Meta-analysis of comparison of effectiveness of lowering apolipoprotein B versus low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and nonhigh-density lipoprotein cholesterol for cardiovascular risk reduction in randomized trials

American Journal of Cardiology

Volumn 110, Issue 10, 2012, Pages 1468-1476

  Robinson, Jennifer G ^a   Wang, Songfeng ^b   Jacobson, Terry A ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF IOWA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA   (United States)

^c EMORY UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

APOLIPOPROTEIN B; ATORVASTATIN; BEZAFIBRATE; COLESTIPOL; COLESTYRAMINE; EZETIMIBE; FENOFIBRATE; FIBRIC ACID DERIVATIVE; GEMFIBROZIL; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; MEVINOLIN; NICOTINIC ACID; PRAVASTATIN; ROSUVASTATIN; SIMVASTATIN; VERY LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL;

ARTICLE; BLOOD PRESSURE; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; DRUG DOSE COMPARISON; HEART INFARCTION; HEART MUSCLE REVASCULARIZATION; HUMAN; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; META ANALYSIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); RISK REDUCTION;

APOLIPOPROTEINS B; BAYES THEOREM; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; CHOLESTEROL; CHOLESTEROL, LDL; HUMANS; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL-COA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS; INCIDENCE; LIPOPROTEINS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS AS TOPIC; WORLD HEALTH;

EID: 84868201763     PISSN: 00029149     EISSN: 18791913     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2012.07.007     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. V. Ramjee, L.S. Sperling, T.A. Jacobson Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol versus apolipoprotein B in cardiovascular risk stratification: do the math J Am Coll Cardiol 58 2011 457 463
2. E. Di Angelantonio, N. Sarwar, P. Perry, S. Kaptoge, K.K. Ray, A. Thompson, A.M. Wood, S. Lewington, N. Sattar, C.J. Packard, R. Collins, S.G. Thompson, J. Danesh Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration Major lipids, apolipoproteins, and risk of vascular disease JAMA 302 2009 1993 2000
3. S.M. Boekholdt, B.J. Arsenault, S. Mora, T.R. Pedersen, J.C. LaRosa, P.J. Nestel, R.J. Simes, P. Durrington, G.A. Hitman, K.M. Welch, D.A. DeMicco, A.H. Zwinderman, M.B. Clearfield, J.R. Downs, A.M. Tonkin, H.M. Colhoun, A.M. Gotto, P.M. Ridker, J.J. Kastelein Association of LDL cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B levels with risk of cardiovascular events among patients treated with statins: a meta-analysis JAMA 307 2012 1302 1309
4. J.G. Robinson, B. Smith, N. Maheshwari, H. Schrott Pleiotropic effects of statins: benefit beyond cholesterol reduction? A meta-regression analysis J Am Coll Cardiol 46 2005 1855 1862 (Pubitemid 41579807)
5. Cholesterol Treatment Trialists' (CTT) Collaborators Efficacy and safety of cholesterol-lowering treatment: prospective meta-analysis of data from 90,056 participants in 14 randomised trials of statins Lancet 366 2005 1267 1278
6. P. Amarenco, J. Bogousslavsky, A. Callahan, L.B. Goldstein, M. Hennerici, A.E. Rudolph, H. Sillesen, L. Simunovic, M. Szarek, K.M. Welch, J.A. Zivin Stroke Prevention by Aggressive Reduction in Cholesterol Levels (SPARCL) Investigators High-dose atorvastatin after stroke or transient ischemic attack N Engl J Med 355 2006 549 559 (Pubitemid 44202151)
7. C. Baigent, L. Blackwell, J. Emberson, L.E. Holland, C. Reith, N. Bhala, R. Peto, E.H. Barnes, A. Keech, J. Simes, R. Collins Cholesterol Treatment Trialists' (CTT) Collaboration Efficacy and safety of more intensive lowering of LDL cholesterol: a meta-analysis of data from 170,000 participants in 26 randomised trials Lancet 376 2010 1670 1681
8. T.C. Smith, D.J. Spiegelhalter, A. Thomas Bayesian approaches to random-effects meta-analysis: a comparative study Stat Med 14 1995 2685 2699 (Pubitemid 26014258)
9. D.J. Spiegelhalter, J.P. Myles, D.R. Jones, K.R. Abrams Methods in health service research An introduction to bayesian methods in health technology assessment BMJ 319 1999 508 512 (Pubitemid 29391365)
10. S. Chib Marginal likelihood from the Gibbs output J Am Stat Assoc 90 1995 1313 1321 (Pubitemid 126093144)
11. R. Kass, A. Raftery Bayes factors J Am Stat Assoc 90 1995 773 795
12. D. Spiegelhalter, N. Best, B. Carlin, A. Van der Linde Bayesian measures of model complexity and fit (with discussion) J R Stat Soc B Stat Methodol 64 2002 583 616
13. G. Schwarzer Meta-Analysis R Package Version 0.8-2. 2007 http://cran.hu.rproject.org/doc/packages/meta.pdf Accessed on June 2008
14. Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study G Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S) Lancet 344 1994 1383 1389
15. J. Shepherd, S.M. Cobbe, I. Ford, C.G. Isles, A.R. Lorimer, P.W. Macfarlane, J.H. McKillop, C.J. Packard West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study Group Prevention of coronary heart disease with pravastatin in men with hypercholesterolemia West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study Group N Engl J Med 333 1995 1301 1307
16. Long-term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischaemic Disease (LIPID) Study Group Prevention of cardiovascular events and death with pravastatin in patients with coronary heart disease and a broad range of initial cholesterol levels The Long-Term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischaemic Disease (LIPID) Study Group N Engl J Med 339 1998 1349 1357
17. J.R. Downs, M. Clearfield, S. Weis, E. Whitney, D.R. Shapiro, P.A. Beere, A. Langendorfer, E.A. Stein, W. Kruyer, A.M. Gotto AFCAPS TexCAPS Research Group Primary prevention of acute coronary events with lovastatin in men and women with average cholesterol levels: results of AFCAPS/TexCAPS Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study JAMA 279 1998 1615 1622 (Pubitemid 28248586)
18. Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20,536 high-risk individuals: a randomised placebo-controlled trial Lancet 360 2002 7 22
19. H.M. Colhoun, D.J. Betteridge, P.N. Durrington, G.A. Hitman, H.A. Neil, S.J. Livingstone, M.J. Thomason, M.I. Mackness, V. Charlton-Menys, J.H. Fuller CARDS Investigators Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with atorvastatin in type 2 diabetes in the Collaborative Atorvastatin Diabetes Study (CARDS): multicentre randomised placebo-controlled trial Lancet 364 2004 685 696 (Pubitemid 39140624)
20. T.R. Pedersen, O. Faergeman, J.J. Kastelein, A.G. Olsson, M.J. Tikkanen, I. Holme, M.L. Larsen, F.S. Bendiksen, C. Lindahl, M. Szarek, J. Tsai Incremental Decrease in End Points Through Aggressive Lipid Lowering (IDEAL) Study Group High-dose atorvastatin vs usual-dose simvastatin for secondary prevention after myocardial infarction: the IDEAL study: a randomized controlled trial JAMA 294 2005 2437 2445 (Pubitemid 41627921)
21. C.P. Cannon, E. Braunwald, C.H. McCabe, D.J. Rader, J.L. Rouleau, R. Belder, S.V. Joyal, K.A. Hill, M.A. Pfeffer, A.M. Skene Pravastatin or Atorvastatin Evaluation and Infection Therapy-Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction 22 Investigators Intensive versus moderate lipid lowering with statins after acute coronary syndromes N Engl J Med 350 2004 1495 1504
22. P.M. Ridker, E. Danielson, F.A. Fonseca, J. Genest, A.M. Gotto Jr, J.J. Kastelein, W. Koenig, P. Libby, A.J. Lorenzatti, J.G. MacFadyen, B.G. Nordestgaard, J. Shepherd, J.T. Willerson, R.J. Glynn JUPITER Study Group Rosuvastatin to prevent vascular events in men and women with elevated C-reactive protein N Engl J Med 359 2008 2195 2207
23. J. Armitage, L. Bowman, K. Wallendszus, R. Bulbulia, K. Rahimi, R. Haynes, S. Parish, R. Peto, R. Collins Study of the Effectiveness of Additional Reductions in Cholesterol and Homocysteine (SEARCH) Collaborative Group Intensive lowering of LDL cholesterol with 80 mg versus 20 mg simvastatin daily in 12,064 survivors of myocardial infarction: a double-blind randomised trial Lancet 376 2010 1658 1669
24. Post Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Trial Investigators The effect of aggressive lowering of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and low-dose anticoagulation on obstructive changes in saphenous-vein coronary-artery bypass grafts The Post Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Trial Investigators N Engl J Med 336 1997 153 162
25. J.C. LaRosa, S.M. Grundy, D.D. Waters, C. Shear, P. Barter, J.C. Fruchart, A.M. Gotto, H. Greten, J.J. Kastelein, J. Shepherd, N.K. Wenger Treating to New Targets (TNT) Investigators Intensive lipid lowering with atorvastatin in patients with stable coronary disease N Engl J Med 352 2005 1425 1435 (Pubitemid 40471450)
26. S.M. Haffner, C.M. Alexander, T.J. Cook, S.J. Boccuzzi, T.A. Musliner, T.R. Pedersen, J. Kjekshus, K. Pyörälä Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study Group Reduced coronary events in simvastatin-treated patients with coronary heart disease and diabetes or impaired fasting glucose levels: subgroup analyses in the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study Arch Intern Med 159 1999 2661 2667
27. R.J. Simes, I.C. Marschner, D. Hunt, D. Colquhoun, D. Sullivan, R.A. Stewart, W. Hague, A. Keech, P. Thompson, H. White, J. Shaw, A. Tonkin LIPID Study Investigators Relationship between lipid levels and clinical outcomes in the Long-term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischemic Disease (LIPID) trial: to what extent is the reduction in coronary events with pravastatin explained by on-study lipid levels? Circulation 105 2002 1162 1169 (Pubitemid 34225815)
28. A.M. Gotto Jr, E. Whitney, E.A. Stein, D.R. Shapiro, M. Clearfield, S. Weis, J.Y. Jou, A. Langendörfer, P.A. Beere, D.J. Watson, J.R. Downs, J.S. de Cani Relation between baseline and on-treatment lipid parameters and first acute major coronary events in the Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study (AFCAPS/TexCAPS) Circulation 101 2000 477 484 (Pubitemid 30080860)
29. I. Holme, N.B. Cater, O. Faergeman, J.J. Kastelein, A.G. Olsson, M.J. Tikkanen, M.L. Larsen, C. Lindahl, T.R. Pedersen Lipid-Lowering Study Group Lipoprotein predictors of cardiovascular events in statin-treated patients with coronary heart disease Insights from the Incremental Decrease in End-points through Aggressive Lipid-Lowering Trial (IDEAL) Ann Med 40 2008 456 464
30. L.B. Goldstein, P. Amarenco, M. LaMonte, S. Gilbert, M. Messig, A. Callahan, M. Hennerici, H. Sillesen, K.M. Welch SPARCL Investigators Relative effects of statin therapy on stroke and cardiovascular events in men and women: secondary analysis of the Stroke Prevention by Aggressive Reduction in Cholesterol Levels (SPARCL) study Stroke 39 2008 2444 2448
31. K.K. Ray, C.P. Cannon, R. Cairns, D.A. Morrow, P.M. Ridker, E. Braunwald Prognostic utility of apoB/AI, total cholesterol/HDL, non-HDL cholesterol, or hs-CRP as predictors of clinical risk in patients receiving statin therapy after acute coronary syndromes: results from PROVE IT-TIMI 22 Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 29 2009 424 430
32. M.D. Roberts Crestor (rosuvastatin calcium) nda 21-336 JUPITER Endocrinologic and Metabolic Drugs Advisory Meeting 2009 Food and Drug Administration Washington, DC www.fda.gov/./AdvisoryCommittees/ CommitteesMeetingMaterials/Drugs/ EndocrinologicandMetabolicDrugsAdvisoryCommittee/UCM194918.pdf Available at: Accessed on December 2011
33. SEARCH Study Collaborative Group Study of the Effectiveness of Additional Reductions in Cholesterol and Homocysteine (SEARCH): characteristics of a randomized trial among 12,064 myocardial infarction survivors Am Heart J 154 2007 815 823
34. P. Alaupovic, J.D. Fesmire, D. Hunnighake, M. Domanski, S. Forman, G.L. Knatterud, J. Forrester, J.A. Herd, B. Hoogwerf, L. Campeau, F.L. Gobel The effect of aggressive and moderate lowering of LDL-cholesterol and low dose anticoagulation on plasma lipids, apolipoproteins and lipoprotein families in post coronary artery bypass graft trial Atherosclerosis 146 1999 369 379 (Pubitemid 29418069)
35. T.R. Pedersen, A.G. Olsson, O. Faergeman, J. Kjekshus, H. Wedel, K. Berg, L. Wilhelmsen, T. Haghfelt, G. Thorgeirsson, K. Pyörälä, T. Miettinen, B. Christophersen, J.A. Tobert, T.A. Musliner, T.J. Cook Lipoprotein changes and reduction in the incidence of major coronary heart disease events in the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S) Circulation 97 1998 1453 1460 (Pubitemid 28191300)
36. H.B. Rubins, S.J. Robins, D. Collins, C.L. Fye, J.W. Anderson, M.B. Elam, F.H. Faas, E. Linares, E.J. Schaefer, G. Schectman, T.J. Wilt, J. Wittes Gemfibrozil for the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in men with low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol Veterans Affairs High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Intervention Trial Study Group N Engl J Med 341 1999 410 418 (Pubitemid 29362514)
37. FIELD Study Investigators Effects of long-term fenofibrate therapy on cardiovascular events in 9795 people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (the FIELD study): randomised controlled trial Lancet 366 2005 1849 1861
38. DAIS Study Group Effect of fenofibrate on progression of coronary-artery disease in type 2 diabetes: the Diabetes Atherosclerosis Intervention Study, a randomised study Lancet 357 2001 905 910
39. R.S. Elkeles, J.R. Diamond, C. Poulter, S. Dhanjl, A.N. Nicolaides, S. Mahmood, W. Richmond, H. Mather, P. Sharp, M.D. Feher Cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabets A double-blind placebo-controlled study of bezafibrate: the St. Mary's, Ealing, Northwick Park Diabetes Cardiovascular Disease Prevention (SENDCAP) Study Diabetes Care 21 1998 641 648 (Pubitemid 28172949)
40. S.J. Robins, D. Collins, J.T. Wittes, V. Papademetriou, P.C. Deedwania, E.J. Schaefer, J.R. McNamara, M.L. Kashyap, J.M. Hershman, L.F. Wexler, H.B. Rubins Veterans Affairs High-Density Lipoprotein Intervention Trial, for the VA-HIT Study Group Relation of gemfibrozil treatment and lipid levels with major coronary events: VA-HIT: a randomized controlled trial JAMA 285 2001 1585 1591 (Pubitemid 32240250)
41. M.R. Taskinen, P.J. Barter, C. Ehnholm, D.R. Sullivan, K. Mann, J. Simes, J.D. Best, S. Hamwood, A.C. Keech FIELD Study Investigators Ability of traditional lipid ratios and apolipoprotein ratios to predict cardiovascular risk in people with type 2 diabetes Diabetologia 53 2010 1846 1855
42. J. Vakkilainen, G. Steiner, J.C. Ansquer, F. Aubin, S. Rattier, C. Foucher, A. Hamsten, M.R. Taskinen DAIS Group Relationships between low-density lipoprotein particle size, plasma lipoproteins, and progression of coronary artery disease: the Diabetes Atherosclerosis Intervention Study (DAIS) Circulation 107 2003 1733 1737 (Pubitemid 36418352)
43. G. Brown, J.J. Albers, L.D. Fisher, S.M. Schaefer, J.T. Lin, C. Kaplan, X.Q. Zhao, B.D. Bisson, V.F. Fitzpatrick, H.T. Dodge Regression of coronary artery disease as a result of intensive lipid-lowering therapy in men with high levels of apolipoprotein B N Engl J Med 323 1990 1289 1298 (Pubitemid 20364735)
44. L. Cashin-Hemphill, W.J. Mack, J.M. Pogoda, M.E. Sanmarco, S.P. Azen, D.H. Blankenhorn Beneficial effects of colestipol-niacin on coronary atherosclerosis A 4-year follow-up JAMA 264 1990 3013 3017
45. F.M. Sacks, R.C. Pasternak, C.M. Gibson, B. Rosner, P.H. Stone Effect on coronary atherosclerosis of decrease in plasma cholesterol concentrations in normocholesterolaemic patients Harvard Atherosclerosis Reversibility Project (HARP) Group Lancet 344 1994 1182 1186 (Pubitemid 24323706)
46. B.G. Brown, X.Q. Zhao, A. Chait, L.D. Fisher, M.C. Cheung, J.S. Morse, A.A. Dowdy, E.K. Marino, E.L. Bolson, P. Alaupovic, J. Frohlich, L. Serafini, E. Huss-Frechette, S. Wang, D. DeAngelis, A. Dodek, J.J. Albers Simvastatin and niacin, antioxidant vitamins, or the combination for the prevention of coronary disease N Engl J Med 345 2001 1583 1592 (Pubitemid 33126837)
47. A.B. Rossebo, T.R. Pedersen, K. Boman, P. Brudi, J.B. Chambers, K. Egstrup, E. Gerdts, C. Gohlke-Bärwolf, I. Holme, Y.A. Kesäniemi, W. Malbecq, C.A. Nienaber, S. Ray, T. Skjaerpe, K. Wachtell, R. Willenheimer SEAS Investigators Intensive lipid lowering with simvastatin and ezetimibe in aortic stenosis N Engl J Med 359 2008 1343 1356
48. Sharp Collaborative Group Study of Heart and Renal Protection (SHARP): randomized trial to assess the effects of lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol among 9,438 patients with chronic kidney disease Am Heart J 160 2010 785 794
49. I. Holme, R. Fayyad, O. Faergeman, J.J. Kastelein, A.G. Olsson, M.J. Tikkanen, M.L. Larsen, C. Lindahl, H. Holdaas, T.R. Pedersen Incremental Decrease in End Points Through Aggressive Lipid Lowering Study Group Cardiovascular outcomes and their relationships to lipoprotein components in patients with and without chronic kidney disease: results from the IDEAL trial J Intern Med 267 2010 567 575
50. B.V. Howard, M.J. Roman, R.B. Devereux, J.L. Fleg, J.M. Galloway, J.A. Henderson, W.J. Howard, E.T. Lee, M. Mete, B. Poolaw, R.E. Ratner, M. Russell, A. Silverman, M. Stylianou, J.G. Umans, W. Wang, M.R. Weir, N.J. Weissman, C. Wilson, F. Yeh, J. Zhu Effect of lower targets for blood pressure and LDL cholesterol on atherosclerosis in diabetes: the SANDS randomized trial JAMA 299 2008 1678 1689 (Pubitemid 351519865)
51. W.J. Howard, M. Russell, J.L. Fleg, M. Mete, T. Ali, R.B. Devereux, J.M. Galloway, J.D. Otvos, R.E. Ratner, M.J. Roman, A. Silverman, J.G. Umans, N.J. Weissman, C. Wilson, B.V. Howard Prevention of atherosclerosis with LDL-C lowering - lipoprotein changes and interactions: the SANDS study J Clin Lipidol 3 2009 322 331
52. H. Buchwald, R.L. Varco, J.P. Matts, J.M. Long, L.L. Fitch, G.S. Campbell, M.B. Pearce, A.E. Yellin, W.A. Edmiston, R.D. Smink Effect of partial ileal bypass surgery on mortality and morbidity from coronary heart disease in patients with hypercholesterolemia Report of the Program On the Surgical Control of the Hyperlipidemias (POSCH) N Engl J Med 323 1990 946 955 (Pubitemid 20332334)
53. C. Campos, J. Matts, L. Fitch, J. Speech, J. Long, H. Buchwald Comparison of lipoprotein results in men and women after partial ileal bypass for hyperchoelsterolemia Surg Forum 39 1988 193 195
54. H. Buchwald, J. Matts, L. Fitch, R. Varco, G. Campbell, M. Pearce, A. Yellin, R.J. Smink, H.J. Sawin, C. Campos Program on the Surgical Control of the Hyperlipidemias (POSCH): design and methodology POSCH group J Clin Epidemiol 42 1989 1111 1127 (Pubitemid 20018449)
55. V.L. Roger, A.S. Go, D.M. Lloyd-Jones, E.J. Benjamin, J.D. Berry, W.B. Borden, D.M. Bravata, S. Dai, E.S. Ford, C.S. Fox, H.J. Fullerton, C. Gillespie, S.M. Hailpern, J.A. Heit, V.J. Howard, B.M. Kissela, S.J. Kittner, D.T. Lackland, J.H. Lichtman, L.D. Lisabeth, D.M. Makuc, G.M. Marcus, A. Marelli, D.B. Matchar, C.S. Moy, D. Mozaffarian, M.E. Mussolino, G. Nichol, N.P. Paynter, E.Z. Soliman, P.D. Sorlie, N. Sotoodehnia, T.N. Turan, S.S. Virani, N.D. Wong, D. Woo, M.B. Turner, J. Wylie-Rosett American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee Heart disease and stroke statistics - 2011 update: a report from the American Heart Association Circulation 123 2011 e18 e209
56. J.J. Kastelein, W.A. van der Steeg, I. Holme, M. Gaffney, N.B. Cater, P. Barter, P. Deedwania, A.G. Olsson, S.M. Boekholdt, D.A. DeMicco, M. Szarek, J.C. LaRosa, T.R. Pedersen, S.M. Grundy TNT Study Group, IDEAL Study Group Lipids, apolipoproteins, and their ratios in relation to cardiovascular events with statin treatment Circulation 117 2008 3002 3009
57. H.N. Ginsberg, M.B. Elam, L.C. Lovato, J.R. Crouse, L.A. Leiter, P. Linz, W.T. Friedewald, J.B. Buse, H.C. Gerstein, J. Probstfield, R.H. Grimm, F. Ismail-Beigi, J.T. Bigger, D.C. Goff, W.C. Cushman, D.G. Simons-Morton, R.P. Byington ACCORD Study Group Effects of combination lipid therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus N Engl J Med 362 2010 1563 1574