Epidemiology, clinical presentation, and patterns of drug resistance of Salmonella Typhi in Karachi, Pakistan

Journal of Infection in Developing Countries

Volumn 6, Issue 10, 2012, Pages 704-714

  Khan, M Imran ^a,b   Soofi, Sajid Bashir ^a   Ochiai Leon, R ^b   Khan, Mohammad Jawed ^a   Sahito, Shah Muhammad ^a   Habib, Mohammad Atif ^a   Puri, Mahesh K ^b   von Seidlein, Lorenz ^b,d   Park, Jin Kyung ^b   You, Young Ae ^b   Ali, Mohammad ^b   Nizami Qamaruddin, S ^a   Acosta, Camilo J ^b   Sack Bradley, R ^c   Clemens, John D ^b   Bhutta, Zulfiqar A ^a  

^a AGA KHAN UNIVERSITY   (Pakistan)

^b International Vaccine Institute   (South Korea)

^c JOHNS HOPKINS BLOOMBERG SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^d MENZIES SCHOOL OF HEALTH RESEARCH   (Australia)

Author keywords

Drug resistance; Pakistan; Population based incidence; S. Typhi

Indexed keywords

EID: 84868014323     PISSN: 19722680     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3855/jidc.1967     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. Lin FY, Vo AH, Phan VB, Nguyen TT, Bryla D, Tran CT, Ha BK, Dang DT, Robbins JB (2000) The epidemiology of typhoid fever in the Dong Thap province, Mekong Delta Region of Vietnam. Am J Trop Med Hyg 62: 644-648.
2. Siddiqui FJ, Rabbani F, Hasan R, Nizami SQ, Bhutta ZA (2006) Typhoid fever in children: some epidemiological considerations from Karachi, Pakistan. Int J Infect Dis 10: 215-222.
3. Sinha A, Sazawal S, Kumar R, Sood S, Reddaiah VP, Singh B, Rao M, Naficy A, Clemens JD, Bhan MK (1999) Typhoid fever in children aged less than 5 years. Lancet 354: 734-737.
4. Crump JA, Luby SP, Mintz ED (2004) The global burden of typhoid fever. Bull World Health Organ 82: 346-353.
5. Crump JA, Ram PK, Gupta SK, Miller MA, Mintz ED (2008) Part I. analysis of data gaps pertaining to Salmonellaenterica serotype typhi infections in low and medium human development index countries, 1984-2005. Epidemiol Infect 136: 436-448.
6. Eberth (1880) Oranismen in den organenbei. typhusabdominalis. Virchows Arch Path Anal. 81: 16-58.
7. Gilman RH, Terminel M, Levine MM, Hernandez-Mendoza P, Hornick RB (1975) Relative efficacy of blood, urine, rectal swab, bone-marrow, and rose-spot cultures for recovery of Salmonellatyphi in typhoid fever. Lancet 7918: 121-1213.
8. Vallenas C, Hernandez H, Kay B, Black R, Gotuzzo E (1985) Efficacy of bone marrow, blood, stool and duodenal contents cultures for bacteriologic confirmation of typhoid fever in children. Pediatric infectious disease 4: 496-498.
9. Vollaard AM, Ali S, Widjaja S, Asten HA, Visser LG, Surjadi C, van Dissel JT (2005) Identification of typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever cases at presentation in outpatient clinics in Jakarta, Indonesia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 99: 440-450.
10. Bhutta ZA, Naqvi SH, Razzaq RA, Farooqui BJ (1996) Multidrug-resistant typhoid in children: Presentation and clinical features. Reviews of infectious diseases 13: 832-836.
11. Bhutta ZA (1996) Impact of age and drug resistance on mortality in typhoid fever. Arch Dis Child 75: 214-217.
12. Bhutta ZA (1996) Therapeutic aspects of typhoidal salmonellosis in childhood: The Karachi experience. Ann Trop Paediatr 16: 299-306.
13. Akpede GO and Akenzua GI (2001) Management of children with prolonged fever of unknown origin and difficulties in the management of fever of unknown origin in children in developing countries. Paediatric drugs 3: 247-262.
14. Kumar R and Gupta N (2007) Multidrug-resistant typhoid fever. Indian J Pediatr 74: 39-42.
15. Bahl R, Sinha A, Poulos C, Whittington D, Sazawal S, Kumar R, Mahalanabis D, Acosta CJ, Clemens JD, Bhan MK (2004) Costs of illness due to typhoid fever in an Indian urban slum community: Implications for vaccination policy. J Health PopulNutr 22: 304-310.
16. Rathore MH, Bux D, Hasan M (1996) Multidrug-resistant SalmonellaTyphi in Pakistani children: clinical features and treatment. South Med J 89: 235-237.
17. Mirza SH, Beeching NJ, Hart CA (1996) Multi-drug resistant typhoid: A global problem. Journal of Medical Microbiology 44: 317-319.
18. Hoa NT, Diep TS, Wain J, Parry CM, Hien TT, Smith MD, Walsh AL, White NJ. (1998) Community-acquired septicaemia in southern Vietnam: The importance of multidrug-resistant SalmonellaTyphi. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 92: 503-508.
19. Farooqui A, Khan A, Kazmi SU (2009) Investigation of a community outbreak of typhoid fever associated with drinking water. BMC Public Health 9: 476-481.
20. Janjua NZ, Khan MI, Usman HR, Azam I, Khalil M, Ahmad K (2006) Pattern of health care utilization and determinants of care-seeking from GPs in two districts of Pakistan. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 37: 1242-1253.
21. Khan MI, Sahito SM, Khan MJ, Wassan SM, Shaikh AW, Maheshwari AK, Acosta CJ, Galindo CM, Ochiai RL, Rasool S, Peerwani S, Puri MK, Ali M, Zafar A, Hassan R, von Seidlein L, Clemens JD, Nizami SQ, Bhutta ZA (2006) Enhanced disease surveillance through private health care sector cooperation in Karachi, Pakistan: Experience from a vaccine trial. Bull World Health Organ 84: 72-77.
22. Abucejo PE, Capeding MR, Lupisan SP, Arcay J, Sombrero LT, Ruutu P, Herva E (2001) Blood culture confirmed typhoid fever in a provincial hospital in the Philippines. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 32: 531-536.
23. Cutler D and Miller G (2005) The role of public health improvements in health advances: The twentieth-century united states. Demography 42: 1-22.
24. WHO (2003) The diagnosis, treatment and prevention of typhoid fever. Report No.: WHO/V&B/03.07.
25. Ferreccio C, Levine MM, Rodriguez H, Contreras R. Comparative efficacy of two, three, or four doses of TY21a live oral typhoid vaccine in enteric-coated capsules: A field trial in an endemic area. (1989) J Infect Dis 159: 766-769.
26. Acharya IL, Lowe CU, Thapa R, Gurubacharya VL, Shrestha MB, Cadoz M, Schulz D, Armand J, Bryla DA, Trollfors B, Cramton T, Schneerson R, Robbins JB (1987) Prevention of typhoid fever in nepal with the vi capsular polysaccharide of salmonella typhi. A preliminary report. N Engl J Med 317: 1101-1104.