratigraphy and the evolution of Microtus (Arvicolidae, Rodentia, Mammalia) during the Early and early Middle Pleistocene
    • Maul, L.C., Heinrich, W.-D., Parffit, S.A. & Paunescu, A.-C. 2007. Comment on the correlation between magnetostratigraphy and the evolution of Microtus (Arvicolidae, Rodentia, Mammalia) during the Early and early Middle Pleistocene. Courier Forschungs-Institut Senckenberg 259, 243-263.
    • (2007) Courier Forschungs-Institut Senckenberg , vol.259 , pp. 243-263
    • Maul, L.C.1    Heinrich, W.-D.2    Parffit, S.A.3    Paunescu, A.-C.4
  • 69
    • 0002699160 scopus 로고
    • Morphometric revision of the Eurasian species Ursus etruscus Cuvier
    • Mazza, P. & Rustioni, M. 1992. Morphometric revision of the Eurasian species Ursus etruscus Cuvier. Palaeontographia Italica 79, 101-146.
    • (1992) Palaeontographia Italica , vol.79 , pp. 101-146
    • Mazza, P.1    Rustioni, M.2
  • 72
    • 65949095851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation, sexual dimorphism, and allometry in molar size of the black bear
    • DOI 10.1644/08-MAMM-A-055.1
    • Miller, E.H., Mahoney, S.P., Kennedy, M.L. & Kennedy, P.K. 2009. Variation, sexual dimorphism, and allometry in molar size of the black bear. Journal of Mammalogy 90(2), 491-503. DOI 10.1644/08-MAMM-A-055.1
    • (2009) Journal of Mammalogy , vol.90 , Issue.2 , pp. 491-503
    • Miller, E.H.1    Mahoney, S.P.2    Kennedy, M.L.3    Kennedy, P.K.4
  • 74
    • 0000362180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Mid-Pleistocene climate transition: Onset of 100 ka cycle lags ice volume build-up by 280 ka
    • DOI 10.1016/S0012-821X(97)00114-3
    • Mudelsee, M. & Schulz, M. 1997. The Mid-Pleistocene climate transition: onset of 100 ka cycle lags ice volume build-up by 280 ka. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 151, 215-218. DOI 10.1016/S0012-821X(97)00114-3
    • (1997) Earth and Planetary Science Letters , vol.151 , pp. 215-218
    • Mudelsee, M.1    Schulz, M.2
  • 75
    • 0031407263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exploring the structure of the mid-Pleistocene revolution with advanced methods of time-series analysis
    • DOI 10.1007/s005310050157
    • Mudelsee, M. & Stattegger, K. 1997. Exploring the structure of the mid-Pleistocene revolution with advanced methods of time-series analysis. Geologiche Rundschau 86, 499-511. DOI 10.1007/s005310050157
    • (1997) Geologiche Rundschau , vol.86 , pp. 499-511
    • Mudelsee, M.1    Stattegger, K.2
  • 76
    • 0002757364 scopus 로고
    • Die Braunbären aus dem Ende des letzten Glazials
    • Musil, R. 1964. Die Braunbären aus dem Ende des letzten Glazials. Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae naturales 49, 83-102.
    • (1964) Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae naturales , vol.49 , pp. 83-102
    • Musil, R.1
  • 77
    • 0002788677 scopus 로고
    • Lažánky bei Tišnov-eine neue Fundstätte der Biharfauna
    • Musil, R. 1974. Lažánky bei Tišnov-eine neue Fundstätte der Biharfauna. Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae naturales 59, 87-93.
    • (1974) Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae naturales , vol.59 , pp. 87-93
    • Musil, R.1
  • 80
    • 0022196392 scopus 로고
    • Biharian voles (Arvicolidae, Rodentia, Mammalia) from Kozi Grzbiet (Central Poland)
    • Nadochowski, A. 1985. Biharian voles (Arvicolidae, Rodentia, Mammalia) from Kozi Grzbiet (Central Poland). Acta zoologica cracoviensia 29(2), 13-28.
    • (1985) Acta zoologica cracoviensia , vol.29 , Issue.2 , pp. 13-28
    • Nadochowski, A.1
  • 81
    • 33845463905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Évolution des grands Carnivores au Plio Pléistocène en Afrique et en Europe occidentale
    • DOI 10.1016/j.anthro.2006.10.005
    • Olive, F. 2006. Évolution des grands Carnivores au Plio Pléistocène en Afrique et en Europe occidentale. L'Anthropologie 110, 850-869. DOI 10.1016/j.anthro.2006.10.005
    • (2006) L'Anthropologie , vol.110 , pp. 850-869
    • Olive, F.1
  • 83
    • 41149155474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carnivora dispersal in Western Mediterranean during the last 2.6 Ma
    • DOI 10.1016/j.quaint.2007.08.029
    • Palombo, M.R., Sardella, R. & Novelli, M. 2008. Carnivora dispersal in Western Mediterranean during the last 2.6 Ma. Quaternary International 179, 176-189. DOI 10.1016/j.quaint.2007.08.029
    • (2008) Quaternary International , vol.179 , pp. 176-189
    • Palombo, M.R.1    Sardella, R.2    Novelli, M.3
  • 84
    • 0006462182 scopus 로고
    • On the Carnivora from Locality 1 of Choukutien
    • Pei, W.C. 1934. On the Carnivora from Locality 1 of Choukutien. Palaeontologia Sinica C 8, 1-217.
    • (1934) Palaeontologia Sinica C , vol.8 , pp. 1-217
    • Pei, W.C.1
  • 86
    • 0002270302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Cromer Forest-bed Formation: New thoughts on an old problem
    • In Lewis, S.G., Whitemann, C.A. & Preece, R.C. (eds), Quaternary Research Association, London
    • Preece, R.C. & Parfitt, S.A. 2000. The Cromer Forest-bed Formation: new thoughts on an old problem, 1-27. In Lewis, S.G., Whitemann, C.A. & Preece, R.C. (eds) The Quaternary of Norfolk and Suffolk. Field Guide. Quaternary Research Association, London.
    • (2000) The Quaternary of Norfolk and Suffolk. Field Guide , pp. 1-27
    • Preece, R.C.1    Parfitt, S.A.2
  • 87
    • 34548806309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quaternary environmental changes and evolution of large mammals in North China
    • Qiu, Z.X. 2006. Quaternary environmental changes and evolution of large mammals in North China. Vertebrata Palasiatica 44(2), 109-132.
    • (2006) Vertebrata Palasiatica , vol.44 , Issue.2 , pp. 109-132
    • Qiu, Z.X.1
  • 88
    • 84858056680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First ursine bear material from Dongxiang, Gansu-Addition to the Longdan Mammalian Fauna (2)
    • Qiu, Z.X., Deng, T. &Wang, B.Y. 2009. First ursine bear material from Dongxiang, Gansu-Addition to the Longdan Mammalian Fauna (2). Vertebrata Palasiatica 47(4), 245-264.
    • (2009) Vertebrata Palasiatica , vol.47 , Issue.4 , pp. 245-264
    • Qiu, Z.X.1    Deng, T.2    Wang, B.Y.3
  • 89
    • 0001981909 scopus 로고
    • Neues von Höhlenbären. Zur Morphogenetik der Backenzähne
    • Rabeder, G. 1983. Neues von Höhlenbären. Zur Morphogenetik der Backenzähne. Die Höhle 34(2), 67-85.
    • (1983) Die Höhle , vol.34 , Issue.2 , pp. 67-85
    • Rabeder, G.1
  • 93
    • 70349736520 scopus 로고
    • Über eine neue fossile Bären-Art Ursus deningeri mihi aus den fluviatilen Sanden von Mosbach
    • Reichenau, W. von 1904. Über eine neue fossile Bären-Art Ursus deningeri mihi aus den fluviatilen Sanden von Mosbach. Jahrbücher des Nassauischen Vereins für Naturkunde 57, 1-11.
    • (1904) Jahrbücher des Nassauischen Vereins für Naturkunde , vol.57 , pp. 1-11
    • von Reichenau, W.1
  • 96
    • 59349088907 scopus 로고
    • Beiträge zur Kenntnis der altdiluvialen Fauna von Mauer a.d. Elsenz und Eberbach am Neckar
    • Rüger, L. 1928. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der altdiluvialen Fauna von Mauer a.d. Elsenz und Eberbach am Neckar. Geologische und Paläontologische Abhandlungen 16(2), 197-232.
    • (1928) Geologische und Paläontologische Abhandlungen , vol.16 , Issue.2 , pp. 197-232
    • Rüger, L.1
  • 101
    • 0031404631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Middle Pleistocene (Early Toringian) carnivore remains from northern Israel
    • DOI 10.1006/qres.1997.1901
    • Tchernov, E. &Tsoukala, E. 1997. Middle Pleistocene (Early Toringian) carnivore remains from northern Israel. Quaternary Research 48, 122-136. DOI 10.1006/qres.1997.1901
    • (1997) Quaternary Research , vol.48 , pp. 122-136
    • Tchernov, E.1    Tsoukala, E.2
  • 102
    • 84858057993 scopus 로고
    • Über einen Kleinbären aus dem Pleistozän von Slowenien, nebst Bemerkungen zur Phylogenese der plio-pleistozänen Kleinbären
    • Thenius, E. 1958. Über einen Kleinbären aus dem Pleistozän von Slowenien, nebst Bemerkungen zur Phylogenese der plio-pleistozänen Kleinbären. Rozprave SAZU, Razred za prirodoslovne in medicinske vede 4, 631-646.
    • (1958) Rozprave SAZU, Razred za prirodoslovne in medicinske vede , vol.4 , pp. 631-646
    • Thenius, E.1
  • 103
    • 61449264968 scopus 로고
    • Die Carnivoren-Reste aus dem Altpleistozän von Voigtstedt bei Sangerhausen in Thüringen
    • Thenius, E. 1965. Die Carnivoren-Reste aus dem Altpleistozän von Voigtstedt bei Sangerhausen in Thüringen. Paläontologische Abhandlungen, Abteilung A 2(2/3), 539-564.
    • (1965) Paläontologische Abhandlungen, Abteilung A , vol.2 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 539-564
    • Thenius, E.1
  • 104
    • 0001971359 scopus 로고
    • Osos (Mammalia, Carnivora, Ursidae) del Pleistoceno Ibérico (Ursus deningeri Von Reichenau, Ursus spelaeus Rosenmüller-Heinroth, Ursus arctos Linneo): V. Dentivió decidual, fórmula dentaria y dentición superior
    • Torres, T. 1988a. Osos (Mammalia, Carnivora, Ursidae) del Pleistoceno Ibérico (Ursus deningeri Von Reichenau, Ursus spelaeus Rosenmüller-Heinroth, Ursus arctos Linneo): V. Dentivió decidual, fórmula dentaria y dentición superior. Boletín Geológico y Minero 99(5), 660-714.
    • (1988) Boletín Geológico y Minero , vol.99 , Issue.5 , pp. 660-714
    • Torres, T.1
  • 105
    • 0345841225 scopus 로고
    • Osos (Mammalia, Carnivora, Ursidae) del Pleistoceno Ibérico: VI. Dentición inferior
    • Torres, T. 1988b. Osos (Mammalia, Carnivora, Ursidae) del Pleistoceno Ibérico: VI. Dentición inferior. Boletín Geológico y Minero 99(6), 52-106.
    • (1988) Boletín Geológico y Minero , vol.99 , Issue.6 , pp. 52-106
    • Torres, T.1
  • 106
    • 35648939587 scopus 로고
    • The European descendants of Ursus etruscus C. Cuvier (Mammalia, Carnivora, Ursidae)
    • Torres, T. 1992. The European descendants of Ursus etruscus C. Cuvier (Mammalia, Carnivora, Ursidae). Boletín Geológico y Minero 103, 12-22.
    • (1992) Boletín Geológico y Minero , vol.103 , pp. 12-22
    • Torres, T.1
  • 107
    • 0347732895 scopus 로고
    • Multivariate Analysis of the dental morphology of Plio-Pleistocene Ursids, with some observations concerning the phylogenetic position of Ursus deningeri
    • Von Reichenau from Cueva Mayor (Sima de los Huesos, Atapuerca), In Bermudez de Castro, J.M., Arsuaga, J.L. & Carbonell, E. (eds)
    • Torres, T. & Cervera, J. 1995. Multivariate Analysis of the dental morphology of Plio-Pleistocene Ursids, with some observations concerning the phylogenetic position of Ursus deningeri Von Reichenau from Cueva Mayor (Sima de los Huesos, Atapuerca), 123-135. In Bermudez de Castro, J.M., Arsuaga, J.L. & Carbonell, E. (eds) Human Evolution in Europe and the Atapuerca Evidence.
    • (1995) Human Evolution in Europe and the Atapuerca Evidence , pp. 123-135
    • Torres, T.1    Cervera, J.2
  • 108
    • 84858027593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A taxonomic revision of bears from selected Biharian localities of the Czech Republic. A preliminary report: I. C 718, Chlum I, Chlum IV
    • Wagner, J. 2004. A taxonomic revision of bears from selected Biharian localities of the Czech Republic. A preliminary report: I. C 718, Chlum I, Chlum IV. Cahiers scientifiques du Muséum de Lyon, Hors série 2, 139-144.
    • (2004) Cahiers scientifiques du Muséum de Lyon, Hors série , vol.2 , pp. 139-144
    • Wagner, J.1
  • 109
    • 84868328528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A taxonomic revision of bears from selected Biharian localities of the Czech Republic. A preliminary report. II. Koněprusy caves-an old collection
    • Wagner, J. 2005a. A taxonomic revision of bears from selected Biharian localities of the Czech Republic. A preliminary report. II. Koněprusy caves-an old collection. Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle de Toulouse et de Midi-Pyrénées 141, 51-54.
    • (2005) Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle de Toulouse et de Midi-Pyrénées , vol.141 , pp. 51-54
    • Wagner, J.1
  • 110
    • 84868327338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morfometrická charakteristika dentálního materiálu medvědů z jeskyně "Za Hájovnou", Javoříčský kras
    • Wagner, J. 2005b. Morfometrická charakteristika dentálního materiálu medvědů z jeskyně "Za Hájovnou", Javoříčský kras. Přírodovědné studie Muzea Prostějovska 8, 109-142.
    • (2005) Přírodovědné studie Muzea Prostějovska , vol.8 , pp. 109-142
    • Wagner, J.1
  • 111
    • 84858038659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pliocene to early Middle Pleistocene ursine bears in Europe: A taxonomic overview
    • Wagner, J. 2010. Pliocene to early Middle Pleistocene ursine bears in Europe: a taxonomic overview. Journal of the National Museum (Prague), Natural History Series 179(20), 197-215.
    • (2010) Journal of the National Museum (Prague), Natural History Series , vol.179 , Issue.20 , pp. 197-215
    • Wagner, J.1
  • 113
    • 84858037394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The presence of Ursus ex gr. minimus-thibetanus in the Late Villányian and its position among the Pliocene and Pleistocene black bears in Europe
    • 22-26 septembre 2010., In Argant, A. & Argant, J. (coord.), Quaternaire, Hors-série 2011, 4
    • Wagner, J., Čermák, S. & Horáček, I. 2012. The presence of Ursus ex gr. minimus-thibetanus in the Late Villányian and its position among the Pliocene and Pleistocene black bears in Europe, 39-58. In Argant, A. & Argant, J. (coord.) Proceedings of the 16th International Cave Bear and Lion Symposium, Azé (Saône-et-Loire, France), 22-26 septembre 2010. Quaternaire, Hors-série 2011, 4.
    • (2012) Proceedings of the 16th International Cave Bear and Lion Symposium, Azé (Saône-et-Loire, France) , pp. 39-58
    • Wagner, J.1    Čermák, S.2    Horáček, I.3
  • 114
    • 84992448237 scopus 로고
    • Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, London, New York, New Rochelle, Melbourne, Sydney
    • West, R.G. 1980. The pre-glacial Pleistocene of the Norfolok and Suffolk coasts. 203 pp. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, London, New York, New Rochelle, Melbourne, Sydney.
    • (1980) The pre-glacial Pleistocene of the Norfolok and Suffolk coasts , pp. 203
    • West, R.G.1
  • 115
    • 0024872539 scopus 로고
    • Middle Pleistocene Carnivora (Mammalia) from Kozi Grzbiet in the Swietokrzyskie Mts., Poland
    • Wiszniowska, T. 1989. Middle Pleistocene Carnivora (Mammalia) from Kozi Grzbiet in the Swietokrzyskie Mts., Poland. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 32, 589-630.
    • (1989) Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia , vol.32 , pp. 589-630
    • Wiszniowska, T.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.