The Feedback Intervention Trial (FIT) - Improving Hand-Hygiene Compliance in UK Healthcare Workers: A Stepped Wedge Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial

PLoS ONE

Volumn 7, Issue 10, 2012, Pages

  Fuller, Christopher ^a   Michie, Susan ^b   Savage, Joanne ^a   McAteer, John ^b   Besser, Sarah ^a,g   Charlett, Andre ^c   Hayward, Andrew ^a   Cookson, Barry D ^c   Cooper, Ben S ^c,h   Duckworth, Georgia ^c   Jeanes, Annette ^d   Roberts, Jenny ^e   Teare, Louise ^f   Stone, Sheldon ^a  

^a ROYAL FREE AND UNIVERSITY COLLEGE MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^c PUBLIC HEALTH ENGLAND   (United Kingdom)

^d UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON HOSPITALS   (United Kingdom)

^e LONDON SCHOOL OF HYGIENE AND TROPICAL MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

^f NHS Mid Essex   (United Kingdom)

^g KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^h MAHIDOL OXFORD TROPICAL MEDICINE RESEARCH UNIT   (Thailand)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS; CLINICAL EVALUATION; CLINICAL PRACTICE; CLINICAL PROTOCOL; CLUSTER ANALYSIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; HAND WASHING; HEALTH CARE PLANNING; HEALTH PERSONNEL ATTITUDE; HEALTH PROMOTION; HUMAN; HYGIENE; INTERVENTION STUDY; PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; UNITED KINGDOM;

COMPLIANCE; CROSS INFECTION; GREAT BRITAIN; GUIDELINE ADHERENCE; HAND DISINFECTION; HAND HYGIENE; HEALTH PERSONNEL; HUMANS;

EID: 84867862589     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041617     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Pratt R (2001) The EPIC Project: Developing national evidence-based guidelines for preventing healthcare associated infections. Journal of Hospital Infection 47 (supplement): S1-82.
2. Curtis V, Cairnscross S, (2003) Effect of washing hands with soap on diarrhoea risk in the community: systematic review. Lancet Infect Dis 3: 275-81.
3. Stone SP, Teare L, Cookson BD, (2001) The guiding hand of our teachers (the evidence base for hand-hygiene). Lancet 357: 479-80.
4. National Patient Safety Agency (2004) Achieving our aims. Evaluating the results of the pilot cleanyourhands campaign. Available: www.npsa.nhs.uk/EasySiteWeb/GatewayLink.aspx?alId=5924 (Accessed 14 June 2012).
5. Joint Commission (2009) Measuring Hand Hygiene Adherence: overcoming the challenges. Joint Commission, Illinois, USA.
6. Erasmus V, Daha TJ, Brug H, Richardus JH, Berendt MD, et al. (2010) Systematic review of studies on compliance with hand hygiene guidelines in hospital care. Infect Contr Hosp Epidem. 31: 283-94.
7. WHO{pipe}Clean Care is Safer Care The first global patient safety challenge. Available: www.who.int/gpsc/en/index.html (Accessed 14 June 2012).
8. WHO{pipe}SAVE LIVES: Clean your hands. Available: www.who.int/gpsc/5may/en (Accessed 14 June 2012).
9. World Health Organisation (2010) An incredible achievement! Available: http://www.who.int/gpsc/5may/en/(Accessed 14 June 2012).
10. Magiorakos AP, Leens E, Drouvot V, May-Michelangelis L, Reichardt C, et al. (2010) Pathways to clean hands: highlights of successful hand hygiene implementation strategies in Europe. Eurosurveillance 15(18) Article 4 (6 May).
11. National Patient Safety Agency (2004). Ready, steady, go. The full guide to implementing the cleanyourhandscampaign in your Trust. Available: www.npsa.nhs.uk/EasySiteWeb/GatewayLink.aspx?alId=5923 (Accessed 14 June 2012).
12. Naikoba S, Hayward A, (2001) The effectiveness of interventions aimed at increasing handwashing in healthcare workers - a systematic review. J Hosp Infect 47: 173-180.
13. Gould DJ, Drey NS, Moralejo D, Grimshaw J, Chudleigh J, (2008) Interventions to improve hand hygiene compliance in patient care. J Hosp Infect. 68: 193-202.
14. Jamtvedt G, Young JM, Kristoffersen DT, O'Brien MA, Oxman AD (2006) Audit and feedback: effects on professional practice and health care outcomes. Cochrane Database Systematic Review.
15. Gardner B, Whittington C, McAteer J, Michie S, (2010) Using theory to synthesise evidence from behaviour change interventions: the example of audit and feedback. Social Science and Medicine. 70: 1618-1625.
16. Michie S, Johnston M, Abraham C, Lawton R, Parker D, et al. (2005) Making psychological theory useful for implementing evidence based practice: a consensus approach, Quality and Safety in Health Care. 14: 26-33.
17. Stone S, Fuller C, Savage J, Cookson BD, Hayward, et al, (2012) Evaluation of the national Cleanyourhands campaign to reduce Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia and Clostridium difficile infection in hospitals in England and Wales by improved hand hygiene: four year, prospective, ecological, interrupted time series study.: BMJ 344: e3005.
18. Brown CA, Lilford RJ, (2006) The stepped wedge trial design: a systematic review. BMC Med Res Methodol 6: 54.
19. Nosocomial Infection National Surveillance Service (2002) Surveillance of Hospital acquired bacteraemia in English Hospitals 1997-2000. Available: http://www.hpa.org.uk/webc/HPAwebFile/HPAweb_C/1194947379958 (Accessed June 14 2012).
20. Hussain M, (1996) Oppenheimer (1996) Prospective survey of the incidence, risk factors and outcome of hospital acquired infection in the elderly. J Hosp Infect. 32: 117-126.
21. Stone S, Fuller C, the NOSEC/FIT investigators (2012) Report to the Patient Safety Research Programme. Available: http://www.birmingham.ac.uk/Documents/college-mds/haps/projects/cfhep/psrp/finalreports/PS029FinalReportStone.pdf (Accessed 14 June 2012).
22. Campbell M, Fitzpatrick R, Haines A, Kinmouth A, Sandercock P, et al. (2000) Framework for design and evaluation of complex interventions to improve health. BMJ 321: 694-6.
23. McAteer J (2010) Development of an intervention to increase healthcare worker hand-hygiene behaviour: the application of psychological theory and techniques. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. University College London. London, UK.
24. McAteer J, Stone S, Fuller C, Slade R, Michie S, (2006) Development of an intervention to increase UK NHS healthcare worker hand-hygiene behaviour using psychological theory. J Hosp Infect 64(Suppl. 1): S53.
25. McAteer J, Stone S, Fuller C, Charlett A, Cookson B, et al. (2008) Development of an observational measure of healthcare worker hand-hygiene behaviour: the hand-hygiene observation tool (HHOT). J Hosp Infect 68: 222-229.
26. Locke E, Latham G (1990) A theory of goal setting and task performance. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
27. Carver CS, Scheier MF (2000) On the structure of behavioural self-regulation, in Boekaerts M, Pintrich PR, & Zeidner M. (Eds). Handbook of Self-Regulation. Academic Press.
28. Skinner BF (1953). Science and Human Behaviour. Macmillan.
29. Fuller C, Besser S, Cookson BD, Fragaszy E, Gardiner J, et al. (2010) Technical Note: Assessment of blinding of hand hygiene observers in randomised controlled trials of hand hygiene interventions. American Journal of Infection Control 38: 332-334.
30. Feiverson AH, (2002) Power by simulation. Stata Journal 2: 107-124.
31. Michie S, Johnston M, Francis J, Hardeman W, Eccles M, (2008) From theory to intervention: mapping theoretically derived behavioural determinants to behaviour change techniques. Applied Psychology: an International Review 57: 660-680.
32. Glanz K, Bishop DB, (2010) The role of behavioural science theory in development and implementation of Public Health Interventions. Annual Review of Public Health 11: 399-418.
33. Grimshaw JM, Thomas RE, MacLennan G, Fraser C, Ramsay CR, et al. (2004) Effectiveness and efficiency of guideline dissemination and implementation strategies. Health Technology Assessment 8: 6.
34. Pittet D, Hugonnet S, Mourouga P, Sauvan V, Touvenau S, et al. (2000) Effectiveness of a hospital-wide programme to improve compliance with hand hygiene. Lancet 356: 1307e1312.
35. Hugonnet S, Pernager TV, Pittet D, (2002) Alcohol-based handrub improves compliance with hand hygiene in intensive care units. Arch Intern Med 162: 1037-1043.
36. Dubbert PM, Dolce J, Richter W, Miller M, Chapman SW, (1990) Increasing ICU staff hand washing: effects of education and group feedback. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 11: 191-193.
37. Salemi C, Canola T, Eck E, (2002) Hand washing and physicians: how to get them together. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 23: 32-35.
38. Van de Mortel T, Heyman L, (1995) Performance feedback increases the incidence of hand washing by staff following patient contact in an ICU. Aust Crit Care 1995 8: 8-13.
39. Van de Mortel T, Bourke R, Phillipi L, McLoughlin J, et al. (2000) Maximising handwashing rates in the critical care unit through yearly performance feedback. Aust Crit Care 13: 91-95.
40. Raju NK, Kobler C, (1991) Improving hand hygiene habits in the newborn nurseries. Am J Med Sci 302: 355-358.
41. Tibbals J, (1996) Teaching hospital medical staff to hand wash. Med J Aust 164: 395-398.
42. Mayer JA, Dubbert PM, Miller M, Burkett P, Chapman S, (1986) Increasing handwashing in an ICU. Infect Control 7: 259-262.
43. Comptroller and auditor general (2009) Reducing Healthcare Associated Infections in Hospitals in England London the Stationery Office. (Report by the comptroller and auditor general HC 560 session 2008-9. 12 June 2009. Available: http://www.nao.org.uk/publications/0809/reducing_healthcare_associated.aspx (Accessed 14 June 2012).
44. WHO (2009) Patient Safety: A world alliance for safer health care SAVE LIVES: Clean your hands. Hand hygiene technical reference: to be used by health-care workers, trainers and observers of hand hygiene practices. ISBN 978 92 4 159860 6.