A finite element model of skin deformation. I. biomechanics of skin and soft tissue: A review

Laryngoscope

Volumn 96, Issue 4, 1986, Pages 399-405

  Larrabee, Wayne F ^a  

^a BENAROYA RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84868201507     PISSN: 0023852X     EISSN: 15314995     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Zeis, E.: The Zeis Index: In: History of Plastic Surgery 900 BC to 1863 AD. Williams & Wilkins Company, Baltimore, pp. 78-83, 1977.
2. Thacker, J. G., Iachetta, F. A., Allaire, P. E., et al. Biomechanical Properties of Skin: Their Influence on Planning Surgical Excisions. In: Symposium on Basic Science and Plastic Surgery. Vol. 15. C. V. Mosby Co., St. Louis, pp. 105-107, 1976.
3. Dupuytren, J. F.: Traite theorique et practique des blessure par armes de guerre, Vol. 1. J. B. Bailleu, Paris, 1834.
4. Langer, A. K.: Zur Anatomie und Physiologie der Haut: uber die Spaltbarkeit der Cortis. SB Akad Wiss Wien, 44:19, 1861.
5. Kocher, T.: Chirurgische Operationlehre. Gustav Fisher, Jena, 1907.
6. Cox, H. T.: The Cleavage Lines of the Skin. Br. J. Surg., 29: 234-240, 1941.
7. Borges, A. F.: Elective Incisions and Scar Revision. Little, Brown & Co., Boston, 1973.
8. Limberg, A. A.: Mathematical Principles of Local Plastic Procedures on the Surface of the Human Body. Medgig, Leningrad, 1946.
9. Limberg, A. A.: Design of Local Skin Flaps. In: Modern Trends in Plastic Surgery. T. Gibson (Ed.). Butterworths & Co., Ltd., London, pp. 38-61, 1966.
10. McGregor, I. A.: The Theoretical Basis of the Z-Plasty. Br, J. Blast, Surg., 9:256-259, 1957.
11. Koss, N. and Bullock, J. D.: A Mathematical Analysis of the Rhomboid Flap. Surg. Gynecol. Obstet., 141:439-442, 1975.
12. Koss, N.: The Mathematics of Flaps. In: Symposium on Basic Science and Plastic Surgery. T. J. Krizek (Ed.). C. V. Mosby Co., St. Louis, pp. 274-283, 1976.
13. Fung, Y. C.: Biomechanics: Mechanical Properties of Living Tissue. Springer Verlag, New York, pp. 22-61, 1981.
14. Zienkiewicz, O. C.: The Finite Method in Engineering Science. McGraw-Hill, New York, pp. 1-14, 1977.
15. Jamison, C. E., Marangoni, R. D. and Glaser, A. A.: Viscoelastic Properties of Soft Tissues by Discrete Model Characteristics. J. Eng. Ind., 67:239-245, 1968.
16. Tregear, R. T.: Physical Functions of Skin. Academic Press, London, p. 87, 1966.
17. Marangoni, R. D., Glaser, A. A., Must, J. S., et al.: Effect of Storage and Handling Techniques on Skin Tissue Properties. Ann. NY Acad Sci., 136:439-454, 1966.
18. Craik, J. E. and McNeil, I. R. R.: Histological Studies of Stressed Skin. In: Biomechanics and Related Bio-Engineering Topics. R. M. Kenedi (Ed.). Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp. 159-164, 1967.
19. Abrahams, M.: The Mechanical Behavior of Tendon Collagen Fibres Under Tension In Vitro. 7th Int. Conf. Med. Electr., Biol. Eng., Stockholm, p. 38, 1967.
20. Finlay, B.: Scanning EM of Human Dermis Under Uniaxial Strain. Biomed. Eng., 4:322-327, 1969.
21. Wilkes, G. L., Brown, I. A. and Wildnauer, R. H.: The Biomechanical Properties of Skin. CRC Crit. Rev. Bio-Eng., 1: 453-495, 1973.
22. Morgan, F. R.: The Mechanical Properties of Collagen Fibers. J. Soc. Leather Trades Client., 44:171-182, 1960.
23. Elden, H. R.: Physical Properties of Collagen Fibers. Int. Reu. Connect Tissue Res., 7:283-328, 1976.
24. Gotte, L.: Recent Observations on the Structure and Composition of Elastin. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol., 27:105-117, 1977.
25. Carton, R. W., Dainauskas, J. and Clark, J. W.: Elastic Properties of Single Elastic Fibers. J. Appl. Physiol, 17:547-551, 1962.
26. Daly, C. H.: The Role of Elastin in the Mechanical Behavior of Human Skin. Proc. of the 8th Int. Conf. Med. Biol. Engr., Chicago, pp. 18-27, 1969.
27. Wood, G. C.: Some Tensile Properties of Elastic Tissue. Biochem. Biophys. Acta, 15:311-314, 1954.
28. Dick, J. C.: The Tension and Resistance to Stretching of Human Skin and Other Membranes. J. Physiol., 112:102-113, 1951.
29. King, A. L. and Lawton, R. W.: Elasticity of Body Tissues. In: Medical Physics, Vol. 3. O. Glasser (Ed.). Year Book Publishers, Chicago, pp. 234-247, 1960.
30. Harkness, M. L. R. and Harkness, R. D.: Effect of Enzymes on Mechanical Properties of Tissues. Nature, 183: 1821-1822, 1959.
31. Minns, R. J., Soden, P. D. and Jackson, D. S.: The Role of the Fibrous Components and the Ground Substance in the Mechanical Properties of Biologic Tissues. J. Biomech., 6:153-165, 1973.
32. Gibson, T., Kenedi, R. M. and Craik, J. E.: The Mobile Micro-Architecture of Dermal Collagen. Br. J. Surg., 52:764, 1965.
33. Daly, C. H. and Odlund, G. E.: Age-Related Changes in the Mechanical Properties of Human Skin. J. Invest Dermatol, 73: 84-87, 1979.
34. Barbenel, J. C., Evans, J. H. and Jordan, M. M. Tissue Mechanics. Eng. Med., 7:5-9, 1978.
35. Wohlisch, E.: Untersuchengen ueber die elastichen eigen schaftern tierischer gewebe. J. Z. Biol, 85:325-341, 1926.
36. Ridge, M. D. and Wright, V.: The Description of Skin Stiffness. J. Biorheology, 10:139-155, 1964.
37. Ridge, M. D. and Wright, V.: A Rheological Study of Skin. Proc. Symp. on Biomechanics and Related Bioengineering Topics. R. M. Kenedi (Ed.). Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp. 165-175, 1964.
38. Ridge, M. D. and Wright, V.: Mechanical Properties of Skin: A Bioengineering Study of Skin Structure. J. Appl. Physiol, 21:1602-1606, 1966.
39. Kenedi, R. M., Gibson, T. and Daly, C. H.: Bioengineering Studies of the Human Skin. In: Proc. Symposium on Biomechanics and Related Bioengineering Topics. R. M. Kenedi (Ed.). Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp. 147-158, 1965.
40. Daly, C. H.: The Biomechanical Characteristics of Human Skin. PhD Thesis, University of Strathcylde, Glascow, Scotland, 1966.
41. Ridge, M. D. and Wright, V.: The Directional Effects of Skin. J. Invest Dermatol., 64:341-346, 1966.
42. Gibson, T., Stark, H. and Evans, J. H.: Directional Variation in the Extensibility of Human Skin in Vivo. J. Biomech., 2: 201-204, 1969.
43. Barbenel, J. C., Evans, J. H. and Finlay, J. B.: Stress-Strain-Time Relations for Soft Connective Tissues. In: Perspectives in Biomedical Engineering. R. M. Kenedi (Ed.). Macmillan, New York, pp. 165-172, 1973.
44. Ohura, T., Singihara, T. and Honda, K.: Postoperative Evaluation in Plastic Surgery Using the Bio-Skin Tension Meter. Ann. Plast. Surg, 5:74-82, 1980.
45. Wijn, P. F., Brakkee, J. M., Stienen, G. J. M., et al.: Mechanical Properties of Human Skin In Vivo for Small Deformations: A Comparison of Uniaxial Strain and Torsion Measurements. In: Bedsore Mechanics. H. M. Kenedi (Ed.). University Park Press, Baltimore, pp. 103-108, 1976.
46. Thacker, J. G., Lachetta, F. A., Allaire, P. E., et al. In Vivo Extensometer for Measurement of the Biomechanical Properties of Human Skin. Rev. Sci. Instrum., 48(2):181-185, 1977.
47. Alexander, H. and Cook, T. H.: Accounting for the Natural Tension in the Mechanical Tension of Human Skin. J. Invest. Dermatol, 69:310-314, 1977.
48. Lanir, Y. and Fung, Y. C.: Two-Dimensional Mechanical Properties of Rabbit Skin. I. Experimental System. II. Experimental Results. J. Biomech., 7:29-34, 171-182, 1974.
49. Schneider, D. C., Davidson, T. M. and Nahum, N. A.: In Vitro Biaxial Stress Strain Response of Human Skin. Arch. Otolaryngol, 110:329-333, 1984.
50. Fung, Y. C.: Elasticity of Soft Tissues in Simple Elongation. Am. J. Physiol, 213:1532-1544, 1967.
51. Fung, Y. C.: Biorheology of Soft Tissue. Biorheology, 10: 139-155, 1973.
52. Veronda, D. R. and Westmann, R. A.: Mechanical Characteristics of Skin-Finite Deformations. J. Biomech., 3:111, 1970.
53. Blatz, P. J., Chu, B. M. and Wayland, H.: On the Mechanical Behavior of Elastic Animal Tissue. Trans. Soc. liheol, 13: 83-102, 1969.
54. Crisp, D. C.: Properties of Tendon and Skin. In: Biomechanics: Its Foundations and Objectives. Y. C. Fung, N. Perone and M. Anliker (Eds.). Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, pp. 141-179, 1972.
55. Demiray, H.: A Note on the Elasticity of Soft Tissues. J. Biomech., 5:309-331, 1972.
56. Demiray, H. and Vito, R. P.: Large Deformation Analysis of Soft Biomaterials. Int. J. Eng. Sci., 14:789-793, 1976.
57. Allaire, P. E., Thacker, J. G., Edlich, R. F., et al. Finite Deformation Theory for In Vivo Human Skin. J. Bioeng., 1: 239-249, 1977.
58. Tong, P. and Fung, Y. C.: The Stress-Strain Relationships for the Skin. J. Biomech., 9:649, 1976.
59. Danielson, D. A.: Human Skin as an Elastic Membrane. J. Biomech., 6:539-546, 1973.
60. Danielson, D. A. and Natarajan, S.: Tension Field Theory and the Stress in Stretched Skin. J.Biomech., 8:135-142, 1975.
61. Furnas, D. W. and Fischer, G. W.: The Z-Plasty: Biomechanics and Mathematics. Br. J. Plast. Surg., 24:144-160, 1971.
62. Lanir, Y.: A Structural Theory for the Homogeneous Biaxial Stress-Strain Relationships in Flat Collagenous Tissues. J. Biomech., 12:423, 1979.