Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy for ADHD in Adolescents and Adults: A Psychological Guide to Practice

Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy for ADHD in Adolescents and Adults: A Psychological Guide to Practice

Volumn , Issue , 2012, Pages 1-301

  Young, Susan ^a,b   Bramham, Jessica ^c  

^a KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^b BROADMOOR HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY COLLEGE DUBLIN   (Ireland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84867820924     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9781119943440     Document Type: Book

References (166)

1. American Psychiatric Association (APA) (2000) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edn, Washington, DC: APA.
2. Anderson, J.C., Williams, S., McGee, R., and Silva, P.A. (1987) DSM-III-R disorders in a preadolescent children: Prevalence in a large sample from the general population. Archives of General Psychiatry, 44, 69-76.
3. Asherson, P. (2005) Clinical assessment and treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 5, 525-539.
4. Asherson, P., Adamou, M., Bolea, B., Mueller, U., Dunn-Morua, S., Pitts, M., Thome, J., and Young, S. (2010) Is ADHD a valid diagnosis in adults? Yes. British Medical Journal, 340, C549.
5. Baddeley, A. (1986) Working Memory, Oxford: Clarendon/Oxford University Press.
6. Baddeley, A. and Wilson, B. (1988) Frontal amnesia and dysexecutive syndrome. Brain and Cognition, 7, 212-230.
7. Barkley, R.A. (2002) Major life activity and health outcomes associated with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 63, 10-15.
8. Barkley, R.A. and Biederman, J. (1997) Towards a broader definition of the age-of-onset criterion for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36(9), 1204-1210.
9. Barkley, R.A., Guevremont, D.C., Anastropoulos, A.D., DePaul, G.J. and Shelton, T.L. (1993) Driving-related risks and outcomes of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adole scents and young adults: a 3-5 year follow-up study. Pediatrics, 92, 212-218.
10. Beck, A.T. (1963) Thinking and depression. I. Idiosyncratic content and cognitive distortions. Archives of General Psychiatry, 14, 324-333.
11. Beck A.T. (1976) Cognitive Therapy and the Emotional Disorders, New York, International Universities Press.
12. Bellack, A.S. and DiClimente, C.C. (1999) Treating substance abuse among patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatric Services, 50(1), 75-80.
13. Biederman, J., Faraone, S.V., Keenan, K., Steingard, R., and Tsuang, M.T. (1991) Familial association between attention deficit disorder and anxiety disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 148, 251-256.
14. Biederman, J., Faraone, S.V., Mick, E., Williamson, S., Wilens, T.E., Spencer, T.J., Weber, W., Jetton, J., Kraus, I., Pert, J., and Zallen, B. (1999) Clinical correlates of ADHD in females: Findings from a large group of girls ascertained from pediatric and psychiatric referral sources. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 38, 966-975.
15. Biederman, J., Faraone, S.V., Spencer, T., Wilens, T., Norman, D., Lapey, K.A., Mick, E., Lehman, B.K., and Doyle, A. (1993) Patterns of psychiatric comorbidity, cognition, and psychosocial functioning in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. American Journal of Pyschiatry, 150, 1792-1798.
16. Biederman, J., Newcorn, J., and Sprich, S. (1991) Comorbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with conduct, depressive, anxiety, and other disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 148, 564-577.
17. Bramham, J., Young, S., Bickerdike, A., Spain, D., MacCartan, D., and Xenitidis, K. (2009) Evaluation of group cognitive behavioural therapy for adults with ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders, 12(5), 434-441.
18. Bramham, J., Young, S.J., Morris, R.G., Asherson, P., and Toone, B.K. (2005a) Neuropsychological deficits in adults with ADHD: do they improve with age? British Neuropsychiatry Association Conference.
19. Bramham, J., Young, S.J., Morris, R.G., Asherson, P., and Toone, B.K. (2005b) Behavioural symptoms and cognitive deficits in adults with ADHD: What changes with age? Division of Clinical Psychology, British Psychological Society Conference.
20. Bramham, J., Murphy, D., Xenitidis, K., Asherson, P., Hopkin, G., and Young, S. (in press) Adults with ADHD; An investigation of age-related differences in behavioural symptoms, neuropsychological function and comorbidity. Psychological Medicine. Epub ahead of print.
21. Brown, T.E. (1996) Brown Attention-Deficit Disorder Scales, San Antonio, TX: Harcourt Brace.
22. Brown, T.E. and McMullen, W.J. (2001) Attention deficit disorders and sleep/arousal disturbance. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 931, 271-286.
23. Burgess, P.W., Veitch, E., de Lacy Costello, A., and Shallice, T. (2000) The cognitive and neuroanatomical correlates of multitasking. Neuropsychologia, 38(6), 848-863.
24. Cairnes, E. and Cammock, T. (1978) Development of a more reliable version of the Matching Familiar Figures Test. Developmental Psychology, 14, 555-556.
25. Chervin, R.D., Dillon, J.E., Bassetti, C., Ganoczy, D.A., and Pituch, K.J. (1997) Symptoms of sleep disorders, inattention, and hyperactivity in children. Sleep, 20(12), 1185-1192.
26. Clark, D.M. (1986) A cognitive approach to panic. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 24, 461-470.
27. Conners, C.K. (2000) Conners' Rating-Scales-Revised: Technical Manual, New York: MHS.
28. Conners, C., Erhardt, D., and Sparrow, E. (1998) The Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scale (CAARS), Toronto: Multi-Health Systems Inc.
29. Cortese, S., Konofal, E., Lecendreux, M., Arnulf, I., Mouren, M.C., Darra, F., and Dalla Bernardina, B. (2005) Restless legs syndrome and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A review of the literature. Sleep, 28(8), 1007-1013.
30. Dalsgaard, S., Mortensen, P.B., Frydenberg, M., and Thomsen, P.H. (2002) Conduct problems, gender and adult psychiatric outcome of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry, 181, 416-421.
31. Deci, E.L., Koestner, R., and Ryan, R.M. (1999) A meta-analytic review of experiments examining the effects of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 125(6), 627-668.
32. Denkla, M.B. (1996) Research on executive function in a neurodevelopmental context: Application of clinical measures. Developmental Neuropsychology, 12, 5-15.
33. Duncan, C.C., Rumsey, J.M., Wilkniss, S.M., Denckla, M.B., Hamburger, S.D., and Odou-Potkin, M. (1994) Developmental dyslexia and attention dysfunction in adults: brain potential indices of information processing. Psychophysiology, 31(4), 386-401.
34. D'Zurilla, T.J. and Nezu, A.M. (1999) Problem-Solving Therapy: A Social Competence Approach to Clinical Intervention. New York: Springer Publishing Company.
35. Ebbinghaus, H. (1885) Memory: A Contribution to Experimental Psychology, New York: Teachers College, Columbia University.
36. Efron, D., Jarman, F., Barker, M. (1997) Side effects of methylphenidate and dexamphetamine in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a double-blind, crossover trial. Pediatrics, 100(4), 662-666.
37. Elia, J., Ambrosini, P., and Berrettini, W. (2008) ADHD characteristics: I. Concurrent co-morbidity patterns in children and adolescents. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 2(1), 15.
38. Emilsson, B., Gudjonsson, G., Sigurdsson, J.F., Einarsson, E., Baldursson, G., Olafsdottir, H. and Young., S. (2011) R&R2 Cognitive behaviour therapy in medication-treated adults with ADHD and persistent symptoms: A randomized controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry, 11(116), available at: www.biomedcentral.com/1471-244X/11/ (accessed 21 November 2011).
39. Faraone, S., Biederman, J., and Mick, E. (2006) The age-dependent decline of attention deficit hyper activity disorder: A meta-analysis of follow-up studies. Psychological Medicine, 36, 159-165.
40. Faraone, S.V., Wilens, T.E., Petty, C., Antshel, K., Spencer, T., and Biederman, J. (2007) Substance use among ADHD adults: Implications of late onset and subthreshold diagnoses. American Journal on Addictions, 16, Suppl 1: 24-32.
41. Fox, R.A. and Wade, E.J. (1998) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder among adults with severe and profound mental retardation. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 19, 275-280.
42. Gau, S.S., Kessler, R.C., Tseng, W.L., Wu, Y.Y., Chiu, Y.N., Yeh, C.B., and Hwu, H.G. (2007) Association between sleep problems and symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in young adults. Sleep, 30(2), 195-201.
43. Gaub, M. and Carlson, C.L. (1997) Gender differences in ADHD: A meta-analysis and clinical review. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36, 1036-1045.
44. Goldman, L. S., Genel, M., Bezman, R. J., and Slanetz, P. J. (1998) Diagnosis and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents. Journal of the American Medical Association, 279(14), 1100-1107.
45. Goldstein, S. and Schwebach, A.J. (2004) The comorbidity of Pervasive Developmental Disorder and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Results of a retrospective chart review. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 34(3), 329-339.
46. Goldstein, S. and Teeter-Ellison, P.A. (eds) (2002) Clinician's Guide to Adult ADHD: Assessment and Intervention, New York: Academic Press.
47. Goodwin, G.M. (2009) Evidence-based guidelines for treating bipolar disorder: Revised second edition recommendations from the British Association of Psychopharmacology. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 4, 346-388.
48. Gudjonsson, G.H., Sigurdsson, J.F., Bragason, O.O., Newton, A.K., and Einarsson, E. (2008). Interrogative suggestibility, compliance and false confessions among prisoners and their relationship with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, Psychological Medicine, 38, 1037-1044
49. Gudjonsson, G.H., Sigurdsson, J.F., Eyjolfsdottir, G.A., Smari, A., and Young, S. (2009) The relationship between satisfaction life, ADHD symptoms and associated problems among university students. Journal of Attention Disorders, 12(6), 507-515.
50. Gudjonsson, G.H., Sigurdsson, J.F., Sigfusdottir, I.D., and Young, S. (forthcoming) An epidemiological study of ADHD Symptoms among young persons and its relationship with cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and illicit drug use. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02489
51. Hafner, H. and An Der, H. W. (1997) Epidemiology of Schizophrenia. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 42, 139-151.
52. Hervey, A.S., Epstein, J.N., and Curry, J.F. (2004) Neuropsychology of adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analytic review. Neuropsychology, 18(3), 485-503.
53. Hirvikoski, T., Waaler, E., Alfredsson, J., Pihlgren, C., Holmström, A., Johnson, A., Rück, J., Wiwe, C., Bothén, P., and Nordström, A. L. (2011) Reduced ADHD symptoms in adults with ADHD after structured skills training group: Results from a randomized controlled trial. Behavior Research and Therapy, 49(Suppl 3), 175-85.
54. Hull, C.L. (1943) Principles of Behaviour, New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
55. Huntley, Z., Maltezos, S., Williams, C., Morinan, A., Brinsford, A., Ball, D., Marshall, E.J., Keaney, F., Porter, S., Young, S., Bolton, P., Glaser, K., Howe-Forbes, R., Kuntsi, J., Simonoff, E., Xenitidis, K., Murphy, D., and Asherson, P. (submitted) Rates of undiagnosed attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in UK substance misuse services.
56. Huntley, Z. and Young, S. (submitted) Alcohol and substance use history among ADHD adults: The relationship with persistent remitting symptoms, personality, employment and history of service use.
57. Jackson, B. and Farrugia, D. (1997) Diagnosis and treatment of adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Journal of Counselling and Development, 75, 312-319.
58. Jensen, P.S., Arnold, L.E., Swanson, J.M., Vitiello, B., Abikoff, H.B., Greenhill, L.L., Hechtman, L., Hinshaw, S.P., Pelham, W.E., Wells, K.C., Conners, C.K., Elliott, G.R., Epstein, J.N., Hoza, B., March, J.S., Molina, B.S., Newcorn, J.H., Severe, J.B., Wigal, T., Gibbons, R.D., and Hur, K. (2007), 3-year follow-up of the NIMH MTA study. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 46(8), 989-1002.
59. Jou, R., Handen, B., and Hardan, A. (2004) Psychostimulant treatment of adults with mental retardation and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Australasian Psychiatry, 12(4), 376-379.
60. Kaplan, B.J., Dewey, D., Crawford, S.G., and Fisher, G.C. (1998) Deficits in long-term memory are not characteristic of ADHD. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 20(4), 518-528.
61. Kassel, J.D. (1997) Smoking and attention: A review and reformulation of the stimulus-filter hypothesis. Clinical Psychology Review, 17, 451-478.
62. Kazdin, A.E. and Mascitelli, S. (1982) Covert and overt rehearsal and homework practice in developing assertiveness. Journal of Consulting Clinical Psychology, 50(2), 250-258.
63. Keller, M.B., Lavori, P.W., Wunder, J., Beardslee, W.R., Schwartz, C.E., and Roth, J. (1992) Chronic course of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 31, 595-599.
64. Kerns, K.A. and Price, K.J. (2001) An investigation of prospective memory in children with ADHD. Child Neuropsychology, 7(3), 162-171.
65. Kessler, R.C., Adler, L., Berkley, R., Biederman, J., Conners, C.K., Demler, O., and Zaslavsky, A.M. (2006) The prevalence and correlates of adult ADHD in the United States: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. American Journal of Psychiatry, 163(4), 716-723.
66. Konofal, E., Lecendreux, M., Bouvard, M.P., and Mouren-Simeoni, M.C. (2001) High levels of nocturnal activity in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A video analysis. Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 55(2), 97-103.
67. Kooij, S.J.J., Bejerot, S., Blackwell, A., Caci, H., Casas-Brugues, M., Carpentier, P.J., Edvinsson, D., Fayyad, J., Foeken, K., Fitzgerald, M., Gaillac, V., Ginsberg, Y., Henry, C., Krause, J., Lensing, M.B., Manor, I., Niederhofer, H., Nunes-Filipe, C., Ohlmeier, M.D., Oswald, P., Pallanti, S., Pehlivanidis, A., Ramos-Quiroga, J.A., Rastam, M., Ryffel-Rawak, D., Stes, S., and Asherson, P. (2010) European consensus statement on diagnosis and treatment of adult ADHD: The European Network Adult ADHD. BMC Psychiatry, 10, 67.
68. Lazarus, R.S. and Folkman, S. (1984) Stress, Appraisal and Coping, New York: Springer Publishing.
69. Levin, E.D., Conners, C.K., Sparrow, E., Hinton, S.C., Erhardt, D., Meck, W.H., Rose, J.E., and March, J. (1996) Nicotine effects on adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Psychopharmacology, 123(1), 55-63.
70. MacLean, A., Dowson, J., Toone, B., Young, S., Bazanis, E., Robbins, T.W., and Sahakian, B.J. (2004) Characteristic neurocognitive profile associated with adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Psychological Medicine, 34, 681-692.
71. Marsh, P.J. and Williams, L.M. (2004) An investigation of individual typologies of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder using cluster analysis of DSM-IV criteria. Personality and Individual Differences, 36(5), 1187-1195.
72. Matsumoto, T., Kamijo, A., Yamaguchi, A., Iseki, E., and Hiravasu, Y. (2005) Childhood histories of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorders in Japanese methamphetamine and inhalant abusers: Preliminary report. Psychiatry Clinical Neuroscience, 59(1), 102-105.
73. Mayes, S.D., Calhoun, S.L., Bixler, E.O., Vgontzas, A.N., Mahr, F., Hillwig-Garcia, J., Elamir, B., Edhere-Ekezie, L., and Parvin, M. (2008) ADHD subtypes and comorbid anxiety, depression, and oppositional-defiant disorder: differences in sleep problems. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 34(3), 328-337.
74. Mazza, S., Pepin, J.L., Naegele, B., Plante, J., Deschaux, C., and Levy, P. (2005) Most obstructive sleep apnoea patients exhibit vigilance and attention deficits on an extended battery of tests. The European Respiratory Journal, 25(1), 75-80.
75. McCarthy, S., Asherson, P., Coghill, D., Hollis, C., Murray, M., Potts, L., Sayal, K., De Soysa, R., Taylor, E., Williams, T., and Wong, I.C.K. (2009) Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: Treatment discontinuation in adolescents and young adults. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 194, 273-277.
76. Miller, W.R. and Rollnick, S. (2002) Motivational Interviewing: Preparing People for Change, 2nd edn, New York: Guildford Press.
77. Millstein, R.B., Wilens, T.E., Biederman J., and Spencer, T.J. (1997) Presenting ADHD symptoms and subtypes in clinically referred adults with ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders, 2(3), 159-166.
78. Moffitt, T.E. (1993) 'Life-course-persistent' and 'adolescence-limited' antisocial behavior: A developmental taxonomy. Psychological Review, 100, 674-701.
79. Morris, R.G., Downes, J.J., Sahakian, B.J., Evenden, J.L., Heald, A., and Robbins, T.W. (1988) Planning and spatial working memory in Parkinson's disease. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 51, 757-766.
80. Murphy, K.R. (1995) Empowering the adult with ADHD, in A Comprehensive Guide to Attention Deficit Disorder in Adults (ed. K. Nadeau), New York: Brunner/Mazel Publishers, pp. 135-145.
81. Murphy, K.R. (1998) Psychological treatment of adults with ADHD, in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. A Handbook for Diagnosis and Treatment (ed. R.A. Barkley). New York: The Guildford Press, pp. 692-703.
82. Murphy, K.R. and Barkley, R.A. (1996) Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in adults. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 37, 393-401.
83. Nadeau, K.G. (ed.) (1995) A Comprehensive Guide to Attention Deficit Disorder in Adults. New York: Brunner/Mazel Publishers.
84. Naseem, S., Chaudhary, B., and Collop, N. (2001) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults and obstructive sleep apnea. Chest, 119(1), 294-296.
85. NICE (National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence) (2009) Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Diagnosis and Management of ADHD in Children, Young People and Adults, London: The British Psychological Society and The Royal College of Psychiatrists.
86. Norman D.A. and Shallice T. (1986) Attention to action: Willed and automatic control of behavior, in Consciousness and Self-Regulation: Advances in Research and Theory, vol. 4 (eds R.J. Davidson, G.E. Schwartz and D. Shapiro), New York: Plenum Press, pp. 1-18.
87. Nutt, D.J., Fone, K., Asherson, P., Bramble, D., Hill, P., Matthews, K., Morris, K.A., Santosh, P., Sonuga-Barke, E., Taylor, E., Weiss, M., and Young, S. (2007) Evidence-based guidelines for management of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adolescents in transition to adult services and in adults: recommendations from the British Association for Psychopharmacology. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 21(1), 10-41.
88. Owens, J.A. (2005) The ADHD and sleep conundrum: A review. Journal of Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics, 26(4), 312-322.
89. Park, M.J., Paul Mulye, T., Adams, S.H., Brindis, C.D., and Irwin, C.E. (2006) The health status of young adults in the United States. Journal of Adolescent Health, 39, 305-317.
90. Parnes, S.J., Noller, R.B., and Biondi, A.M. (1977) Guide to Creative Action: Revised Edition of Creative Behavior Guidebook, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
91. Pauls, D.L. and Leckman, J.F. (1986) The inheritance of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome and associated behaviors: Evidence for autosomal dominant transmission. New England Journal of Medicine, 315, 993-997.
92. Pliszka, S.R (1989) Effect of anxiety on cognition, behaviour, and stimulant response in ADHD. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 28, 882-887.
93. Pliszka, S.R. (1998) Comorbidity of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with psychiatric disorder: An overview. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 59(Suppl 7), 50-58.
94. Pliszka, S.R. (2003) Non-stimulant treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. CNS Spectrums, 8(4), 253-258.
95. Pliszka, S.R., Hatch, J.P., Borcherding, S.H., and Rogeness, G.A. (1993) Classical conditioning in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and anxiety disorders: A test of Quay's model. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 21, 411-423.
96. Powell, J. (2004a) Effects of medication on cognitive functioning, in Clinical Neuropsychology: A Practical Guide to Assessment and Management for Clinicians (eds L.H. Goldsteinand J.E. McNeil), Chichester: Wiley, Chapter 5.
97. Powell, T. (2004b) Head Injury, Bicester: Speechmark Publishing Ltd.
98. Prior, M. and Sanson, A. (1986) Attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity: A critique. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 27(3), 307-319.
99. Prochaska, J.O. and DiClemente, C.C. (1982) Transtheoretical therapy: Toward a more integrative model of change. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, and Practice, 19, 276-288.
100. Rabiner, D. and Cole, J.D. (2000) Early attention problems and children's reading achievement: A longitudinal investigation. Journal of the American Academy of Children and Adolescent Psychiatry, 39, 859-867.
101. Ramsay, J.R. and Rostain, A.L. (2005) Adapting psychotherapy to meet the needs of adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 42(1), 72-84.
102. Riccio, C.A., Wolfe, M.E., Romine, C., Davis, B., and Sullivan, J.R. (2004) The Tower of London and neuropsychological assessment of ADHD in adults. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 19(5), 661-671.
103. Rose, E.D., Bramham, J., Young, S.J., Paliokosta, E., and Xenitidis, K. (2009). Neuropsychological characteristics of adults with comorbid ADHD and borderline/mild intellectual disability. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 30(3), 496-502
104. Rosler, M., Retz, W., Retz-Junginger, P., Hengesch, G., Schneider, M., Supprian, T., Schwitzgebel, P., Pinhard, K., Dovi-Akue, N., Wender, P., and Thome, J. (2004) Prevalence of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and comorbid disorders in young male prison inmates. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 254, 365-371.
105. Roth, A. and Fonagy, P. (1996) What works for whom? New York: The Guilford Press.
106. Rubia, K., Oosterlaan, J., Sergeant, J.A., Brandeis, D., and Leeuwen, T. (1998) Inhibitory dysfunction in hyperactive boys. Behavioural Brain Research, 94, 25-32.
107. Rubia, K., Overmeyer, S., Taylor, E., Brammer, M, Williams, S.C.R., Simmons, A., and Bullmore, E.T. (1999) Hypofrontality in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder during higher-order motor control: A study with functional MRI. American Journal of Psychiatry, 156(6), 891-896.
108. Rubia, K., Overmeyer, S., Taylor, E., Brammer, M, Williams S.C.R., Simmons, A., Andrew, C., and Bullmore, E.T. (2000) Functional frontalisation with age: Mapping neurodevelopmental trajectories with fMRI. Neuroscience and Biobehavioural Reviews, 24, 13-19.
109. Rucklidge, J.J. and Tannock, R. (2001) Psychiatric, psychosocial, and cognitive functioning of female adolescents with ADHD. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 40(5), 530-540.
110. Rutter, M. (2005) Environmentally mediated risks for psychopathology: Research strategies and findings. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 44(1), 3-18.
111. Sadeh, A., Pergamin, L., and Bar-Haim, Y. (2006) Sleep in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A meta-analysis of polysomnographic studies. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 10(6) 381-398.
112. Safren, S.A., Otto, M.W., Sprich, S., Perlman, C.L., Wilens, T.E., and Biederman, J. (2005a) Cognitive behavioral therapy for ADHD in medication-treated adults with continued symptoms. Behavior Research and Therapy, 43(7), 831-842.
113. Safren, S.A., Perlman, C.A., Sprich, S., and Otto M.W. (2005b) Mastering Your Adult ADHD: A Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment Program, New York: Oxford University Press.
114. Safren, S.A., Sprich, S., Mimiaga, M.J., Surman, C., Knouse, L., Groves, M., and Otto, M.W. (2010) Cognitive behavioural therapy vs. relaxation with educational support for medication-treated adults with ADHD and persistent symptoms: A randomized controlled trial. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 304(Suppl 8), 875-880.
115. Satterfield, T., Swanson, J., Schell, A., and Lee, F. (1994) Prediction of anti-social behaviour in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder boys from aggression/defiance scores. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 33(2), 185-190.
116. Seixas, M., Weiss, M., and Muller, U. (2011) Systematic review of national and international guidelines on attentional-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Psychopharmacology (ePub), available at http://jop.sagepub.com/content/early/2011/09/24/0269881111412095.abstract?rss=1 (accessed 22 November 2011).
117. Shallice, T. and Burgess, P.W. (1996) The domain of supervisory processes and temporal organization of behaviour. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London, 351, 1405-1411.
118. Sizoo, B., van den Brink, W., Koeter, M., van Eenige, M.G., van Wijngaarden-Cremers, P., and van der Gaag, R.J. (2010) Treatment seeking adults with autism or ADHD and co-morbid substance use disorder: Prevalence, risk factors and functional disability. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 107, 44-50.
119. Sobanski, E. (2006) Psychiatric comorbidity in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 256(Suppl 1), i26-31.
120. Solanto, M.V., Marks, D.J., Wasserstein, J., Mitchell, K., Abikoff, H., Alvir, J.M., and Kofman, M.D. (2010) Efficacy of meta-cognitive therapy for adult ADHD. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 167(Suppl 8), 958-968.
121. Sonuga-Barke, E.J.S., Daley, D., and Thompson, M. (2002) Does maternal ADHD reduce the effectiveness of parent training for preschool children's ADHD? Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 41, 696-702.
122. Sonuga-Barke, E.J., Taylor, E., Sembi, S., and Smith, J. (1992) Hyperactivity and delay aversion-I: The effect of delay on choice. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 33(2), 387-398.
123. Sprich-Buchminster, S., Biederman, J., Milberger, S., Faraone, S.V., and Lehman, B.K. (1993) Are perinatal complications relevant to the manifestation of ADD? Issues of comorbidity and familiarity. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 32, 1032-1037.
124. Staller, J.A. and Faraone, S.V. (2007) Targeting the dopamine system in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 7(4), 351-362.
125. Steinhausen, H-C. (2009) The heterogeneity of causes and courses of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 120, 392-399.
126. Stergiakouli, E. and Thapar, A. (2010) Fitting the pieces together: Current research on the genetic basis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Journal of Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 6, 551-560.
127. Stevenson, C.S., Whitmont, S., Bornholt, L., Livesey, D., and Stevenson, R.J. (2002) A cognitive remediation programme for adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 36, 610-616.
128. Sullivan, M.A. and Rudnik-Levin, F. (2001) Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and substance abuse. Diagnostic and therapeutic considerations. Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 931, 251-270.
129. Tannock, R. (2000) Attention deficit disorders with anxiety disorders, in Attention Deficit Disorders and Comorbidities in Children, Adolescents and Adults (ed. S. Brown), New York: American Psychiatric Press, pp. 125-170.
130. Taylor, E., Chadwick, O., Heptinstall, E., and Danckaerts, M. (1996) Hyperactivity and conduct problems as risk factors for adolescent development. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 35(9), 1213-1226.
131. Teasdale, J.D. and Fogarty, S.J. (1979) Differential effects of induced mood on retrieval of pleasant and unpleasant events from episodic memory. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 88(3), 248-257.
132. Thapar, A., Harrington, R., and McGuffin, P. (2001) Examining the comorbidity of ADHDrelated behaviours and conduct problems using a twin study design. British Journal of Psychiatry, 179, 224-229.
133. Upadhyaya, H.P. (2008) Substance use disorders in children and adolescents with attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder: Implications for treatment and the role of the primary care physician. Primary Care Companion to the Journal of Clinincal Psychiatry, 10, 211-221.
134. Uzun, N. and Kendirli, Y. (2005) Clinical, social-demographic, neurophysiological and neuropsychiatric evaluation of children with volatile substance addiction. Child Care Health Development, 31(4), 425-443.
135. Van Horn, D.H. and Bux, D.A. (2001) A pilot test of motivational interviewing groups for dually diagnosed inpatients. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 20(2), 191-195.
136. Van Veen, M.M., Kooij, J.J., Boonstra, A.M., Gordijn, M.C., and Van Someren, E.J. (2010) Delayed circadian rhythm in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and chronic sleep-onset insomnia. Biological Psychiatry, 67(11), 1091-1096.
137. Vance, A.L., Luk, E.S., Costin, J., Tonge, B.J., and Pantelis, C. (1999) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: anxiety phenomena in children treated with psychostimulant medication for 6 months or more. Australia New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 33(3), 399-406.
138. Virta, M., Salakari, A., Antila, M., Chydenius, E., Partinen, M., Kaski, M., Vataja, R., Kalska, H., and Iivanainen, M. (2010) Short cognitive behavioural therapy and cognitive training for adults with ADHD-a randomized controlled pilot study. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 7(Suppl 6), 443-453.
139. Wagner, M.L., Walters, A.S., and Fisher, B.C. (2004) Symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adults with restless legs syndrome. Sleep, 15:27(8), 1499-1504.
140. Weinstein, C. (1994) Cognitive remediation strategies: An adjunct to psychotherapy of adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Psychotherapy Practice and Research, 3(1), 44-57.
141. Weiss, M., Hechtman, L., Milroy, T., and Perlman, T. (1985) Psychiatric status of hyperactives as adults: a controlled perspective. 15 year follow up of 63 hyperactive children. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 24, 211-220.
142. Weiss, M., Hechtman, L., and Weiss, G. (1999) ADHD in Adulthood: A Guide to Current Theory, Diagnosis and Treatment, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
143. While, A., Forbes, A., Ullman, R., Lewis, S., Mathes, L., and Griffiths, P. (2004) Good practices that address continuity during transition fromchild to adult care: Synthesis of the evidence. Child Care Health Development, 30, 439-452.
144. Wilens, T.E., Faraone, A.V., Biederman, J., and Gunawardene, S. (2003) Does stimulant therapy of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders beget later substance misuse? A metaanalytic review of the literature. Pediatrics, 111, 179-185.
145. Wilens, T.E., McDermott, S.P., Biederman, J., Abrantes, A., Hahesy, A., and Spencer, T.J. (1999) Cognitive therapy in the treatment of adults with ADHD: A systematic chart review of 26 cases. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy: An International Quarterly, 13, 215-226.
146. Wilson, B.A., Alderman, N., Burgess, P.W., Emslie, H., and Evans, J.J. (1996) Behavioural Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome (BADS), Bury St. Edmunds: Thames Valley Test Company.
147. World Health Organisation (WHO) (1992) ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders, Geneva: WHO.
148. Wu, L.T., Pilowsky, D.J., and Schlenger, W.E. (2005) High prevalence of substance use disorders among adolescents who use marijuana and inhalants. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 78(1), 23-32.
149. Young, S.J. (1999) Psychological therapy for adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 12(2), 183-190.
150. Young, S.J. (2002) A model of psychotherapy for adults with ADHD, in A Clinician's Guide to Adult ADHD: Assessment and Intervention (eds S. Goldstein and R. Brooks), New York: Academic Press.
151. Young, S. (2005) Coping strategies used by adults with ADHD. Personality and Individual Differences, 38(4), 809-816.
152. Young, S., Adamou, M., Bolea, B., Müller, U., Pitts, M., Thome, J., and Asherson, P. (2011) The identification and management of ADHD offenders within the criminal justice system: a consensus statement from the UK Adult ADHD Network and criminal justice agencies, BMC Psychiatry, 11(1), 32.
153. Young. S. and Amarasinghe. J.A. (2010) Practitioner review: Non-pharmacological treatments for ADHD: A lifespan approach. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51(2), 116-133.
154. Young, S., Bramham, J., and Gray, K. (2009) A phenomenological analysis of the experience of receiving a diagnosis and treatment of ADHD in adulthood. A partner's perspective. Journal of Attention Disorders, 12(4), 299-307.
155. Young, S., Bramham, J., Gray, K., and Rose, E. (2008) The experience of receiving a diagnosis and treatment of ADHD in adulthood. A qualitative study of clinically referred patients using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Journal of Attention Disorders, 11(4), 493-504.
156. Young, S., Chadwick, O., Heptinstall, E., Taylor, E., and Sonuga-Barke, E.J. (2005a) The adolescent outcome of hyperactive girls. Self-reported interpersonal relationships and coping mechanisms. European Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 14(5), 245-253.
157. Young, S., Channon, S., and Toone, B.K. (2000) Neuropsychological assessment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in adulthood. Clinical Neuropsychological Assessment, 1(4), 283-294.
158. Young, S. and Gudjonsson, G. (2008) Growing out of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: The relationship between functioning and symptoms, Journal of Attention Disorders, 12(2), 162-169.
159. Young, S., Gudjonsson, G.H., Misch, P., Collins, P., Carter, P., Redfern, J., and Goodwin, E. (2010) Prevalence of ADHD symptoms among youth in a secure facility: The consistency and accuracy of self-and informant-report ratings. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology, 21(2), 238-246.
160. Young, S., Heptinstall, E., Sonuga-Barke, E.J.S., Chadwick, O., and Taylor, E. (2005b) The adolescent outcome of hyperactive girls: Self-report of psychosocial status. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 46(3), 255-262.
161. Young, S., Hopkin, G., Perkins, D., Farr, C., Doidge, A., and Gudjonsson, G.H. (forthcoming) A controlled trial of a cognitive skills program for personality disordered offenders. Journal of Attention Disorders. DOI:10.1177/1087054711430333
162. Young, S., Morris, R.G., Toone, B.K., and Tyson, C. (2006) Spatial working memory and strategy formation in adults diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Personality and Individual Differences, 41, 653-661.
163. Young, S., Morris, R.G., Toone, B.K., and Tyson, C. (2007) Planning ability in adults diagnosed with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A deficit in planning ability. Neuropsychology, 21(5), 581-589.
164. Young, S., Murphy, C.M., and Coghill, D. (2011) Avoiding the 'twilight zone': Guidance and recommendations on ADHD and the transition between child and adult services. BMC Psychiatry. 11:174 http://www.biomedcentral.com/qc/1471-244X/11/174doi:10.1186/1471-244X-11-174
165. Young, S.J. and Ross, R.R. (2007) R&R2 for ADHD Youths and Adults with ADHD: A Prosocial Competence Training Program. Ottawa: Cognitive Centre of Canada. Retrieved from www.cognitivecentre.ca
166. Young, S., Toone, B., and Tyson, C. (2003) Comorbidity and psychosocial profile of adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Personality and Individual Differences, 35(4), 743-755.