메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 11, Issue 6, 2012, Pages 969-983

Are salt loading and prolonging infusion period effective in prevention of amphotericin B-induced nephrotoxicity?

Author keywords

Amphotericin; Nephrotoxicity; Prevention; Treatment

Indexed keywords

AMPHOTERICIN B; AMPHOTERICIN B CHOLESTEROL SULFATE; AMPHOTERICIN B LIPID COMPLEX; CYCLOSPORIN A; FUROSEMIDE; SODIUM CHLORIDE;

EID: 84867816193     PISSN: 14740338     EISSN: 1744764X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1517/14740338.2012.721775     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (23)

References (56)
  • 2
    • 85012839775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amphotericin B-induced nephrotoxicity
    • Ulozas E. Amphotericin B-induced nephrotoxicity. Compr Toxicol 2010;7:347-57
    • (2010) Compr Toxicol , vol.7 , pp. 347-357
    • Ulozas, E.1
  • 3
    • 0025256091 scopus 로고
    • Amphotericin B: 30 years of clinical experience
    • Gallis HA, Drew RH, Pickard WW. Amphotericin B: 30 years of clinical experience. Rev Infect Dis 1990;12:308-29
    • (1990) Rev Infect Dis , vol.12 , pp. 308-329
    • Gallis, H.A.1    Drew, R.H.2    Pickard, W.W.3
  • 4
    • 0029014618 scopus 로고
    • Sodium chloride treatment of amphotericin B nephrotoxicity-standard of care?
    • Anderson CM. Sodium chloride treatment of amphotericin B nephrotoxicity-standard of care? West J Med 1995;162:313-17
    • (1995) West J Med , vol.162 , pp. 313-317
    • Anderson, C.M.1
  • 5
    • 0035173531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The epidemiology of nephrotoxicity associated with conventional amphotericin B therapy
    • Harbarth S, Pestotnik SL, Lloyd JF, et al. The epidemiology of nephrotoxicity associated with conventional amphotericin B therapy. Am J Med 2001;111:528-34
    • (2001) Am J Med , vol.111 , pp. 528-534
    • Harbarth, S.1    Pestotnik, S.L.2    Lloyd, J.F.3
  • 6
    • 0035282477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality and costs of acute renal failure associated with amphotericin B therapy
    • Bates DW, Su L, Yu DT, et al. Mortality and costs of acute renal failure associated with amphotericin B therapy. Clin Infect Dis 2001;32:686-93
    • (2001) Clin Infect Dis , vol.32 , pp. 686-693
    • Bates, D.W.1    Su, L.2    Yu, D.T.3
  • 7
    • 0034525028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amphotericin B-induced nephrotoxicity: A review
    • Fanos V, Cataldi L. Amphotericin B-induced nephrotoxicity: a review. J Chemother 2000;12(6):463-70
    • (2000) J Chemother , vol.12 , Issue.6 , pp. 463-470
    • Fanos, V.1    Cataldi, L.2
  • 8
    • 3543097595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amphotericin B nephrotoxicity in children
    • Goldman RD, Koren G. Amphotericin B nephrotoxicity in children. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2004;26:421-6
    • (2004) J Pediatr Hematol Oncol , vol.26 , pp. 421-426
    • Goldman, R.D.1    Koren, G.2
  • 9
    • 0026648044 scopus 로고
    • Direct amphotericin B-mediated tubular toxicity: Assessments of selected cytoprotective agents
    • Zager RA, Bredl CR, Schimpf BA. Direct amphotericin B-mediated tubular toxicity: assessments of selected cytoprotective agents. Kidney Int 1992;41:1588-94
    • (1992) Kidney Int , vol.41 , pp. 1588-1594
    • Zager, R.A.1    Bredl, C.R.2    Schimpf, B.A.3
  • 10
    • 67049165535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fluid, electrolyte and acid-base disorders associated with antibiotic therapy
    • Zietse R, Zoutendijk R, Hoorn EJ. Fluid, electrolyte and acid-base disorders associated with antibiotic therapy. Nat Rev Nephrol 2009;5:193-202
    • (2009) Nat Rev Nephrol , vol.5 , pp. 193-202
    • Zietse, R.1    Zoutendijk, R.2    Hoorn, E.J.3
  • 12
    • 0033376314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical significance of nephrotoxicity in patients treated with amphotericin B for suspected or proven aspergillosis
    • Wingard JR, Kubilis P, Lee L, et al. Clinical significance of nephrotoxicity in patients treated with amphotericin B for suspected or proven aspergillosis. Clin Infect Dis 1999;29:1402-7
    • (1999) Clin Infect Dis , vol.29 , pp. 1402-1407
    • Wingard, J.R.1    Kubilis, P.2    Lee, L.3
  • 13
    • 0019504067 scopus 로고
    • Sodium depletion enhances nephrotoxicity of amphotericin B
    • Feely J, Heidemann H, Gerkens J, et al. Sodium depletion enhances nephrotoxicity of amphotericin B. Lancet 1981;1:1422-3
    • (1981) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 1422-1423
    • Feely, J.1    Heidemann, H.2    Gerkens, J.3
  • 14
    • 0020639441 scopus 로고
    • Amphotericin B nephrotoxicity in humans decreased by salt repletion
    • Heidemann HT, Gerkens JF, Spickard WA, et al. Amphotericin B nephrotoxicity in humans decreased by salt repletion. Am J Med 1983; 75:476-81
    • (1983) Am J Med , vol.75 , pp. 476-481
    • Heidemann, H.T.1    Gerkens, J.F.2    Spickard, W.A.3
  • 15
    • 0023160093 scopus 로고
    • Amphotericin-B nephrotoxicity in humans decreased by sodium supplements with coadministration of ticarcillin or intravenous saline
    • Branch RA, Jackson EK, Jacqz E, et al. Amphotericin-B nephrotoxicity in humans decreased by sodium supplements with coadministration of ticarcillin or intravenous saline. Klin Wochenschr 1987;65:500-6
    • (1987) Klin Wochenschr , vol.65 , pp. 500-506
    • Branch, R.A.1    Jackson, E.K.2    Jacqz, E.3
  • 16
    • 0023804883 scopus 로고
    • Nephrotoxicity in leukemic patients receiving empirical amphotericin B and aminoglycosides
    • Stein RS, Albridge K, Lenox RK, et al. Nephrotoxicity in leukemic patients receiving empirical amphotericin B and aminoglycosides. South Med J 1988;81:1095-9
    • (1988) South Med J , vol.81 , pp. 1095-1099
    • Stein, R.S.1    Albridge, K.2    Lenox, R.K.3
  • 17
    • 0024425867 scopus 로고
    • Prevention of amphotericin-B-induced nephrotoxicity by loading with sodium chloride: A report of 1291 days of treatment with amphotericin B without renal failure
    • Arning M, Scharf R. Prevention of amphotericin-B-induced nephrotoxicity by loading with sodium chloride: a report of 1291 days of treatment with amphotericin B without renal failure. Klin Wochenschr 1989;67:1020-8
    • (1989) Klin Wochenschr , vol.67 , pp. 1020-1028
    • Arning, M.1    Scharf, R.2
  • 18
    • 0024463394 scopus 로고
    • Sodium protects against nephrotoxicity in patients receiving amphotericin B
    • Stein RS, Alexander JA. Sodium protects against nephrotoxicity in patients receiving amphotericin B. Am J Med Sci 1989;298:299-304
    • (1989) Am J Med Sci , vol.298 , pp. 299-304
    • Stein, R.S.1    Alexander, J.A.2
  • 19
    • 0025830941 scopus 로고
    • Effect of salt supplementation on amphotericin B nephrotoxicity
    • Llanos A, Cieza J, Bernardo J, et al. Effect of salt supplementation on amphotericin B nephrotoxicity. Kidney Int 1991;40:302-8
    • (1991) Kidney Int , vol.40 , pp. 302-308
    • Llanos, A.1    Cieza, J.2    Bernardo, J.3
  • 20
    • 0036681666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced nephrotoxicity of conventional amphotericin B therapy after minimal nephroprotective measures: Animal experiments and clinical study
    • Mayer J DM, Doubek J, Horký D, et al. Reduced nephrotoxicity of conventional amphotericin B therapy after minimal nephroprotective measures: animal experiments and clinical study. J Infect Dis 2002;186:379-88
    • (2002) J Infect Dis , vol.186 , pp. 379-388
    • Mayer, J.D.M.1    Doubek, J.2    Horký, D.3
  • 21
    • 27744436980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of hydration with salt repletion on renal toxicity of conventional amphotericin B empirical therapy: A prospective study in patients with hematological malignancies
    • Girmenia C, Cimino G, Cristofano F, et al. Effects of hydration with salt repletion on renal toxicity of conventional amphotericin B empirical therapy: a prospective study in patients with hematological malignancies. Support Care Cancer 2005;13:987-92
    • (2005) Support Care Cancer , vol.13 , pp. 987-992
    • Girmenia, C.1    Cimino, G.2    Cristofano, F.3
  • 22
    • 33746864920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amphotericin B-related nephrotoxicity in low-risk patients
    • Berdichevski RH, Luis LB, Crestana L, et al. Amphotericin B-related nephrotoxicity in low-risk patients. BJID 2006;10:94-9
    • (2006) BJID , vol.10 , pp. 94-99
    • Berdichevski, R.H.1    Luis, L.B.2    Crestana, L.3
  • 23
    • 0031657041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Declining severity adjusted mortality: Evidence of improving neonatal intensive care
    • Richardson DK, Gray JE, Gortmaker SL, et al. Declining severity adjusted mortality: evidence of improving neonatal intensive care. Pediatrics 1998;102:893-9
    • (1998) Pediatrics , vol.102 , pp. 893-899
    • Richardson, D.K.1    Gray, J.E.2    Gortmaker, S.L.3
  • 24
    • 18444388276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Late-onset sepsis in very low birth weight neonates: The experience of the NICHD Neonatal Research Network
    • Stoll BJ, Hansen N, Fanaroff AA, et al. Late-onset sepsis in very low birth weight neonates: the experience of the NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Pediatrics 2002;110:285-91
    • (2002) Pediatrics , vol.110 , pp. 285-291
    • Stoll, B.J.1    Hansen, N.2    Fanaroff, A.A.3
  • 25
    • 0034131016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systemic Candida infection in extremely low birth weight infants: Short term morbidity and long term neurodevelopmental outcome
    • Friedman S, Richardson SE, Jacobs SE, O'Brien K. Systemic Candida infection in extremely low birth weight infants: short term morbidity and long term neurodevelopmental outcome. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2000;19:499-504
    • (2000) Pediatr Infect Dis J , vol.19 , pp. 499-504
    • Friedman, S.1    Richardson, S.E.2    Jacobs, S.E.3    O'Brien, K.4
  • 26
    • 4344674642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of fluid and electrolyte management on amphotericin B-induced nephrotoxicity among extremely low birth weight infants
    • Holler B, Omar SA, Farid MD, et al. Effects of fluid and electrolyte management on amphotericin B-induced nephrotoxicity among extremely low birth weight infants. Pediatrics 2004;113:e608-16
    • (2004) Pediatrics , vol.113
    • Holler, B.1    Omar, S.A.2    Farid, M.D.3
  • 27
    • 59849122833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of sodium intake on Amphotericin B-induced nephrotoxicity among extremely premature infants
    • Turcu R, Patterson MJ, Omar S. Influence of sodium intake on Amphotericin B-induced nephrotoxicity among extremely premature infants. Pediatr Nephrol 2009;24:497-505
    • (2009) Pediatr Nephrol , vol.24 , pp. 497-505
    • Turcu, R.1    Patterson, M.J.2    Omar, S.3
  • 28
    • 39049180662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral rehydration solution to prevent nephrotoxicity of amphotericin B
    • Echevarria J, Seas C, Cruz M, et al. Oral rehydration solution to prevent nephrotoxicity of amphotericin B. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2006;75:1108-12
    • (2006) Am J Trop Med Hyg , vol.75 , pp. 1108-1112
    • Echevarria, J.1    Seas, C.2    Cruz, M.3
  • 29
    • 0033046042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipid-based amphotericin B for the treatment of fungal infections
    • Slain D. Lipid-based amphotericin B for the treatment of fungal infections. Pharmacotherapy 1999;19:306-23
    • (1999) Pharmacotherapy , vol.19 , pp. 306-323
    • Slain, D.1
  • 30
    • 7344264567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized, double-blind clinical trial of amphotericin B colloidal dispersion vs. amphotericin B in the empirical treatment of fever and neutropenia
    • White MH, Bowden RA, Sandler ES, et al. Randomized, double-blind clinical trial of amphotericin B colloidal dispersion vs. amphotericin B in the empirical treatment of fever and neutropenia. Clin Infect Dis 1998; 27:296-302
    • (1998) Clin Infect Dis , vol.27 , pp. 296-302
    • White, M.H.1    Bowden, R.A.2    Sandler, E.S.3
  • 31
    • 0035665846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can we decrease amphotericin nephrotoxicity?
    • Costa S, Nucci M. Can we decrease amphotericin nephrotoxicity? Curr Opin Crit Care 2001;7:379-83
    • (2001) Curr Opin Crit Care , vol.7 , pp. 379-383
    • Costa, S.1    Nucci, M.2
  • 33
    • 0038282815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A systematic review of the antifungal effectiveness and tolerability of amphotericin B formulations
    • Barrett JP, Vardulaki KA, Conlon C, et al. A systematic review of the antifungal effectiveness and tolerability of amphotericin B formulations. Clin Ther 2003;25:1295-320
    • (2003) Clin Ther , vol.25 , pp. 1295-1320
    • Barrett, J.P.1    Vardulaki, K.A.2    Conlon, C.3
  • 34
    • 0021345457 scopus 로고
    • Liposomal amphotericin B is toxic to fungal cells but not to mammalian cells
    • Mehta R, Lopez-Berestein G, Hopfer R, et al. Liposomal amphotericin B is toxic to fungal cells but not to mammalian cells. Biochim Biophys Acta 1984;770:230-4
    • (1984) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.770 , pp. 230-234
    • Mehta, R.1    Lopez-Berestein, G.2    Hopfer, R.3
  • 35
    • 0026043820 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacology and toxicology of a liposomal formulation of amphotericin B (AmBisome) in rodents
    • Proffitt RT, Satorius A, Chiang SM et al. Pharmacology and toxicology of a liposomal formulation of amphotericin B (AmBisome) in rodents. J Antimicrob Chemother 1991;28(Suppl B):49-61
    • (1991) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.28 , Issue.SUPPL. B , pp. 49-61
    • Proffitt, R.T.1    Satorius, A.2    Chiang, S.M.3
  • 36
    • 0028266748 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics and safety of a unilamellar liposomal formulation of amphotericin B (AmBisome) in rabbits
    • Lee JW, Amantea MA, Francis PA, et al. Pharmacokinetics and safety of a unilamellar liposomal formulation of amphotericin B (AmBisome) in rabbits. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1994;38:713-18
    • (1994) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.38 , pp. 713-718
    • Lee, J.W.1    Amantea, M.A.2    Francis, P.A.3
  • 37
    • 0028084861 scopus 로고
    • Influence of lipoproteins on renal cytotoxicity and antifungal activity of amphotericin B
    • Wasan KM, Rosenblum MG, Cheung L, et al. Influence of lipoproteins on renal cytotoxicity and antifungal activity of amphotericin B. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1994;38:223-7
    • (1994) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.38 , pp. 223-227
    • Wasan, K.M.1    Rosenblum, M.G.2    Cheung, L.3
  • 38
    • 0026694824 scopus 로고
    • Amphotericin B-phospholipid interactions responsible for reduced mammalian cell toxicity
    • Perkins WR, Minchey SR, Boni LT, et al. Amphotericin B-phospholipid interactions responsible for reduced mammalian cell toxicity. Biochim Biophys Acta 1992;1107:271-82
    • (1992) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1107 , pp. 271-282
    • Perkins, W.R.1    Minchey, S.R.2    Boni, L.T.3
  • 39
    • 0026567220 scopus 로고
    • Double-blind randomized study of the effect of infusion rates on toxicity of amphotericin B
    • Ellis ME, al-Hokail AA, Clink HM, et al. Double-blind randomized study of the effect of infusion rates on toxicity of amphotericin B. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1992;36:172-9
    • (1992) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.36 , pp. 172-179
    • Ellis, M.E.1    Al-Hokail, A.A.2    Clink, H.M.3
  • 40
    • 0026725707 scopus 로고
    • Rapid intravenous infusion of amphotericin B: A pilot study
    • Cruz JM, Peacock JE Jr, Loomer L, et al. Rapid intravenous infusion of amphotericin B: a pilot study. Am J Med 1992;93:123-30
    • (1992) Am J Med , vol.93 , pp. 123-130
    • Cruz, J.M.1    Peacock Jr., J.E.2    Loomer, L.3
  • 41
    • 0035835901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of effects of amphotericin B deoxycholate infused over 4 or 24 hours: Randomized controlled trial
    • Eriksson U, Seifert B, Schaffner A. Comparison of effects of amphotericin B deoxycholate infused over 4 or 24 hours: randomized controlled trial. BMJ 2001;322:1-6
    • (2001) BMJ , vol.322 , pp. 1-6
    • Eriksson, U.1    Seifert, B.2    Schaffner, A.3
  • 42
    • 0037445546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous infusion of escalated doses of amphotericin B deoxycholate: An open-label observational study
    • Imhof A, Walter RB, Schaffner A. Continuous infusion of escalated doses of amphotericin B deoxycholate: an open-label observational study. CID 2003;36:943-51
    • (2003) CID , vol.36 , pp. 943-951
    • Imhof, A.1    Walter, R.B.2    Schaffner, A.3
  • 43
    • 6344220071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous and 4 h infusion of amphotericin B: A comparative study involving high-risk haematology patients
    • Peleg A, Woods M. Continuous and 4 h infusion of amphotericin B: a comparative study involving high-risk haematology patients. JAC 2004;54:803-8
    • (2004) JAC , vol.54 , pp. 803-808
    • Peleg, A.1    Woods, M.2
  • 44
    • 30644479056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous infusion of amphotericin B: preliminary experience at Faculdade de Medicina da Fundacao ABC
    • Uehara RP SV, Koshimura ET, Prudente FV, et al. Continuous infusion of amphotericin B: preliminary experience at Faculdade de Medicina da Fundacao ABC. Sao Paulo Med J 2005;123:219-22
    • (2005) Sao Paulo Med J , vol.123 , pp. 219-222
    • Uehara, R.P.S.V.1    Koshimura, E.T.2    Prudente, F.V.3
  • 45
    • 0033545538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liposomal amphotericin B for empirical therapy in patients with persistent fever and neutropenia
    • Walsh TJ, Finberg RW, Arndt C, et al. Liposomal amphotericin B for empirical therapy in patients with persistent fever and neutropenia. N Engl J Med 1999;340:764-71
    • (1999) N Engl J Med , vol.340 , pp. 764-771
    • Walsh, T.J.1    Finberg, R.W.2    Arndt, C.3
  • 46
    • 23144444248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brief report: Practicability and safety of amphotericin B deoxycholate as continuous infusion in neutropenic patients with hematological malignancies
    • Schulenburg A SW, Rabitsch W, Knaobl P, et al. Brief report: practicability and safety of amphotericin B deoxycholate as continuous infusion in neutropenic patients with hematological malignancies. Leuk Lymphoma 2005;46:1163-7
    • (2005) Leuk Lymphoma , vol.46 , pp. 1163-1167
    • Schulenburg, A.S.W.1    Rabitsch, W.2    Knaobl, P.3
  • 47
    • 33846651284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implementation of clinical practice policy on the continuous intravenous administration of amphotericin B deoxycholate
    • Maharom P, Thamlikitkul V. Implementation of Clinical Practice Policy on the Continuous Intravenous Administration of Amphotericin B Deoxycholate. J Med Assoc Thai 2006;89:S118-24
    • (2006) J Med Assoc Thai , vol.89
    • Maharom, P.1    Thamlikitkul, V.2
  • 48
    • 34447535352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amphotericin B deoxycholate: No significant advantage of a 24 h over a 6 h infusion schedule
    • Altmannsberger P, Holler E, Andreesen R, et al. Amphotericin B deoxycholate: no significant advantage of a 24 h over a 6 h infusion schedule. J Antimicrob Chemother 2007;60:180-2
    • (2007) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.60 , pp. 180-182
    • Altmannsberger, P.1    Holler, E.2    Andreesen, R.3
  • 49
    • 0037055914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tolerability, safety and efficacy of conventional amphotericin B administered by 24-hour infusion to lung transplant recipients
    • Speich R, Dutly A, Naef R, et al. Tolerability, safety and efficacy of conventional amphotericin B administered by 24-hour infusion to lung transplant recipients. SWISS MED WKLY 2002;132:455-8
    • (2002) SWISS MED WKLY , vol.132 , pp. 455-458
    • Speich, R.1    Dutly, A.2    Naef, R.3
  • 50
    • 0037098679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nephrotoxicity of cyclosporine A and amphotericin B-deoxycholate as continuous infusion in allogeneic stem cell transplantation
    • Furrer K, Schaffner A, Vavricka SR, et al. Nephrotoxicity of cyclosporine A and amphotericin B-deoxycholate as continuous infusion in allogeneic stem cell transplantation. SWISS MED WKLY 2002;132:316-20
    • (2002) SWISS MED WKLY , vol.132 , pp. 316-320
    • Furrer, K.1    Schaffner, A.2    Vavricka, S.R.3
  • 51
    • 84867813720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Handbook on injectable drugs
    • 16th edition Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda MD 20814
    • Trissel L. Handbook on injectable drugs. 16th edition. American society of health-system pharmacists; 7272, Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda MD 20814. 2011
    • (2011) American Society of Health-system Pharmacists , vol.7272
    • Trissel, L.1
  • 52
    • 11344268735 scopus 로고
    • Assay and stability of amphotericin B in aqueous solutions
    • Gallelli JF. Assay and stability of amphotericin B in aqueous solutions. Ann Pharmacother 1967;1:102-5
    • (1967) Ann Pharmacother , vol.1 , pp. 102-105
    • Gallelli, J.F.1
  • 54
    • 0015577507 scopus 로고
    • Light sensitivity of prepared solutions of amphotericin B
    • Shadomy S, Brummer DL, Ingroff AV. Light sensitivity of prepared solutions of amphotericin B. Am Rev Respir Dis 1973;107:303-4
    • (1973) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.107 , pp. 303-304
    • Shadomy, S.1    Brummer, D.L.2    Ingroff, A.V.3
  • 55
    • 0030950680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antifungal pharmacodynamic characteristics of fluconazole and amphotericin B tested against Candida albicans
    • Klepser ME, Wolfe EJ, Jones RN, et al. Antifungal pharmacodynamic characteristics of fluconazole and amphotericin B tested against Candida albicans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1997;41:1392-5
    • (1997) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.41 , pp. 1392-1395
    • Klepser, M.E.1    Wolfe, E.J.2    Jones, R.N.3
  • 56
    • 0031946869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antifungal pharmaco-dynamic characteristics of fluconazole and amphotericin B against Cryptococcus neoformans
    • Klepser ME, Wolfe EJ, Pfaller MA. Antifungal pharmaco-dynamic characteristics of fluconazole and amphotericin B against Cryptococcus neoformans. J Antimicrob Chemother 1998;41:397-401
    • (1998) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.41 , pp. 397-401
    • Klepser, M.E.1    Wolfe, E.J.2    Pfaller, M.A.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.