Rural-urban disparities in the prevalence of diabetes and coronary heart disease

Public Health

Volumn 126, Issue 10, 2012, Pages 813-820

  O'Connor, A ^a   Wellenius, G ^b  

^a DARTMOUTH MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^b BROWN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Coronary heart disease; Diabetes; Health disparity; Rural; Socio economic status

Indexed keywords

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CROSS SECTION; DIABETES; HEALTH RISK; LOGISTICS; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; RISK FACTOR; RURAL AREA; RURAL-URBAN COMPARISON; SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; BODY MASS; CHRONIC DISEASE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; DIABETES MELLITUS; ETHNICITY; FEMALE; HEALTH CARE DISPARITY; HUMAN; INCOME; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; OBESITY; POVERTY; PREVALENCE; RISK FACTOR; SMOKING; URBAN RURAL DIFFERENCE;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; CORONARY DISEASE; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; DIABETES MELLITUS; FEMALE; HEALTH STATUS DISPARITIES; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; POVERTY; PREVALENCE; RISK FACTORS; RURAL HEALTH; UNITED STATES; URBAN HEALTH; YOUNG ADULT;

NICOTIANA TABACUM;

EID: 84868212729     PISSN: 00333506     EISSN: 14765616     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2012.05.029     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Diabetes data and trends. US Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta. Available at: ; 2011. [last accessed 8.02.12]. http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/statistics/prev/national/figpersons.htm.
2. US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Diabetes data and trends: estimates. US Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta. Available at: ; 2012. [last accessed 8.02.12]. http://apps.nccd.cdc.gov/DDT_STRS2/FAQ.aspx%23estimates.
3. US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Diabetes. CDC. National Center for Health Statistics, Atlanta. Available at: ; 2012. [last accessed 12.02.12]. http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/diabetes.htm.
4. American Diabetes Association Economic costs of diabetes in the US in 2002. Diabetes Care 2003, 2:917-932.
5. American Diabetes Association. Type 2 diabetes complications. American Diabetes Association, Alexandria, VA. Available at: ; 2012. [last accessed 10.11.10]. http://www.diabetes.org/type-2-diabetes/complications.jsp.
6. American Diabetes Association Economic costs of diabetes in the US in 2007. Diabetes Care 2008, 31:596-615.
7. US Department of Health and Human Services. National diabetes information clearinghouse: diabetes in select US populations. US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD. Available at: ; 2011. [last accessed 12.02.12]. http://diabetes.niddk.nih.gov/statistics/index.aspx.
8. National Institutes of Health. National diabetes statistics, 2011. US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda. Available at: ; 2011. [last accessed 12.02.12]. http://diabetes.niddk.nih.gov/DM/PUBS/statistics/%23race.
9. US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Percentage of civilian, noninstitutionalized population with diagnosed diabetes, by age, United States, 1980-2008. US Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta. Available at: ; 2010 [last accessed 10.11.10]. http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/statistics/prev/national/figbyage.htm.
10. US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Prevalence of diabetes by gender. US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta. Available at: ; 2010 [last accessed 10.11.10]. http://www.health.gov/communication/ehealth/ehealthtools/appendix4/figure4.htm.
11. Robbins J.M., Vaccarino V., Zhang H., Kasl S.V. Socioeconomic status and type 2 diabetes in African-American and non-Hispanic white women and men: evidence from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Am J Public Health 2001, 91:76-83.
12. Signorello L.B., Schlundt D.G., Cohen S.S., Steinwandel M.D., Buchowski M.S., McLaughlin J.K., et al. Comparing diabetes prevalence between African Americans and Whites of similar socioeconomic status. Am J Public Health 2007, 97:2260-2267.
13. Piette J.D., Wagner T.H., Potter M.B., Schillinger D. Health insurance status, cost-related medication underuse, and outcomes among diabetes patients in three systems of care. Med Care 2004, 42:102-109.
14. Saydah S., Lochner K. Socioeconomic status and risk of diabetes-related mortality in the US. Public Health Rep 2010, 125:377-388.
15. Connolly V., Unwin N., Sherriff P., Bilous R., Kelly W. Diabetes prevalence and socioeconomic status: a population based study showing increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in deprived areas. J Epidemiol Community Health 2000, 54:173-177.
16. Dalstra J.A., Kunst A.E., Borrell C., Breeze E., Cambois E., Costa G., et al. Socioeconomic differences in the prevalence of common diseases: an overview of eight European countries. Int J Epidemiol 2005, 34:316-326.
17. Evans J.M., Newton R.W., Ruta D.A., MacDonald T.M., Morris A.D. Socio-economic status, obesity and prevalence of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med 2000, 17:478-480.
18. Glover J.D., Hetzel D.M., Tennant S.K. The socioeconomic gradient and chronic illness and associated risk factors in Australia. Aust New Zealand Health Policy 2004, 1:8. 10.1186/1743-8462-1-8.
19. Kumari M., Head J., Marmot M. Prospective study of social and other risk factors for incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Whitehall II study. Arch Intern Med 2004, 164:1873-1880.
20. Whitford D.L., Griffin S.J., Prevost A.T. Influences on the variation in prevalence of type 2 diabetes between general practices: practice, patient or socioeconomic factors?. Br J Gen Pract 2002, 52:9-14.
21. Jotkowitz A.B., Rabinowitz G., Raskin Segal A., Weitzman R., Epstein L., Porath A. Do patients with diabetes and low socioeconomic status receive less care and have worse outcomes? A national study. Am J Med 2006, 119:665-669.
22. Bachmann M.O., Eachus J., Hopper C.D., Davey Smith G., Propper C., Pearson N.J., et al. Socio-economic inequalities in diabetes complications, control attitudes and health service use: a cross sectional study. Diabet Med 2003, 20:921-929.
23. Rabi D.M., Edwards A.L., Svenson L.W., Sargious P.M., Norton P., Larsen E.T., et al. Clinical and medication profiles stratified by household income in patients referred for diabetes care. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2007, 6:11. 10.1186/1475-2840-6-11.
24. Roper N.A., Bilous R.W., Kelly W.F., Unwin N.C., Connolly V.M. Excess mortality in a population with diabetes and the impact of material deprivation: longitudinal, population based study. BMJ 2001, 322:1389-1393.
25. Lipscombe L.L., Austin P.C., Manuel D.G., Shah B.R., Hux J.E., Booth G.L. Income-related differences in mortality among people with diabetes mellitus. Can Med Assoc J 2010, 182:E1-E17.
26. US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Heart disease facts. US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta. Available at: ; 2011 [last accessed 8.02.12]. http://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/facts.htm.
27. Schiller J.S., Lucas J.W., Ward B.W., Peregoy J.A. Summary health statistics for U.S. adults: National Health Interview Survey, 2010. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat 2012, 10(252):1-207.
28. Trogdon J.G., Finkelstein E.A., Nwaise I.A., Tangka F.K., Orenstein D. The economic burden of chronic cardiovascular disease for major insurers. Health Promot Pract 2007, 8:234-242.
29. American Heart Association. Coronary Artery Disease - The ABCs of CAD. Available at: ; [last accessed 16.06.12]. http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/More/MyHeartandStrokeNews/Coronary-Artery-Disease-%13The-ABCs-of-CAD_UCM_436416_Article.jsp.
30. US Department of Health and Human Services. Heart disease and African Americans. Office of Minority Health, Rockville, MD. Available at: ; 2010 [last accessed 10.11.10]. http://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/templates/content.aspx?ID=3018.
31. Pleis J.R., Ward B.W., Lucas J.W. Summary health statistics for U.S. adults: national health interview survey, 2009. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat 10 2010, 249.
32. Diez-Roux A.V., Nieto F.J., Tyroler H.A., Crum L.D., Szklo M. Social inequalities and atherosclerosis. The atherosclerosis risk in communities study. Am J Epidemiol 1995, 141:960-972.
33. Diez Roux A.V., Merkin S.S., Arnett D., Chambless L., Massing M., Nieto F.J., et al. Neighborhood of residence and incidence of coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med 2001, 345:99-106.
34. Bucher H.C., Ragland D.R. Socioeconomic indicators and mortality from coronary heart disease and cancer: a 22-year follow-up of middle-aged men. Am J Public Health 1995, 85:1231-1237.
35. Ferrie J.E., Martikainen P., Shipley M.J., Marmot M.G. Self-reported economic difficulties and coronary events in men: evidence from the Whitehall II study. Int J Epidemiol 2005, 34:640-648.
36. Laszlo K.D., Janszky I., Ahnve S. Income and recurrent events after a coronary event in women. Eur J Epidemiol 2008, 23:669-680.
37. Fiscella K., Tancredi D., Franks P. Adding socioeconomic status to Framingham scoring to reduce disparities in coronary risk assessment. Am Heart J 2009, 157:988-994.
38. Krishna S., Gillespie K.N., McBride T.M. Diabetes burden and access to preventive care in the rural United States. J Rural Health 2010, 26:3-11.
39. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Health care disparities in rural areas. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD. Available at: ; 2005 [last accessed 27.03.11]. http://www.ahrq.gov/research/ruraldisp/ruraldispar.pdf.
40. Lundy K.S., Janes S. Community health nursing: caring for the public's health 2009, Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Sudbury, MA. 2nd ed.
41. Hosmer D.W., Lemeshow S.L. Applied logistic regression 2000, John Wiley & Sons, New York. 2nd ed.
42. Coburn AF, MacKinney AC, McBride TD, Mueller KJ, Slifkin RT, Ziller E. Assuring health coverage for rural people through health reform. Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Princeton, NJ. Available at: ; 2009 [last accessed 12.03.12]. http://www.rwjf.org/files/research/50808.pdf.
43. Halverson JA, Ma L, Harner EJ. An analysis of disparities in health status and access to health care in the Appalachian region. The Appalachian Regional Commission, Washington, DC. Available at: ; 2004 [last accessed 31.01.12]. http://www.arc.gov/assets/research_reports/AnalysisofHealthDisparitiesIntroductionExecutiveSummary.pdf.
44. Rural Assistance Center. Obesity and weight control. Rural Assistance Center, Grand Forks, ND. Available at: ; 2012 [last accessed 26.03.11]. http://www.raconline.org/info_guides/obesity/.
45. Thompson M.J., Hagopian A., Forduce M., Hart L.G. Do international medical graduates (IMGs) 'fill the gap' in rural primary care in the United States? A national study. J Rural Health 2009, 25:124-134.
46. American Academy of Family Physicians. Rural practice: graduate medical education for (position paper). American Academy of Family Physicians, Leawood, KS. Available at: ; 2008 [last accessed 27.03.11]. http://www.aafp.org/online/en/home/policy/policies/r/fammedruralpractice.html.
47. American Academy of Family Physicians. Rural practice, keeping physicians in (position paper). American Academy of Family Physicians, Leawood, KS. Available at: ; 2009 [last accessed 26.03.11]. http://www.aafp.org/online/en/home/policy/policies/r/ruralpracticekeep.html.
48. Ballance D., Kornegay D., Evans P. Factors influencing physicians to practice in rural locations: a review and commentary. J Rural Health 2009, 25:276-281.
49. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Health Resources and Services Administration. The registered nurse population. Available at: ; [last accessed 16.06.12]. http://bhpr.hrsa.gov/healthworkforce/rnsurveys/rnsurveyinitial2008.pdf.
50. Kippenbrock T., Stacy A., Gilbert-Palmer D. Educational strategies to enhance placement and retention of nurse practitioners in rural Arkansas. J Am Acad Nurse Pract 2004, 16:139-143.
51. Lindsay S. Gender differences in rural and urban practice location among mid-level health care providers. J Rural Health 2007, 23:72-76.
52. Hanrahan N.P., Hartley D. Employment of advanced-practice psychiatric nurses to stem rural mental health workforce shortages. Psychiatr Serv 2008, 59:109-111.