메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 22, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 677-705

Central Nervous System Tuberculosis: Pathophysiology and Imaging Findings

Author keywords

CNS tuberculosis; Intracranial infection; Spinal tuberculosis; Tuberculoma

Indexed keywords

ARACHNOIDITIS; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM TUBERCULOSIS; CRANIAL NEUROPATHY; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; EARLY DIAGNOSIS; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; HYDROCEPHALUS; INCIDENCE; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE; MYELITIS; NEUROIMAGING; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; PATHOGENESIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; TUBERCULAR ABSCESS; TUBERCULOMA; TUBERCULOSIS; TUBERCULOUS CEREBRITIS; TUBERCULOUS ENCEPHALOPATHY; TUBERCULOUS MENINGITIS; TUBERCULOUS PACHYMENINGITIS; TUBERCULOUS SPONDYLODISCITIS; VASCULITIS;

EID: 84868225346     PISSN: 10525149     EISSN: 15579867     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.nic.2012.05.006     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (93)

References (101)
  • 1
    • 0034109248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central nervous system tuberculosis: imaging manifestations
    • Shah G.V. Central nervous system tuberculosis: imaging manifestations. Neuroimaging Clin North Am 2000, 10(2):355-374.
    • (2000) Neuroimaging Clin North Am , vol.10 , Issue.2 , pp. 355-374
    • Shah, G.V.1
  • 3
    • 42349093919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central nervous system tuberculosis: pathogenesis and clinical aspects
    • Rock R.B., Olin M., Baker C.A., et al. Central nervous system tuberculosis: pathogenesis and clinical aspects. Clin Microbiol Rev 2008, 21(2):243-261.
    • (2008) Clin Microbiol Rev , vol.21 , Issue.2 , pp. 243-261
    • Rock, R.B.1    Olin, M.2    Baker, C.A.3
  • 4
    • 0043136301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tuberculosis of the central nervous system: overview of neuroradiological findings
    • Bernaerts A., Vanhoenacker F.M., Parizel P.M., et al. Tuberculosis of the central nervous system: overview of neuroradiological findings. Eur Radiol 2003, 13:1876-1890.
    • (2003) Eur Radiol , vol.13 , pp. 1876-1890
    • Bernaerts, A.1    Vanhoenacker, F.M.2    Parizel, P.M.3
  • 5
    • 0027217726 scopus 로고
    • Nontuberculous mycobacterial infection of the central nervous system in patients with AIDS
    • Jacob C.N., Henein S.S., Heurich A.E., et al. Nontuberculous mycobacterial infection of the central nervous system in patients with AIDS. South Med J 1993, 86:638-640.
    • (1993) South Med J , vol.86 , pp. 638-640
    • Jacob, C.N.1    Henein, S.S.2    Heurich, A.E.3
  • 7
    • 14944383274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tuberculous meningitis and miliary tuberculosis: the rich focus revisited
    • Donald P.R., Schaaf H.S., Schoeman J.F. Tuberculous meningitis and miliary tuberculosis: the rich focus revisited. J Infect 2005, 50:193-195.
    • (2005) J Infect , vol.50 , pp. 193-195
    • Donald, P.R.1    Schaaf, H.S.2    Schoeman, J.F.3
  • 8
    • 2442735987 scopus 로고
    • Immunological spectrum of childhood tuberculosis
    • Rajajee S., Narayanan P.R. Immunological spectrum of childhood tuberculosis. J Trop Pediatr 1992, 21:490-496.
    • (1992) J Trop Pediatr , vol.21 , pp. 490-496
    • Rajajee, S.1    Narayanan, P.R.2
  • 9
    • 0034145661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imaging of extrapulmonary tuberculosis
    • Engin G., Acuna B., Acuna G., et al. Imaging of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Radiographics 2000, 20:471-488.
    • (2000) Radiographics , vol.20 , pp. 471-488
    • Engin, G.1    Acuna, B.2    Acuna, G.3
  • 11
    • 0032728191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central nervous system tuberculosis
    • Garcia-Monco J.C. Central nervous system tuberculosis. Neurol Clin 1999, 17:737-759.
    • (1999) Neurol Clin , vol.17 , pp. 737-759
    • Garcia-Monco, J.C.1
  • 13
    • 0029091557 scopus 로고
    • Pathology and pathogenetic mechanisms in neurotuberculosis
    • Dastur D.K., Manghani D.K., Udani P.M. Pathology and pathogenetic mechanisms in neurotuberculosis. Radiol Clin North Am 1995, 33:733-752.
    • (1995) Radiol Clin North Am , vol.33 , pp. 733-752
    • Dastur, D.K.1    Manghani, D.K.2    Udani, P.M.3
  • 15
    • 0020434807 scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic and prognostic features of tuberculous meningitis on CT scanning
    • Bullock M.R., Welchman J.M. Diagnostic and prognostic features of tuberculous meningitis on CT scanning. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1982, 45:1098-1101.
    • (1982) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.45 , pp. 1098-1101
    • Bullock, M.R.1    Welchman, J.M.2
  • 16
    • 0030155173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Value of CT scan in the diagnosis of meningitis
    • Kumar R., Kohli N., Thavnani H., et al. Value of CT scan in the diagnosis of meningitis. Indian Pediatr 1996, 33:465-468.
    • (1996) Indian Pediatr , vol.33 , pp. 465-468
    • Kumar, R.1    Kohli, N.2    Thavnani, H.3
  • 17
    • 7744225293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Definitive neuroradiological diagnostic features of tuberculous meningitis in children
    • Andronikou S., Smith B., Hatherhill M., et al. Definitive neuroradiological diagnostic features of tuberculous meningitis in children. Pediatr Radiol 2004, 34:876-885.
    • (2004) Pediatr Radiol , vol.34 , pp. 876-885
    • Andronikou, S.1    Smith, B.2    Hatherhill, M.3
  • 18
    • 33745108979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Objective CT criteria to determine the presence of abnormal basal enhancement in children with suspicious tuberculous meningitis
    • Przybojewski S., Andronikou S., Wilmshurst J. Objective CT criteria to determine the presence of abnormal basal enhancement in children with suspicious tuberculous meningitis. Pediatr Radiol 2006, 36:687-696.
    • (2006) Pediatr Radiol , vol.36 , pp. 687-696
    • Przybojewski, S.1    Andronikou, S.2    Wilmshurst, J.3
  • 19
    • 67749095837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MRI to demonstrate diagnostic features and complications of TBM not seen with CT
    • Pienaar M., Andronikou S., van Toorn R. MRI to demonstrate diagnostic features and complications of TBM not seen with CT. Childs Nerv Syst 2009, 25:941-947.
    • (2009) Childs Nerv Syst , vol.25 , pp. 941-947
    • Pienaar, M.1    Andronikou, S.2    van Toorn, R.3
  • 20
    • 0024998491 scopus 로고
    • Gd-DTPA-enhanced MR imaging of the brain in patients with meningitis: comparison with CT
    • Chang K.H., Han M.H., Roh J.K., et al. Gd-DTPA-enhanced MR imaging of the brain in patients with meningitis: comparison with CT. Am J Neuroradiol 1990, 11:69-76.
    • (1990) Am J Neuroradiol , vol.11 , pp. 69-76
    • Chang, K.H.1    Han, M.H.2    Roh, J.K.3
  • 21
    • 0029090274 scopus 로고
    • MR imaging of central nervous system tuberculosis
    • Jinkins J.R., Gupta R., Chang K.H., et al. MR imaging of central nervous system tuberculosis. Radiol Clin North Am 1995, 33:771-786.
    • (1995) Radiol Clin North Am , vol.33 , pp. 771-786
    • Jinkins, J.R.1    Gupta, R.2    Chang, K.H.3
  • 23
    • 0024485021 scopus 로고
    • Gd-DTPA-enhanced MR imaging of experimental bacterial meningitis: evaluation and comparison with CT
    • Mathews V.P., Kuharik M.A., Edwards M.K., et al. Gd-DTPA-enhanced MR imaging of experimental bacterial meningitis: evaluation and comparison with CT. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1989, 152:131-136.
    • (1989) AJR Am J Roentgenol , vol.152 , pp. 131-136
    • Mathews, V.P.1    Kuharik, M.A.2    Edwards, M.K.3
  • 25
    • 0034548037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The clinical, radiological and pathological profile of tuberculous meningitis in patients with and without human immunodeficiency virus infection
    • Katrak S.M., Shembalkar P.K., Bijwe S.R., et al. The clinical, radiological and pathological profile of tuberculous meningitis in patients with and without human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Neurol Sci 2000, 181:118-126.
    • (2000) J Neurol Sci , vol.181 , pp. 118-126
    • Katrak, S.M.1    Shembalkar, P.K.2    Bijwe, S.R.3
  • 26
    • 0026580538 scopus 로고
    • Intracranial tuberculosis in AIDS: CT and MRI findings
    • Villoria M.F., de la Torre J., Fortea F., et al. Intracranial tuberculosis in AIDS: CT and MRI findings. Neuroradiology 1991, 34:11-14.
    • (1991) Neuroradiology , vol.34 , pp. 11-14
    • Villoria, M.F.1    de la Torre, J.2    Fortea, F.3
  • 27
    • 34247266626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinicoradiological features of tuberculous meningitis in patients over 50 years of age
    • Srikanth S.G., Taly A.B., Nagarajan K., et al. Clinicoradiological features of tuberculous meningitis in patients over 50 years of age. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2007, 78:536-538.
    • (2007) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.78 , pp. 536-538
    • Srikanth, S.G.1    Taly, A.B.2    Nagarajan, K.3
  • 28
    • 2642571621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infectious meningitis: prospective evaluation with magnetization transfer MRI
    • Kamra P., Azad R., Prasad K.N., et al. Infectious meningitis: prospective evaluation with magnetization transfer MRI. Br J Radiol 2004, 77:387-394.
    • (2004) Br J Radiol , vol.77 , pp. 387-394
    • Kamra, P.1    Azad, R.2    Prasad, K.N.3
  • 29
    • 0036295658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetization transfer MR imaging in central nervous system infections
    • Gupta R. Magnetization transfer MR imaging in central nervous system infections. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2002, 12:51-58.
    • (2002) Indian J Radiol Imaging , vol.12 , pp. 51-58
    • Gupta, R.1
  • 30
  • 31
    • 0034668335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery imaging of cerebral infarction associated with tuberculous meningitis
    • Nogami K., Nomura S., Kashiwagi S., et al. Fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery imaging of cerebral infarction associated with tuberculous meningitis. Comput Med Imaging Graph 2000, 24:333-337.
    • (2000) Comput Med Imaging Graph , vol.24 , pp. 333-337
    • Nogami, K.1    Nomura, S.2    Kashiwagi, S.3
  • 32
    • 0035000503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ventriculo peritoneal shunting in childhood tuberculous meningitis
    • Lamprecht D., Schoeman J.F., Donald P., et al. Ventriculo peritoneal shunting in childhood tuberculous meningitis. Br J Neurosurg 2001, 15:119-125.
    • (2001) Br J Neurosurg , vol.15 , pp. 119-125
    • Lamprecht, D.1    Schoeman, J.F.2    Donald, P.3
  • 34
    • 63849291316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Twenty years of pediatric tuberculous meningitis: a retrospective cohort study in the Western Cape of South Africa
    • van Well G.T., Paes B.F., Terwee C.B., et al. Twenty years of pediatric tuberculous meningitis: a retrospective cohort study in the Western Cape of South Africa. Pediatrics 2009, 123(1):e1-e8.
    • (2009) Pediatrics , vol.123 , Issue.1
    • van Well, G.T.1    Paes, B.F.2    Terwee, C.B.3
  • 35
    • 0023123432 scopus 로고
    • Advantage of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of cerebral infections
    • Schroth G., Kretzschmar K., Gawehn J., et al. Advantage of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of cerebral infections. Neuroradiology 1987, 29:120-126.
    • (1987) Neuroradiology , vol.29 , pp. 120-126
    • Schroth, G.1    Kretzschmar, K.2    Gawehn, J.3
  • 36
    • 71349085277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complex hydrocephalus (combination of communicating and obstructive type): an important cause of failed endoscopic third ventriculostomy
    • DOI:1186/1756-0500/2/137
    • Yadav Y.R., Mukerji G., Parihar V., et al. Complex hydrocephalus (combination of communicating and obstructive type): an important cause of failed endoscopic third ventriculostomy. BMC Res Notes 2009, 2:137. DOI:1186/1756-0500/2/137.
    • (2009) BMC Res Notes , vol.2 , pp. 137
    • Yadav, Y.R.1    Mukerji, G.2    Parihar, V.3
  • 37
    • 33845694741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of different imaging modalities: is MRI a conditio sine qua non for ETV?
    • van Lindert E.J., Beems T., Grotenhuis J.A. The role of different imaging modalities: is MRI a conditio sine qua non for ETV?. Childs Nerv Syst 2006, 22:1529-1536.
    • (2006) Childs Nerv Syst , vol.22 , pp. 1529-1536
    • van Lindert, E.J.1    Beems, T.2    Grotenhuis, J.A.3
  • 38
    • 0014518959 scopus 로고
    • Tuberculous meningitis in children: a clinico-pathological evaluation of 24 cases
    • Bharucha P.E., Iyer C.G., Bharucha E.P., et al. Tuberculous meningitis in children: a clinico-pathological evaluation of 24 cases. Indian Pediatr 1969, 6(5):282-290.
    • (1969) Indian Pediatr , vol.6 , Issue.5 , pp. 282-290
    • Bharucha, P.E.1    Iyer, C.G.2    Bharucha, E.P.3
  • 39
    • 0018325070 scopus 로고
    • Hydrocephalus in tuberculous meningitis in children: treatment with acetazolamide and repeated lumbar puncture
    • Visudhiphan P., Chiemchanya S. Hydrocephalus in tuberculous meningitis in children: treatment with acetazolamide and repeated lumbar puncture. J Pediatr 1979, 95(4):657-660.
    • (1979) J Pediatr , vol.95 , Issue.4 , pp. 657-660
    • Visudhiphan, P.1    Chiemchanya, S.2
  • 40
    • 71849114239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Update on tuberculosis of the central nervous system: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment
    • Thwaites G.E., Schoeman J.F. Update on tuberculosis of the central nervous system: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. Clin Chest Med 2009, 30(4):745-754.
    • (2009) Clin Chest Med , vol.30 , Issue.4 , pp. 745-754
    • Thwaites, G.E.1    Schoeman, J.F.2
  • 41
    • 1842425017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can CT predict the level of CSF block in tuberculous hydrocephalus?
    • Bruwer G.E., Van der Westhuizen S., Lombard C.J., et al. Can CT predict the level of CSF block in tuberculous hydrocephalus?. Childs Nerv Syst 2004, 20(3):183-187.
    • (2004) Childs Nerv Syst , vol.20 , Issue.3 , pp. 183-187
    • Bruwer, G.E.1    Van der Westhuizen, S.2    Lombard, C.J.3
  • 42
    • 0037381695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydrocephalus due to idiopathic stenosis of the foramina of Magendie and Luschka. Report of three cases
    • Karachi C., Le Guerinel C., Brugieres P., et al. Hydrocephalus due to idiopathic stenosis of the foramina of Magendie and Luschka. Report of three cases. J Neurosurg 2003, 98:897-902.
    • (2003) J Neurosurg , vol.98 , pp. 897-902
    • Karachi, C.1    Le Guerinel, C.2    Brugieres, P.3
  • 43
    • 0030936763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional analysis of third ventriculostomy patency with phase-contrast MRI velocity measurements
    • Lev S., Bhadelia R.A., Estin D., et al. Functional analysis of third ventriculostomy patency with phase-contrast MRI velocity measurements. Neuroradiology 1997, 39:175-179.
    • (1997) Neuroradiology , vol.39 , pp. 175-179
    • Lev, S.1    Bhadelia, R.A.2    Estin, D.3
  • 45
    • 44649088901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of endoscopic third ventriculostomy in patients with communicating hydrocephalus: an evaluation by MR ventriculography
    • Singh I., Haris M., Husain M., et al. Role of endoscopic third ventriculostomy in patients with communicating hydrocephalus: an evaluation by MR ventriculography. Neurosurg Rev 2008, 31:319-325.
    • (2008) Neurosurg Rev , vol.31 , pp. 319-325
    • Singh, I.1    Haris, M.2    Husain, M.3
  • 46
    • 84878764987 scopus 로고
    • The brain and meninges in TBM. Gross pathology and pathogenesis in 100 cases
    • Dastur D.K., Lalitha V.S., Udani P.M., et al. The brain and meninges in TBM. Gross pathology and pathogenesis in 100 cases. Neurol India 1970, 20:1015-1023.
    • (1970) Neurol India , vol.20 , pp. 1015-1023
    • Dastur, D.K.1    Lalitha, V.S.2    Udani, P.M.3
  • 47
    • 0028047167 scopus 로고
    • MR imaging and angiography in tuberculous meningitis
    • Gupta R.K., Gupta S., Singh D., et al. MR imaging and angiography in tuberculous meningitis. Neuroradiology 1994, 36(2):87-92.
    • (1994) Neuroradiology , vol.36 , Issue.2 , pp. 87-92
    • Gupta, R.K.1    Gupta, S.2    Singh, D.3
  • 48
    • 0013975055 scopus 로고
    • The angiographic triad in tuberculous meningitis. A radiographic and clinicopathologic correlation
    • Lehrer H. The angiographic triad in tuberculous meningitis. A radiographic and clinicopathologic correlation. Radiology 1966, 87:829-835.
    • (1966) Radiology , vol.87 , pp. 829-835
    • Lehrer, H.1
  • 49
    • 0025232301 scopus 로고
    • Gd-DTPA enhanced MR imaging in intracranial tuberculosis
    • Chang K.H., Han M.H., Roh J.K., et al. Gd-DTPA enhanced MR imaging in intracranial tuberculosis. Neuroradiology 1990, 32:19-25.
    • (1990) Neuroradiology , vol.32 , pp. 19-25
    • Chang, K.H.1    Han, M.H.2    Roh, J.K.3
  • 50
    • 53249085806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of cerebral infarction in tuberculous meningitis by diffusion weighted imaging
    • Shukla R., Abbas A., Kumar P., et al. Evaluation of cerebral infarction in tuberculous meningitis by diffusion weighted imaging. J Infect 2008, 57:298-306.
    • (2008) J Infect , vol.57 , pp. 298-306
    • Shukla, R.1    Abbas, A.2    Kumar, P.3
  • 51
    • 62949220801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MRI pattern of infarcts in basal ganglia region in patients with tuberculous meningitis
    • Nair P.P., Kalita J., Kumar S., et al. MRI pattern of infarcts in basal ganglia region in patients with tuberculous meningitis. Neuroradiology 2009, 51:221-225.
    • (2009) Neuroradiology , vol.51 , pp. 221-225
    • Nair, P.P.1    Kalita, J.2    Kumar, S.3
  • 52
    • 0034989443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosis of childhood central nervous system tuberculosis
    • Uysal G., Kose G., Guven A., et al. Magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosis of childhood central nervous system tuberculosis. Infection 2001, 29:148-153.
    • (2001) Infection , vol.29 , pp. 148-153
    • Uysal, G.1    Kose, G.2    Guven, A.3
  • 53
  • 54
    • 0030827882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imaging appearance of pachymeningeal tuberculosis
    • Goyal M., Sharma A., Mishra N.K., et al. Imaging appearance of pachymeningeal tuberculosis. Am J Roentgenol 1997, 169:1421-1424.
    • (1997) Am J Roentgenol , vol.169 , pp. 1421-1424
    • Goyal, M.1    Sharma, A.2    Mishra, N.K.3
  • 55
    • 0030188252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tuberculosis as a mimicker of brain tumour
    • Brismar T., Hugosson C., Larsson S.G., et al. Tuberculosis as a mimicker of brain tumour. Acta Radiol 1996, 37:496-505.
    • (1996) Acta Radiol , vol.37 , pp. 496-505
    • Brismar, T.1    Hugosson, C.2    Larsson, S.G.3
  • 56
    • 0025456453 scopus 로고
    • Contrast enhanced MR imaging of tuberculous pachymeningitis cranialis hypertrophica: case report
    • Callebout J., Dormont D., Dubois B., et al. Contrast enhanced MR imaging of tuberculous pachymeningitis cranialis hypertrophica: case report. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1990, 11:821-822.
    • (1990) AJNR Am J Neuroradiol , vol.11 , pp. 821-822
    • Callebout, J.1    Dormont, D.2    Dubois, B.3
  • 57
    • 0029087741 scopus 로고
    • MR imaging and CT of central nervous system tuberculosis in the patient with AIDS
    • Villoria M.F., Fortea F., Moreno S., et al. MR imaging and CT of central nervous system tuberculosis in the patient with AIDS. Radiol Clin North Am 1995, 4:805-820.
    • (1995) Radiol Clin North Am , vol.4 , pp. 805-820
    • Villoria, M.F.1    Fortea, F.2    Moreno, S.3
  • 58
    • 0030819602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MRI of the brain in patients with miliary pulmonary tuberculosis without symptoms or signs of central nervous system involvement
    • Gupta R.K., Kohli A., Gaur V., et al. MRI of the brain in patients with miliary pulmonary tuberculosis without symptoms or signs of central nervous system involvement. Neuroradiology 1997, 39:699-704.
    • (1997) Neuroradiology , vol.39 , pp. 699-704
    • Gupta, R.K.1    Kohli, A.2    Gaur, V.3
  • 60
    • 0030984607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tuberculomas presenting as isolated intrinsic brain stem masses
    • Rajshekhar V., Chandy M.J. Tuberculomas presenting as isolated intrinsic brain stem masses. Br J Neurosurg 1997, 11:127-133.
    • (1997) Br J Neurosurg , vol.11 , pp. 127-133
    • Rajshekhar, V.1    Chandy, M.J.2
  • 62
    • 0023687865 scopus 로고
    • CT of intracranial tuberculomas with special reference to the "target sign"
    • Van Dyk A. CT of intracranial tuberculomas with special reference to the "target sign". Neuroradiology 1988, 30:329.
    • (1988) Neuroradiology , vol.30 , pp. 329
    • Van Dyk, A.1
  • 63
    • 0029801597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The "target sign": is it a specific sign of CNS tuberculoma?
    • Bargalló J., Berenguer J., García-Barrionuevo J., et al. The "target sign": is it a specific sign of CNS tuberculoma?. Neuroradiology 1996, 38:547-550.
    • (1996) Neuroradiology , vol.38 , pp. 547-550
    • Bargalló, J.1    Berenguer, J.2    García-Barrionuevo, J.3
  • 64
    • 0035427899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetization transfer MR imaging correlation with histopathology in intracranial tuberculomas
    • Gupta R.K., Husain N., Kathuria M.K., et al. Magnetization transfer MR imaging correlation with histopathology in intracranial tuberculomas. Clin Radiol 2001, 56:656-663.
    • (2001) Clin Radiol , vol.56 , pp. 656-663
    • Gupta, R.K.1    Husain, N.2    Kathuria, M.K.3
  • 65
    • 0029127560 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of intracranial mass lesions with in vivo proton MR spectroscopy
    • Poptani H., Gupta R.K., Roy R., et al. Characterization of intracranial mass lesions with in vivo proton MR spectroscopy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1995, 16:1593-1603.
    • (1995) AJNR Am J Neuroradiol , vol.16 , pp. 1593-1603
    • Poptani, H.1    Gupta, R.K.2    Roy, R.3
  • 66
    • 0028891737 scopus 로고
    • In vivo localized proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of intracranial tuberculomas
    • Gupta R.K., Poptani H., Kohli A., et al. In vivo localized proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of intracranial tuberculomas. Indian J Med Res 1995, 101:19-24.
    • (1995) Indian J Med Res , vol.101 , pp. 19-24
    • Gupta, R.K.1    Poptani, H.2    Kohli, A.3
  • 67
    • 0029856790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Finger printing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in patients with intracranial tuberculomas by using in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro magnetic resonance spectroscopy
    • Gupta R.K., Roy R., Dev R., et al. Finger printing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in patients with intracranial tuberculomas by using in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Magn Reson Med 1996, 36:829-833.
    • (1996) Magn Reson Med , vol.36 , pp. 829-833
    • Gupta, R.K.1    Roy, R.2    Dev, R.3
  • 68
    • 0003681731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MR imaging and spectroscopy of intracranial tuberculoma
    • Gupta R.K., Roy R. MR imaging and spectroscopy of intracranial tuberculoma. Curr Sci 1999, 76:783-788.
    • (1999) Curr Sci , vol.76 , pp. 783-788
    • Gupta, R.K.1    Roy, R.2
  • 69
    • 0032977622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic assessment of brain tumours and non-neoplastic brain disorders in vivo using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and artificial neural networks
    • Poptani H., Kaartinen J., Gupta R.K., et al. Diagnostic assessment of brain tumours and non-neoplastic brain disorders in vivo using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and artificial neural networks. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1999, 125:343-349.
    • (1999) J Cancer Res Clin Oncol , vol.125 , pp. 343-349
    • Poptani, H.1    Kaartinen, J.2    Gupta, R.K.3
  • 70
    • 0033752102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of the brain
    • Schaefer P.W., Grant P.E., Gonzalez R.G. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of the brain. Radiology 2000, 217:331-345.
    • (2000) Radiology , vol.217 , pp. 331-345
    • Schaefer, P.W.1    Grant, P.E.2    Gonzalez, R.G.3
  • 71
    • 24044514987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of diffusion weighted imaging in differentiation of intracranial tuberculoma and tuberculous abscess from Cysticercus granulomas - a report of more than 100 lesions
    • Gupta R.K., Prakash M., Mishra A.M., et al. Role of diffusion weighted imaging in differentiation of intracranial tuberculoma and tuberculous abscess from Cysticercus granulomas - a report of more than 100 lesions. Eur J Radiol 2005, 55:384-392.
    • (2005) Eur J Radiol , vol.55 , pp. 384-392
    • Gupta, R.K.1    Prakash, M.2    Mishra, A.M.3
  • 72
    • 20944450664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative evaluation of magnetization transfer contrast and fluid attenuated inversion recovery sequences in brain tuberculoma
    • Saxena S., Prakash M., Kumar S., et al. Comparative evaluation of magnetization transfer contrast and fluid attenuated inversion recovery sequences in brain tuberculoma. Clin Radiol 2005, 60:787-793.
    • (2005) Clin Radiol , vol.60 , pp. 787-793
    • Saxena, S.1    Prakash, M.2    Kumar, S.3
  • 73
    • 34249807593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relative cerebral blood volume is a measure of angiogenesis in brain tuberculoma
    • Gupta R.K., Haris M., Husain N., et al. Relative cerebral blood volume is a measure of angiogenesis in brain tuberculoma. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2007, 31:335-341.
    • (2007) J Comput Assist Tomogr , vol.31 , pp. 335-341
    • Gupta, R.K.1    Haris, M.2    Husain, N.3
  • 74
    • 0242416018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perfusion magnetic resonance imaging in intracerebral parenchymal tuberculosis
    • Batra A., Tripathi R.P. Perfusion magnetic resonance imaging in intracerebral parenchymal tuberculosis. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2003, 27:882-888.
    • (2003) J Comput Assist Tomogr , vol.27 , pp. 882-888
    • Batra, A.1    Tripathi, R.P.2
  • 75
    • 40949155574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of therapeutic response on serial dynamic contrast enhanced MR imaging in brain tuberculomas
    • Haris M., Gupta R.K., Husain M., et al. Assessment of therapeutic response on serial dynamic contrast enhanced MR imaging in brain tuberculomas. Clin Radiol 2008, 63:562-574.
    • (2008) Clin Radiol , vol.63 , pp. 562-574
    • Haris, M.1    Gupta, R.K.2    Husain, M.3
  • 76
    • 55649086852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DTI derived indices correlate with immunohistochemistry obtained matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-9) expression in cellular fraction of brain tuberculoma
    • Gupta R.K., Haris M., Husain N., et al. DTI derived indices correlate with immunohistochemistry obtained matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-9) expression in cellular fraction of brain tuberculoma. J Neurol Sci 2008, 275:78-85.
    • (2008) J Neurol Sci , vol.275 , pp. 78-85
    • Gupta, R.K.1    Haris, M.2    Husain, N.3
  • 77
    • 0029151810 scopus 로고
    • Differential diagnosis of CNS lesions in AIDS patients by FDG-PET
    • Villringer K., Jäger H., Dichgans M., et al. Differential diagnosis of CNS lesions in AIDS patients by FDG-PET. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1995, 19(4):532-536.
    • (1995) J Comput Assist Tomogr , vol.19 , Issue.4 , pp. 532-536
    • Villringer, K.1    Jäger, H.2    Dichgans, M.3
  • 78
    • 37549044637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of therapeutic response of tuberculoma using F-18 FDG positron emission tomography
    • Park I.N., Ryu J.S., Shim T.S. Evaluation of therapeutic response of tuberculoma using F-18 FDG positron emission tomography. Clin Nucl Med 2008, 33(1):1-3.
    • (2008) Clin Nucl Med , vol.33 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-3
    • Park, I.N.1    Ryu, J.S.2    Shim, T.S.3
  • 79
    • 0023850029 scopus 로고
    • Focal tuberculous cerebritis
    • Jinkins J.R. Focal tuberculous cerebritis. Am J Neuroradiol 1988, 9:121-124.
    • (1988) Am J Neuroradiol , vol.9 , pp. 121-124
    • Jinkins, J.R.1
  • 80
    • 0036555931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tuberculous brain abscess: clinical presentation, pathophysiology and treatment (in children)
    • Kumar R., Pandey C.K., Bose N., et al. Tuberculous brain abscess: clinical presentation, pathophysiology and treatment (in children). Childs Nerv Syst 2002, 18:118-123.
    • (2002) Childs Nerv Syst , vol.18 , pp. 118-123
    • Kumar, R.1    Pandey, C.K.2    Bose, N.3
  • 81
    • 0017835018 scopus 로고
    • Tuberculous brain abscess. Report of a case and review of the literature
    • Whitener D.R. Tuberculous brain abscess. Report of a case and review of the literature. Arch Neurol 1978, 35:148-155.
    • (1978) Arch Neurol , vol.35 , pp. 148-155
    • Whitener, D.R.1
  • 82
    • 0030913159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tuberculous brain abscess in a patient with HIV infection: case report and review
    • Farrar D.J., Flanigan T.P., Gordon N.M., et al. Tuberculous brain abscess in a patient with HIV infection: case report and review. Am J Med 1997, 102:297-301.
    • (1997) Am J Med , vol.102 , pp. 297-301
    • Farrar, D.J.1    Flanigan, T.P.2    Gordon, N.M.3
  • 83
    • 0041647241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tuberculosis of the central nervous system
    • Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, New York
    • Palmer P.E. Tuberculosis of the central nervous system. The imaging of tuberculosis 2002, 125-133. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, New York.
    • (2002) The imaging of tuberculosis , pp. 125-133
    • Palmer, P.E.1
  • 84
    • 0030774684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain and spine imaging findings in AIDS patients
    • Provenzale J.M., Jinkins J.R. Brain and spine imaging findings in AIDS patients. Radiol Clin North Am 1997, 35:1127-1166.
    • (1997) Radiol Clin North Am , vol.35 , pp. 1127-1166
    • Provenzale, J.M.1    Jinkins, J.R.2
  • 85
    • 34548184135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative evaluation of fungal, tubercular, and pyogenic brain abscesses with conventional and diffusion MR imaging and proton MR spectroscopy
    • Luthra G., Parihar A., Nath K., et al. Comparative evaluation of fungal, tubercular, and pyogenic brain abscesses with conventional and diffusion MR imaging and proton MR spectroscopy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2007, 28:1332-1338.
    • (2007) AJNR Am J Neuroradiol , vol.28 , pp. 1332-1338
    • Luthra, G.1    Parihar, A.2    Nath, K.3
  • 86
    • 57049163197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the diagnosis and categorization of cerebral abscesses
    • Kapsalaki E.Z., Gotsis E.D., Fountas K.N. The role of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the diagnosis and categorization of cerebral abscesses. Neurosurg Focus 2008, 24(6):E7.
    • (2008) Neurosurg Focus , vol.24 , Issue.6
    • Kapsalaki, E.Z.1    Gotsis, E.D.2    Fountas, K.N.3
  • 87
    • 0034834455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differentiation of tuberculous from pyogenic brain abscesses with in vivo proton MR spectroscopy and magnetization transfer MR imaging
    • Gupta R.K., Vatsal D.K., Husain N., et al. Differentiation of tuberculous from pyogenic brain abscesses with in vivo proton MR spectroscopy and magnetization transfer MR imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2001, 22:1503-1509.
    • (2001) AJNR Am J Neuroradiol , vol.22 , pp. 1503-1509
    • Gupta, R.K.1    Vatsal, D.K.2    Husain, N.3
  • 88
    • 33645016967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imaging of infectious spinal disorders in children and adults
    • James S.L.J., Davies A.M. Imaging of infectious spinal disorders in children and adults. Eur J Radiol 2006, 58:27-40.
    • (2006) Eur J Radiol , vol.58 , pp. 27-40
    • James, S.L.J.1    Davies, A.M.2
  • 89
    • 13844277644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vertebral infection
    • Jetvic V. Vertebral infection. Eur Radiol 2004, 14:E43-E52.
    • (2004) Eur Radiol , vol.14
    • Jetvic, V.1
  • 90
    • 33646012665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spinal infections. Diagnostic tests and imaging studies
    • Howard S.A., Seldomridge J.A. Spinal infections. Diagnostic tests and imaging studies. Clin Orthop 2006, 444:27-33.
    • (2006) Clin Orthop , vol.444 , pp. 27-33
    • Howard, S.A.1    Seldomridge, J.A.2
  • 91
    • 0035075206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imaging of pyogenic infectious spondylodiskitis
    • Varma R., Lander P., Assaf A. Imaging of pyogenic infectious spondylodiskitis. Radiol Clin North Am 2001, 39:203-213.
    • (2001) Radiol Clin North Am , vol.39 , pp. 203-213
    • Varma, R.1    Lander, P.2    Assaf, A.3
  • 92
    • 0042844540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MR imaging findings in spinal infections: rules or myths?
    • Ledermann H.P., Schweitzer M.E., Morrison W.B., et al. MR imaging findings in spinal infections: rules or myths?. Radiology 2003, 228:506-514.
    • (2003) Radiology , vol.228 , pp. 506-514
    • Ledermann, H.P.1    Schweitzer, M.E.2    Morrison, W.B.3
  • 93
    • 0027383380 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of tuberculous and pyogenic spondylitis. An analysis of 122 cases
    • Buchelt M., Lack W., Kutschera H.P., et al. Comparison of tuberculous and pyogenic spondylitis. An analysis of 122 cases. Clin Orthop 1993, 296:192-199.
    • (1993) Clin Orthop , vol.296 , pp. 192-199
    • Buchelt, M.1    Lack, W.2    Kutschera, H.P.3
  • 94
    • 0033924737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pyogenic spondylitis and early tuberculous spondylitis in children: differential diagnosis with standard radiographs and computed tomography
    • Magnus K.G., Hoffman E.B. Pyogenic spondylitis and early tuberculous spondylitis in children: differential diagnosis with standard radiographs and computed tomography. J Pediatr Orthop 2000, 20:39-43.
    • (2000) J Pediatr Orthop , vol.20 , pp. 39-43
    • Magnus, K.G.1    Hoffman, E.B.2
  • 95
    • 0034879860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MR imaging of tuberculous vertebral osteomyelitis: pictorial review
    • Gouliamos A.D., Kehagias D.T., Lahanis S., et al. MR imaging of tuberculous vertebral osteomyelitis: pictorial review. Eur Radiol 2001, 11:575-579.
    • (2001) Eur Radiol , vol.11 , pp. 575-579
    • Gouliamos, A.D.1    Kehagias, D.T.2    Lahanis, S.3
  • 96
    • 2442683199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discrimination of tuberculous spondylitis from pyogenic spondylitis on MRI
    • Jung N.Y., Jee W.H., Ha K.Y., et al. Discrimination of tuberculous spondylitis from pyogenic spondylitis on MRI. Am J Roentgenol 2004, 182:1405-1410.
    • (2004) Am J Roentgenol , vol.182 , pp. 1405-1410
    • Jung, N.Y.1    Jee, W.H.2    Ha, K.Y.3
  • 97
    • 0035074607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imaging of musculoskeletal and spinal tuberculosis
    • Moore S.L., Rafii M. Imaging of musculoskeletal and spinal tuberculosis. Radiol Clin North Am 2001, 39:329-342.
    • (2001) Radiol Clin North Am , vol.39 , pp. 329-342
    • Moore, S.L.1    Rafii, M.2
  • 98
    • 0028069287 scopus 로고
    • MRI in intraspinal tuberculosis
    • Gupta R.K., Gupta S., Kumar S., et al. MRI in intraspinal tuberculosis. Neuroradiology 1994, 36:39-43.
    • (1994) Neuroradiology , vol.36 , pp. 39-43
    • Gupta, R.K.1    Gupta, S.2    Kumar, S.3
  • 99
    • 0032471927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spinal cord infection: myelitis and abscess formation
    • Murphy K.J., Brunberg J.A., Quint D.J., et al. Spinal cord infection: myelitis and abscess formation. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1998, 19:341-348.
    • (1998) AJNR Am J Neuroradiol , vol.19 , pp. 341-348
    • Murphy, K.J.1    Brunberg, J.A.2    Quint, D.J.3
  • 100
    • 0005723917 scopus 로고
    • Spinal cord complications of tuberculous meningitis; a clinical and pathological study
    • Brooks W.D., Fletcher A.P., Wilson R.R. Spinal cord complications of tuberculous meningitis; a clinical and pathological study. Q J Med 1954, 23:275-290.
    • (1954) Q J Med , vol.23 , pp. 275-290
    • Brooks, W.D.1    Fletcher, A.P.2    Wilson, R.R.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.