Mobile mapping of sporting event spectators using Bluetooth sensors: Tour of Flanders 2011

Sensors (Switzerland)

Volumn 12, Issue 10, 2012, Pages 14196-14213

  Versichele, Mathias ^a   Neutens, Tijs ^a   Goudeseune, Stephanie ^a   van Bossche, Frederik ^a   van de Weghe, Nico ^a  

^a GHENT UNIVERSITY   (Belgium)

Author keywords

Bluetooth tracking; Crowd counting; crowd mapping; Mobile mapping; Mobile sensors

Indexed keywords

BLUETOOTH SENSORS; BLUETOOTH TECHNOLOGY; CAMERA FOOTAGES; MOBILE MAPPING; MOBILE SENSORS; NOVEL METHODOLOGY; SPATIOTEMPORAL DISTRIBUTIONS; SPATIOTEMPORAL INFORMATION;

MAPPING; SENSORS;

BLUETOOTH;

ARTICLE; BICYCLE; CROWDING (AREA); EQUIPMENT; GENETIC PROCEDURES; HUMAN; MOBILE APPLICATION; MOBILE PHONE; SAFETY; SPORT;

BICYCLING; BIOSENSING TECHNIQUES; CELLULAR PHONE; CROWDING; HUMANS; MOBILE APPLICATIONS; SAFETY; SPORTS;

EID: 84868245653     PISSN: 14248220     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/s121014196     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Getz, D. Event tourism: Definition, evolution, and research. Tour. Manag. 2008, 29, 403-428.
2. Zhen, W.; Mao, L.; Yuan, Z. Analysis of trample disaster and a case study-Mihong bridge fatality in China in 2004. Safety Sci. 2008, 46, 1255-1270.
3. Kasimati, E. Economic aspects and the Summer Olympics: A review of related research. Int. J.Tour. Res. 2003, 5, 433-444.
4. Prentice, R.; Andersen, V. Festival as creative destination. Ann. Tour. Res. 2003, 30, 7-30.
5. Waitt, G. Social impacts of the Sydney Olympics. Ann. Tour. Res. 2003, 30, 194-215
6. Watson, R.; Yip, P. How many were there when it mattered? Significance 2011, 8, 104-107.
7. Yip, P.S.F.; Watson, R.; Chan, K.S.; Lau, E.H.Y.; Chen, F.; Xu, Y.; Xi, L.; Cheung, D.Y.T.;Ip, B.Y.T.; Liu, D. Estimation of the number of people in a demonstration. Austr. NZ J. Statist.2010, 52, 17-26.
8. Versichele, M.; Neutens, T.; Delafontaine, M.; van de Weghe, N. The use of Bluetooth for analysing spatiotemporal dynamics of human movement at mass events: A case study of the Ghent Festivities. Appl. Geogr. 2012, 32, 208-220.
9. Jacobs, H.A. To count a crowd. Columbia J. Rev. 1967, 6, 37-40.
10. Seidler, J.; Meyer, K.; Gillivray, L.M. Collecting Data on Crowds and Rallies: A New Method of Stationary Sampling. Social Forces 1976, 55, 507-519.
11. Sirmacek, B.; Reinartz, P. Automatic crowd analysis from very high resolution satellite images.In Proceedings of the Photogrammetric Image Analysis Conference (PIA11), Munich, Germany,5-7 October 2011; pp. 221-226.
12. Kong, D.; Gray, D. Counting Pedestrians in Crowds Using Viewpoint Invariant Training.In Proceedings of the British Machine Vision Conference (BMVC2005), Oxford, UK, 5-8 September 2005.
13. Rahmalan, H.; Nixon, M.S.; Carter, J.N. On Crowd Density Estimation for Surveillance.In Proceedings of the Institution of Engineering and Technology Conference on Crime and Security; London, UK, 2006; pp. 540-545.
14. Dee, H.M.; Velastin, S.A. How close are we to solving the problem of automated visual surveillance? Mach. Vision Appl. 2007, 19, 329-343.
15. Rabaud, V.; Belongie, S. Counting Crowded Moving Objects. In Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Conference, New York, NY, USA, 17-22 June 2006; pp. 705-711.
16. Marrón-Romera, M.; García, J.C.; Sotelo, M.A.; Pizarro, D.; Mazo, M.; Cañas, J.M.; Losada, C.;Marcos, A. Stereo vision tracking of multiple objects in complex indoor environments. Sensors 2010, 10, 8865-8887.
17. van der Spek, S.; van Schaick, J.; De Bois, P.; De Haan, R. Sensing human activity: GPS tracking.Sensors 2009, 9, 3033-3055.
18. Ahas, R.; Aasa, A.; Roose, A.; Mark, Ü.; Silm, S. Evaluating passive mobile positioning data for tourism surveys: An Estonian case study. Tour. Manag. 2008, 29, 469-486.
19. González, M.C.; Hidalgo, C.A.; Barabási, A.-L. Understanding individual human mobility patterns. Nature 2008, 453, 779-782.
20. Stange, H.; Liebig, T.; Hecker, D.; Andrienko, G.; Andrienko, N. Analytical Workflow of Monitoring Human Mobility in Big Event Settings Using Bluetooth. In Proceedings of the Third ACM SIGSPATIAL International Workshop on Indoor Spatial Awareness, Chicago, IL, USA,1 November 2011; pp. 51-58.
21. O'Neill, E.; Kostakos, V.; Kindberg, T.; Schiek, A.; Penn, A.; Fraser, D.; Jones, T. Instrumenting the City: Developing Methods for Observing and Understanding the Digital Cityscape. In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing (UBICOMP), Orange County, CA, USA, 17-21 September 2006; pp. 315-332.
22. Kostakos, V.; O'Neill, E. Cityware: Urban Computing to Bridge Online and Real-World Social Networks. In Handbook of Research on Urban Informatics: The Practice and Promise of the Real-Time City; Foth, M., Ed.; Information Science Reference, IGI Global: Hershey, PA, USA,2008; pp. 195-204.
23. Haghani, A.; Hamedi, M.; Sadabadi, K.F.; Young, S.; Tarnoff, P. Data collection of freeway travel time ground truth with Bluetooth sensors. Transport. Res. Record J. Transport. Res. Board 2009, 2160, 60-68.
24. Peterson, B.S.; Baldwin, R.O.; Kharoufeh, J.P. Bluetooth inquiry time characterization and selection. IEEE Trans. Mobile Comput. 2006, 5, 1173-1187.
25. Bensky, A. Wireless Positioning Technologies and Applications; Artech House: Boston, MA,USA, 2007.
26. Hossain, A.K.M.; Soh, W.S. A Comprehensive Study of Bluetooth Signal Parameters for Localization. In Proceedings of the 18th Annual IEEE International Symposium on Personal,Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC), Athens, Greece, 3-7 September 2007; p. 5.
27. Li, R. Mobile mapping: An emerging technology for spatial data acquisition. Photogram. Eng.Remote Sens. 1997, 63, 1085-1092.
28. Berghel, H. Wireless infidelity I: War driving. Commun. ACM 2004, 47, 21-26.
29. Eagle, N.; Pentland, A. Reality mining: Sensing complex social systems. Pers. Ubiq. Comput.2005, 10, 255-268.
30. Paulos, E.; Goodman, E. The Familiar Stranger: Anxiety, Comfort, and Play in Public Places. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Vienna,Austria, 24-29 April 2004; Volume 6, pp. 223-230.
31. Malinovskiy, Y.; Wang, Y. Pedestrian Travel Pattern Discovery Using Mobile Bluetooth Sensors.In Proceedings of the Transportation Research Board 91st Annual Meeting, Washington, DC,USA, 22-26 January 2012; Volume 250, pp. 1-16.
32. Jenks, G.F.; Caspall, F.C. Error on Choroplethic maps: Definition, measurement, reduction. Ann.Assoc. Am. Geogr. 1971, 61, 217-244.