On the observed trends and changes in global sea surface temperature and air-sea heat fluxes (1984-2006)

Journal of Climate

Volumn 25, Issue 18, 2012, Pages 6123-6135

  Large, W G ^a   Yeager, S G ^a  

^a NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH   (United States)

Author keywords

Air sea interaction; Decadal variability; Feedback; Oceanic variability; Surface fluxes; Trends

Indexed keywords

AIR SEA INTERACTIONS; DECADAL VARIABILITY; OCEANIC VARIABILITY; SURFACE FLUX; TRENDS;

ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE CHANGE; FEEDBACK; OCEANOGRAPHY;

HEAT FLUX;

AIR-SEA INTERACTION; ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN COUPLING; DECADAL VARIATION; GLOBAL CHANGE; HEAT FLUX; OBSERVATIONAL METHOD; OCEAN BASIN; SATELLITE IMAGERY; SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE; TIMESCALE; TREND ANALYSIS;

EID: 84867677428     PISSN: 08948755     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00148.1     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Bates, S. C., B. Fox-Kemper, S. R. Jayne, W. G. Large, S. Stevenson, and S. G. Yeager, 2012: Mean biases, variability, and trends in air-sea fluxes and sea surface temperature in the CCSM4. J. Climate, in press.
2. Béranger, K., K. Viau, B. Barnier, E. Garnier, J. M. Molines, L. Siefridt, and G. Barnier, 2000: An atlas of climatic estimates of air-sea fluxes. MEOM, Laboratoire des Ecoulements Geophysiques et Industriels, Institute de Mechanique de Grenoble, 19 pp.
3. Bindoff, N., and et al. 2007: Observations: Oceanic climate change and sea level. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis, S. Solomon et al., Eds., Cambridge University Press, 385-432.
4. Bosilovich, M., F. Robertson, and J. Chen, 2011: Global energy and water budgets in MERRA. J. Climate, 24, 5721-5739.
5. Conkright, M., and et al. 2002: Introduction. Vol. 1, World Ocean Database 2001, NOAA Atlas NESDIS 42, 167 pp.
6. Danabasoglu, G., and P. Gent, 2009: Equilibrium climate sensitivity: Is it accurate to use a slab oceanmodel? J. Climate, 22, 59-74.
7. Doney, S., W. Large, and F. Bryan, 1998: Surface ocean fluxes and water-mass transformation rates in the coupled NCAR Climate System Model. J. Climate, 11, 1420-1441.
8. Folland, C., and et al. 2001: Observed climate variability and change. Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis, J. T. Houghton et al., Eds., Cambridge University Press, 99-192.
9. Griffies, S. M., and et al. 2009: Coordinated Ocean-Ice Reference Experiments (COREs). Ocean Modell., 26, 1-46, doi:10.1016/j.ocemod.2008.08.007.
10. Harrison, D. E., and M. Carson, 2007: Is the World Ocean warming? Upper-ocean temperature trends: 1950-2000. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 37, 174-187.
11. Hegerl, G., and et al. 2007: Understanding and attributing climate change. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis, S. Solomon et al., Eds., Cambridge University Press, 663-745.
12. Hurrell, J., and K. Trenberth, 1999: Global sea surface temperature analysis: Multiple problems and their implications for climate analysis, modeling, and reanalysis. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 80, 2661-2678.
13. Hurrell, J. J. Hack, D. Shea, J. Caron, and J. Rosinski, 2008: A new sea surface temperature and sea ice boundary dataset for the Community Atmosphere Model. J. Climate, 21, 5145-5153.
14. Large, W. G., and S. G. Yeager, 2009: The global climatology of an interannually varying air-sea flux data set. Climate Dyn., 33, 341-364, doi:10.1007/s00382-008-0441-3.
15. Lemke, P., and et al. 2007: Observations: Changes in snow, ice and frozen ground. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis, S. Solomon et al. Eds., Cambridge University Press, 337-383.
16. Le Treut, H., R. Somerville, U. Cubasch, Y. Ding, C. Mauritzen, A. Mokssit, T. Peterson, and M. Prather, 2007: Historical overview of climate change. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis, S. Solomon et al. Eds., Cambridge University Press, 94-128.
17. Levitus, S., J. I. Antonov, T. P. Boyer, and C. Stephens, 2000: Warming of the World Ocean. Science, 287, 2225-2229
18. Levitus, S., J. I. Antonov, T. P. Boyer, and C. Stephens, 2005: Warming of the World Ocean, 1955-2003. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L02604, doi:10.1029/ 2004GL021592.
19. Lind, R. J., and K. B. Katsaros, 1986: Radiation measurements and model results from R/V Oceanographer during STREX 1980. J. Geophys. Res., 91 (D12), 13308-13314.
20. Meehl, G., and et al. 2007: Global climate projections. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis, S. Solomon et al. Eds., Cambridge University Press, 747-845.
21. Pachauri, R. K., and A. Reisinger, Eds., 2007: Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report. Cambridge University Press, 104 pp.
22. Rayner, N. A., D. E. Parker, E. B. Horton, C. K. Folland, L. V. Alexander, D. P. Powell, E. C. Kent, and A. Kaplan, 2003: Global analyses of sea surface temperature, sea ice, and night marine air temperature since the late nineteenth century. J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4407, doi:10.1029/2002JD002670.
23. Reynolds, R., N. Rayner, T. Smith, D. Stokes, and W. Wang, 2002: An improved in situ and satellite SST analysis for climate. J. Climate, 15, 1609-1625.
24. Robson, J., R. Sutton, K. Lohmann, D. Smith, and M. D. Palmer, 2012: Causes of the rapid warming of the North Atlantic Ocean in the mid-1990s. J. Climate, 25, 4116-4134.
25. Roemmich, D., S. Riser, R. Davis, and Y. Desaubies, 2004: Autonomous profiling floats: Workhorse for broad-scale ocean observations. J. Mar. Technol. Soc., 38, 31-39.
26. Solomon, S., D. Qin, M. Manning,M. Marquis, K. Averyt,M.M. B. Tignor, H. L. Miller Jr., and Z. Chen, Eds., 2007: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Cambridge University Press, 996 pp.
27. Stephens, G. L., M. Ward, P. W. Stackhouse Jr., T. L'Ecuyer, S. Vato, and D.S. Hendersen, 2012: The global character of the flux of downward longwave radiation. J. Climate, 25, 2329-2340.
28. Stevenson, J. W., and P. P. Niiler, 1983: Upper ocean heat budget during the Hawaii-to-Tahiti Shuttle Experiment. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 13, 1894-1907.
29. Taylor, P. K., Ed., 2000: Intercomparison and validation of oceanatmosphere energy flux fields. Final Rep. of the Joint WCRP/SCOR Working Group on Air-Sea Fluxes WCRP-112,WMO/ TD-1036, 306 pp.
30. Trenberth, K., J. Fasullo, and L. Smith, 2005: Trends and variability in column-integrated atmosphere water vapor. Climate Dyn., 24, 741-758.
31. Trenberth, K., and et al. 2007: Observations: Surface and atmospheric climate change. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis, S. Solomon et al., Eds., Cambridge University Press, 235-336.
32. Trenberth, K., J. Fasullo, and J. Kiehl, 2009: Earth's global energy budget. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 90, 311-323.
33. Yeager, S., A. Karspeck, G. Danabasoglu, J. Tribbia, and H. Teng, 2012: A decadal prediction case study: Late twentieth-century North Atlantic Ocean heat content. J. Climate, 25, 5173-5189.
34. Zhang, Y., W. B. Rossow, A. A. Lacis, V. Oinas, and M. I. Mishchenko, 2004: Calculation of radiative flux profiles from the surface to top of atmosphere based on ISCCP and other global data sets: Refinements of the radiative transfer model and the input data. J. Geophys. Res., 109, D19105, doi:10.1029/2003JD004457