Elevated, combined serum free light chain levels and increased mortality: A 5-year follow-up, UK study

Journal of Clinical Pathology

Volumn 65, Issue 11, 2012, Pages 1036-1042

  Anandram, Seetharam ^a   Assi, Lakhvir Kaur ^b   Lovatt, Tracy ^a   Parkes, Jayne ^a   Taylor, Joanne ^a   Macwhannell, Alan ^a   Jacob, Abraham ^a   Handa, Sunil ^a   Harding, Stephen ^b   Basu, Supratik ^a  

^a ROYAL WOLVERHAMPTON HOSPITALS NHS TRUST   (United Kingdom)

^b Binding Site Group Ltd   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALBUMIN; IMMUNOGLOBULIN A; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G; IMMUNOGLOBULIN M;

ADULT; AGED; ALBUMIN BLOOD LEVEL; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEATH; DEATH CERTIFICATE; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE MARKER; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; FREE LIGHT CHAIN; GLOMERULUS FILTRATION RATE; HEMATOLOGICAL PROCEDURE; HIGH RISK PATIENT; HUMAN; KAPLAN MEIER METHOD; LIGHT CHAIN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MORTALITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN ELECTROPHORESIS; SURVIVAL RATE; UNITED KINGDOM;

ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; CAUSE OF DEATH; FEMALE; GREAT BRITAIN; HUMANS; IMMUNOGLOBULIN KAPPA-CHAINS; IMMUNOGLOBULIN LAMBDA-CHAINS; IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS; KAPLAN-MEIER ESTIMATE; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PARAPROTEINEMIAS; PLASMA CELLS;

EID: 84867917914     PISSN: 00219746     EISSN: 14724146     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2012-200910     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Dingli D, Kyle RA, Rajkumar SV, et al. Immunoglobulin free light chains and solitary plasmacytoma of bone. Blood 2006;108:1979-83. (Pubitemid 44395010)
2. Dispenzieri A, Lacy MQ, Katzmann JA, et al. Absolute values of immunoglobulin free light chains are prognostic in patients with primary systemic amyloidosis undergoing peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. Blood 2006;107:3378-83.
3. Dispenzieri A, Kyle RA, Katzmann JA, et al. Immunoglobulin free light chain ratio is an independent risk factor for progression of smoldering (asymptomatic) multiple myeloma. Blood 2008;111:785-9.
4. Rajkumar SV, Kyle RA, Therneau TM, et al. Serum free light chain ratio is an independent risk factor for progression in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. Blood 2005;106:812-17. (Pubitemid 41076419)
5. Snozek CL, Katzmann JA, Kyle RA, et al. Prognostic value of the serum free light chain ratio in newly diagnosed myeloma: proposed incorporation into the international staging system. Leukemia 2008;22:1933-37.
6. 131I] Bence Jones protein catabolism in human subjects. Clin Chim Acta 1967;18:395-407.
7. Waldmann TA, Strober W, Mogielnicki RP. The renal handling of low molecular weight proteins. II. Disorders of serum protein catabolism in patients with tubular proteinuria, the nephrotic syndrome, or uremia. J Clin Invest 1972;51:2162-74.
8. Marshall G, Tate J, Mollee P. Borderline high serum free light chain κ/λ ratios are seen not only in dialysis patients but also in non-dialysis-dependent renal impairment and inflammatory states. Am J Clin Pathol 2009;132:309.
9. Hutchison CA, Harding S, Hewins P, et al. Quantitative assessment of serum and urinary polyclonal free light chains in patients with chronic kidney disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2008;3:1684-90.
10. Hutchison CA, Cockwell P, Harding S, et al . Quantitative assessment of serum and urinary polyclonal free light chains in patients with type II diabetes: an early marker of diabetic kidney disease? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2008;12:667-76. (Pubitemid 351877296)
11. Aggarwal R, Sequeira W, Kokebie R, et al. Serum free light chains as biomarkers for systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity. Arthritis Care Res 2011;63:891-8.
12. Kormelink TG, Tekstra J, Thurlings RM, et al. Decrease in immunoglobulin free light chains in patients with rheumatoid arthritis upon rituximab (anti-CD20) treatment correlates with decrease in disease activity. Ann Rheum Dis 2010;69:2137-44.
13. Landgren O, Goedert JJ, Rabkin CS, et al. Circulating serum free light chains as predictive markers of AIDS-related lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 2010;28:773-9.
14. Tsai HT, Caporaso NE, Kyle RA, et al. Evidence of serum immunoglobulin abnormalities up to 9.8 years before diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a prospective study. Blood 2009;114:4928-32.
15. Maurer MJ, Cerhan JR, Katzmann JA, et al. Monoclonal and polyclonal serum free light chains and clinical outcome in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 2011;118:2821-6.
16. Robson EJD, Taylor J, Beardsmore C, et al. Utility of serum free light chain analysis when screening for lymphoproliferative disorders. Lab Med 2009;40:325-9.
17. Katzmann JA, Clark RJ, Abraham RS, et al. Serum reference intervals and diagnostic ranges for free kappa and free lambda immunoglobulin light chains: relative sensitivity for detection of monoclonal light chains. Clin Chem 2002;48:1437-44. (Pubitemid 34925779)
18. Milford Ward A, Sheldon J, Rowbottom A, et al. PRU handbook of clinical immunochemistry. 9th edn. PRU Publications, 2007.
19. Levey AS, Bosch JP, Lewis JB, et al. A more accurate method to estimate glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine: a new prediction equation. Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study Group. Ann Intern Med 1999;130:461-70. (Pubitemid 29135798)
20. Levey AS, Eckardt KU, Tsukamoto Y, et al. Definition and classification of chronic kidney disease: a position statement from Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). Kidney Int 2005;67:2089-100. (Pubitemid 41623371)
21. Eisele L, Durig J, Huttman A, et al. Polyclonal free light chain elevation and mortality in the German Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study. Blood 2010;116:3903a.
22. Dispenzieri A, Katzmann JA, Kyle RA, et al. Use of nonclonal serum immunoglobulin free light chains to predict overall survival in the general population. Mayo Clin Proc 2012; 87:517-23.
23. Corti MC, Guralnik JM, Salive ME, et al. Serum albumin level and physical disability as predictors of mortality in older persons. JAMA 1994;272:1036-42. (Pubitemid 24294655)
24. Danesh J, Collins R, Peto R, et al. Haematocrit, viscosity, erythrocyte sedimentation rate: meta-analyses of prospective studies of coronary heart disease. Eur Heart J 2000;21:515-20. (Pubitemid 30148316)
25. Go AS, Chertow GM, Fan D, et al. Chronic kidney disease and the risks of death, cardiovascular events, and hospitalization. N Engl J Med 2004;351:1296-305.
26. Koenig W, Khuseyinova N, Baumert J, et al. Prospective study of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein as a determinant of mortality: results from the MONICA/KORA Augsburg Cohort Study, 1984-1998. Clin Chem 2008;54:335-42. (Pubitemid 351302620)
27. Subbe CP, Kruger M, Rutherford P, et al. Validation of a modified early warning score in medical admissions. QJM 2001;94:521-6. (Pubitemid 32998342)
28. Gottenberg JE, Aucouturier F, Goetz J, et al. Serum immunoglobulin free light chain assessment in rheumatoid arthritis and primary Sjogren's syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis 2007;66:23-7. (Pubitemid 46044856)
29. Hoffman U, Opperman M, Kuchler S, et al. Free immunoglobulin light chains in patients with rheumatic diseases. Z Rheumatol 2003;62:Fr40a.
30. De Filippi R, Russo F, Iaccarino G, et al. Abnormally elevated levels of serum free-immunoglobulin light chains are frequently found in classic Hodgkin Lymphoma (cHL) and predict outcome of patients with early stage disease. Blood 2009;114:267a.
31. Maurer MJ, Micallef IN, Cerhan JR, et al. Elevated serum free light chains are associated with event-free and overall survival in two independent cohorts of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 2011;29:1620-6.
32. Morabito F, De Filippi R, Laurenti L, et al. The total amount of kappa plus lambda serum immunoglobulin free light chains (sFLC κ+λ) is a powerful independent predictor of time to first treatment in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and allows definition of a novel prognostic scoring system: a study of 449 therapy-naive patients. Blood 2010;116:2437a.
33. Pratt G, Harding S, Fegan C, et al. Serum FLC levels at presentation have independent prognostic significance in CLL and levels above 50 mg/l identify patients with progressive disease. Blood 2009;114:2355a.
34. Assi LK, Hughes RG, Gunson B, et al. Abnormally elevated serum free light chains in patients with liver disease. J Hepatol 2010;51:S440-1.