Educational history is an independent predictor of cognitive deficits and long-term survival in postacute patients with mild to moderate ischemic stroke

Stroke

Volumn 43, Issue 11, 2012, Pages 2931-2935

  Ojala Oksala, Johanna ^a   Jokinen, Hanna ^b,c   Kopsi, Valtteri ^a   Lehtonen, Kalevi ^a   Luukkonen, Liisa ^a   Paukkunen, Antti ^a   Seeck, Lotte ^a   Melkas, Susanna ^c   Pohjasvaara, Tarja ^c   Karhunen, Pekka ^d   Hietanen, Marja ^c   Erkinjuntti, Timo ^c   Oksala, Niku ^a,d  

^a TAMPERE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Finland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI   (Finland)

^c HELSINKI UNIVERSITY CENTRAL HOSPITAL   (Finland)

^d TAMPERE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Finland)

Author keywords

education; stroke; survival

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; AGED; APHASIA; ARTICLE; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; COGNITIVE DEFECT; COGNITIVE RESERVE; CONSTRUCTIVE DEFICIT; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEMENTIA; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE SEVERITY; EXECUTIVE DYSFUNCTION; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HAZARD RATIO; HUMAN; INDEPENDENT VARIABLE; LONG TERM SURVIVAL; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MARRIAGE; MEMORY DISORDER; MINI MENTAL STATE EXAMINATION; MORTALITY; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PATIENT EDUCATION; PREDICTOR VARIABLE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RECURRENT DISEASE; SEX RATIO; SURVIVAL PREDICTION; VISUOSPATIAL DEFICIT; WHITE MATTER LESION;

AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; COGNITION DISORDERS; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; PROGNOSIS; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODELS; STROKE;

EID: 84868201364     PISSN: 00392499     EISSN: 15244628     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.112.667618     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Pohjasvaara T, Erkinjuntti T, Ylikoski R, Hietanen M, Vataja R, Kaste M. Clinical determinants of poststroke dementia. Stroke. 1998;29:75-81.
2. Tatemichi TK, Paik M, Bagiella E, Desmond DW, Pirro M, Hanzawa LK. Dementia after stroke is a predictor of long-term survival. Stroke. 1994;25:1915-1919.
3. Melkas S, Oksala NK, Jokinen H, Pohjasvaara T, Vataja R, Oksala A, et al. Poststroke dementia predicts poor survival in long-term follow-up: influence of prestroke cognitive decline and previous stroke. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2009;80:865-870.
4. Oksala NK, Jokinen H, Melkas S, Oksala A, Pohjasvaara T, Hietanen M, et al. Cognitive impairment predicts poststroke death in long-term follow up. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2009;80:1230-1235.
5. Inzitari D. Leukoaraiosis: an independent risk factor for stroke? Stroke. 2003;34:2067-2071.
6. Inzitari D, Simoni M, Pracucci G, Poggesi A, Basile AM, Chabriat H, et al. Risk of rapid global functional decline in elderly patients with severe cerebral age-related white matter changes: the LADIS study. Arch Intern Med. 2007;167:81-88.
7. Vataja R, Pohjasvaara T, Leppavuori A, Mantyla R, Aronen HJ, Salonen O, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging correlates of depression after isch-emic stroke. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2001;58:925-931.
8. Pohjasvaara T, Mantyla R, Salonen O, Aronen HJ, Ylikoski R, Hietanen M, et al. MRI correlates of dementia after first clinical ischemic stroke. J Neurol Sci. 2000;181:111-117.
9. Pantoni L, Basile AM, Pracucci G, Asplund K, Bogousslavsky J, Chabriat H, et al. Impact of age-related cerebral white matter changes on the transition to disability-the LADIS study: rationale, design and methodology. Neuroepidemiology. 2005;24:51-62.
10. Fu JH, Lu CZ, Hong Z, Dong Q, Luo Y, Wong KS. Extent of white matter lesions is related to acute subcortical infarcts and predicts further stroke risk in patients with first ever ischaemic stroke. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2005;76:793-796.
11. Oksala NK, Oksala A, Pohjasvaara T, Vataja R, Kaste M, Karhunen PJ, et al. Age related white matter changes predict stroke death in long term follow-up. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2009;80:762-766.
12. Chen HK, Tseng CD, Wu SC, Lee TK, Chen TH. A prospective cohort study on the effect of sexual activity, libido and widowhood on mortality among the elderly people: 14-year follow-up of 2,453 elderly Taiwanese. Int J Epidemiol. 2007;36:1136-1142.
13. Clark CJ, Guo H, Lunos S, Aggarwal NT, Beck T, Evans DA, et al. Neighborhood cohesion is associated with reduced risk of stroke mortal-ity. Stroke. 2011;42:1212-1217.
14. Ikeda A, Iso H, Kawachi I, Yamagishi K, Inoue M, Tsugane S, et al. Social support and stroke and coronary heart disease: the JPHC study cohorts II. Stroke. 2008;39:768-775.
15. Sachdev PS, Brodaty H, Valenzuela MJ, Lorentz LM, Koschera A. Progression of cognitive impairment in stroke patients. Neurology. 2004;63:1618-1623.
16. Gonzalez-Fernandez M, Davis C, Molitoris JJ, Newhart M, Leigh R, Hillis AE. Formal education, socioeconomic status, and the severity of aphasia after stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2011;92:1809-1813.
17. Dufouil C, Alperovitch A, Tzourio C. Influence of education on the relationship between white matter lesions and cognition. Neurology. 2003;60:831-836.
18. Christensen H, Anstey KJ, Parslow RA, Maller J, Mackinnon A, Sachdev P. The brain reserve hypothesis, brain atrophy and aging. Gerontology. 2007;53:82-95.
19. Stern Y. What is cognitive reserve? Theory and research application of the reserve concept. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2002;8:448-460.
20. Brickman AM, Siedlecki KL, Muraskin J, Manly JJ, Luchsinger JA, Yeung LK, et al. White matter hyperintensities and cognition: testing the reserve hypothesis. Neurobiol Aging. 2011;32:1588-1598.
21. Langagergaard V, Palnum KH, Mehnert F, Ingeman A, Krogh BR, Bartels P, et al. Socioeconomic differences in quality of care and clinical outcome after stroke: a nationwide population-based study. Stroke. 2011;42:2896-2902.
22. Arrich J, Lalouschek W, Mullner M. Influence of socioeconomic status on mortality after stroke: retrospective cohort study. Stroke. 2005;36:310-314.
23. Elkins JS, Longstreth WT, Jr., Manolio TA, Newman AB, Bhadelia RA, Johnston SC. Education and the cognitive decline associated with MRI-defined brain infarct. Neurology. 2006;67:435-440.
24. Oksala NK, Heikkinen M, Mikkelsson J, Pohjasvaara T, Kaste M, Erkinjuntti T, et al. Smoking and the platelet fibrinogen receptor glyco-protein IIb/IIIA PlA1/A2 polymorphism interact in the risk of lacunar stroke and midterm survival. Stroke. 2007;38:50-55.
25. Oksala NK, Oksala A, Erkinjuntti T, Pohjasvaara T, Kunnas T, Vataja R, et al. Long-term survival after ischemic stroke in postmenopausal women is affected by an interaction between smoking and genetic varia-tion in nitric oxide synthases. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2008;26:250-258.
26. Oksala NK, Salonen T, Strandberg T, Oksala A, Pohjasvaara T, Kaste M, et al. Cerebral small vessel disease and kidney function predict long-term survival in patients with acute stroke. Stroke. 2010;41:1914-1920.
27. Melkas S, Putaala J, Oksala NK, Pohjasvaara T, Oksala A, Kaste M, et al. Small-vessel disease relates to poor poststroke survival in a 12-year follow-up. Neurology. 2011;76:734-739.
28. Ylikoski R, Ylikoski A, Erkinjuntti T, Sulkava R, Raininko R, Tilvis R. White matter changes in healthy elderly persons correlate with attention and speed of mental processing. Arch Neurol. 1993;50:818-824.
29. Rasquin SM, Verhey FR, van Oostenbrugge RJ, Lousberg R, Lodder J. Demographic and CT scan features related to cognitive impair-ment in the first year after stroke. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2004;75:1562-1567.
30. Mohan KM, Crichton SL, Grieve AP, Rudd AG, Wolfe CD, Heuschmann PU. Frequency and predictors for the risk of stroke recurrence up to 10 years after stroke: the South London Stroke Register. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2009;80:1012-1018.
31. Cesaroni G, Agabiti N, Forastiere F, Perucci CA. Socioeconomic dif-ferences in stroke incidence and prognosis under a universal healthcare system. Stroke. 2009;40:2812-2819.
32. Li C, Hedblad B, Rosvall M, Buchwald F, Khan FA, Engstrom G. Stroke incidence, recurrence, and case-fatality in relation to socioeconomic position: a population-based study of middle-aged Swedish men and women. Stroke. 2008;39:2191-2196.
33. Addo J, Ayerbe L, Mohan KM, Crichton S, Sheldenkar A, Chen R, et al. Socioeconomic status and stroke: an updated review. Stroke. 2012;43:1186-1191.
34. Zhou G, Liu X, Xu G, Liu X, Zhang R, Zhu W. The effect of socioeco-nomic status on three-year mortality after first-ever ischemic stroke in Nanjing, China. BMC Public Health. 2006;6:227.
35. Appelros P, Stegmayr B, Terent A. Sex differences in stroke epidemiol-ogy: a systematic review. Stroke. 2009;40:1082-1090.
36. Daly MC, Duncan GJ, McDonough P, Williams DR. Optimal indica-tors of socioeconomic status for health research. Am J Public Health. 2002;92:1151-1157.
37. Valkonen T. Problems in the measurement and international com-parisons of socio-economic differences in mortality. Soc Sci Med. 1993;36:409-418.