Coastal eutrophication as a driver of salt marsh loss

Nature

Volumn 490, Issue 7420, 2012, Pages 388-392

  Deegan, Linda A ^a   Johnson, David Samuel ^a,b   Warren, R Scott ^c   Peterson, Bruce J ^a   Fleeger, John W ^d   Fagherazzi, Sergio ^e   Wollheim, Wilfred M ^f  

^a ECOSYSTEMS CENTER   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF THE SOUTH   (United States)

^c The Holleran Center for Community Action and Public Policy   (United States)

^d LOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^e BOSTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^f UNIVERSITY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

NITROGEN; ORGANIC MATTER;

ANTHROPOGENIC EFFECT; BIODEGRADATION; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; COASTAL MORPHOLOGY; COASTAL WETLAND; COASTAL ZONE; DECOMPOSITION; ECOSYSTEM SERVICE; EUTROPHICATION; FERTILIZER APPLICATION; MICROBIAL ACTIVITY; MUDFLAT; NATURE-SOCIETY RELATIONS; POPULATION GROWTH; ROOT SYSTEM; SALTMARSH;

ARTICLE; BIOMASS; COASTAL WATERS; DECOMPOSITION; EUTROPHICATION; NUTRIENT CONTENT; PLANT LEAF; PLANT ROOT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SALT MARSH;

ANIMALS; BIOMASS; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; EUTROPHICATION; FERTILIZERS; FOOD; FOOD SUPPLY; NITROGEN; NITROGEN CYCLE; SALTS; WETLANDS;

EID: 84867628505     PISSN: 00280836     EISSN: 14764687     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/nature11533     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. Ecosystems and Human Well-Being\Synthesis Report (World Resources Institute, 2005).
2. Galloway, J. et al. Transformation of the nitrogen cycle: recent trends, questions and potential solutions. Science 320, 889-892 (2008).
3. Canfield, D. E., Glazer, A. N. & Falkowski, P. G. The evolution and future of Earth's nitrogen cycle. Science 330, 192-196 (2010).
4. Verhoeven, J. T. et al. Regional and global concerns over wetlands and water quality. Trends Ecol. Evol. 21, 96-103 (2006).
5. MacGarvin, M. Out of Sight, Out of Mind: Marine Eutrophication in the United Kingdom (WWF-UK, 2001).
6. Hartig, E. K., Gornitz, V., Kolker, A., Mushacke, F. & Fallon, D. Anthropogenic and climate-change impacts on salt marshesof Jamaica Bay, New York City. Wetlands 22, 71-89 (2002).
7. Tiner, R. W., Huber, I. J., Nuerminger, T. & Marshall, E. Salt Marsh Trends in Selected Estuaries of Southwestern Connecticut. NWI Cooperative Report (US Fish and Wildlife Service, Long Island Studies Program, Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection, 2006).
8. Diaz, R. J. & Rosenberg, R. Spreading dead zones and consequences for marine ecosystems. Science 321, 926-929 (2008).
9. Valiela, I. & Cole, M. L. Comparative evidence that salt marshes and mangroves may protect seagrass meadows from land-derived nitrogen loads. Ecosystems 5, 92-102 (2002).
10. Sousa, A., Lillebø, A. I., Caçador, I. & Pardal, M. Contribution of Spartina maritima to the reduction of eutrophication in estuarine systems. Environ. Pollut. 156, 628-635 (2008).
11. Childer, D., Day, J. W. Jr & Mckeller, H. H. Jr. in Concepts and Controversies in Tidal Marsh Ecology (eds Weinstein, M. & Kreeger, D.) 391-424 (Kluwer Academic, 2000).
12. 15N tracer study. Ecology 90, 2535-2546 (2009).
13. Deegan, L. A. et al. Susceptibility of salt marshes to nutrient enrichment and predator removal. Ecol. Appl. 17, S42-S63 (2007).
14. Bertness, M. D. & Pennings, S. in Concepts and Controversies in Tidal Marsh Ecology (eds Weinstein, M. & Kreeger, D.) 39-58 (Kluwer Academic, 2000).
15. Pinthus, M. J. Lodging in wheat, barley and oats: the phenomenon, its causes and preventative measures. Adv. Agron. 25, 209-263 (1974).
16. Darby, F. A. & Turner, R. E. Effects ofeutrophicationon salt marsh root and rhizome biomass accumulation. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 363, 63-70 (2008).
17. Mozdzer, T. et al. Nitrogen uptake by the shoots of smooth cordgrass Spartina alterniflora. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 433, 43-52 (2011).
18. Terzaghi, K., Peck, R. B. & Mesri, G. Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice 3rd edn (Wiley-Interscience, 1996).
19. Rinaldi, M., Casagli, N., Dapporto, S. & Gargini, A. Monitoring and modelling of pore water pressure changes and riverbank stability during flow events. Earth Surf. Processes Landf. 29, 237-254 (2004).
20. Fagherazzi, S. et al. Numerical models of salt marsh evolution: ecological, geomorphic, and climatic factors. Rev. Geophys. 50, RG1002 (2012).
21. Valiela, I., Teal, J. M. & Persson, N. Y. Production and dynamics of experimentally enriched salt marsh vegetation: belowground biomass. Limnol. Oceanogr. 21, 245-252 (1976).
22. Wigand, C., Brennan, P., Stolt, M., Holt, M. & Ryba, S. Soil respiration rates incoastal marshes subjecttoincreased watershed nitrogen loadsinsouthern New England, USA. Wetlands 29, 952-963 (2009).
23. Turner, R. E. et al. Salt marshes and eutrophication: an unsustainable outcome. Limnol. Oceanogr. 54, 1634-1642 (2009).
24. Davey, E. et al. Useofcomputed tomography imaging for quantifying coarse roots, rhizomes, peat, and particle densities in marsh soils. Ecol. Appl. 21, 2156-2171 (2011).
25. Morris, J. T. & Bradley, P. M. Effects of nutrient loading on the carbon balance of coastal wetland sediments. Limnol. Oceanogr. 44, 699-702 (1999).
26. Turner, R. E. Beneath the salt marsh canopy: loss of soil strength with increasing nutrient loads. Estuaries Coasts 34, 1084-1093 (2011).
27. Selman, M., Greenhalgh, S., Diaz, R. & Sugg, Z. Eutrophication and hypoxia in coastal areas: a global assessment of the state of knowledge. http://www.wri.org/publication/eutrophication-and-hypoxia-in-coastal-areas (World Resources Institute, 2008).
28. Schmidt, M. W. et al. Persistence of soil organic matter as an ecosystem property. Nature 478, 49-56 (2011).
29. Piehler, M. F. & Smyth, A. R. Habitat-specific distinctionsinestuarine denitrification affect both ecosystem function and services. Ecosphere 2, art12 (2011).
30. Deegan, L. A. Lessons learned: the effects of nutrient enrichment on the support of nekton by seagrass and saltmarsh ecosystems. Estuaries 25, 727-742 (2002).
31. Minello, T. J., Able, K. W., Weinstein, M. P. & Hays, C. G. Salt marshes as nurseries for nekton: testing hypotheseson density, growth and survival through meta-analysis. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 246, 39-59 (2003).
32. Mariotti, G. et al. Influence of storm surges and sea level on shallow tidal basin erosive processes. J. Geophys. Res. 115, C11012 (2010).
33. Johnson, D. S. & Fleeger, J. W. Weak response of saltmarsh infauna to ecosystem-wide nutrient enrichment and fish predator reduction: a four-year study. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 373, 35-44 (2009).
34. Johnson, D. S. High marsh invertebrates are susceptible to eutrophication. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 438, 143-152 (2011).
35. Redfield, A. C. Ontogeny of a salt marsh estuary. Science 147, 50-55 (1965).
36. Niering, W. A. & Warren, R. S. Vegetation patterns and processes in New England salt marshes. Bioscience 30, 301-307 (1980).
37. van Eerdt, M. M. The influence of vegetation on erosion and accretion in saltmarshes of the Oosterschelde, The Netherlands. Plant Ecology 62, 367-373 (1985).
38. Osman, N. & Barakbah, S. S. Parameters topredict slope stability\soil water and root profiles. Ecol. Eng. 28, 90-95 (2006).
39. Kirwan, M. L. & Murray, A. B. A coupled geomorphic and ecological model of tidal marsh evolution. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 104, 6118-6122 (2007).
40. Craft, C., Reader, J., Sacco, J. N. & Broome, S. W. Twenty-five years of ecosystem development of constructed Spartina alterniflora (Loisel) marshes. Ecol. Appl. 9, 1405-1419 (1999).
41. Mendelssohn, I. A. & Morris, J. T. in Concepts and Controversies in Tidal Marsh Ecology (eds Weinstein, M. P. & Kreeger, D. A.) 59-80 (Kluwer Academic, 2000).
42. O'Shea, M. L. & Brosnan, T. M. Trends in indicators of eutrophication in western Long Island sound and the Hudson-Raritan Estuary. Estuaries 23, 877-901 (2000).
43. Bricker, S. et al. Effects of Nutrient Enrichment In the Nation's Estuaries: A Decade of Change (NOAA Coastal Ocean Program Decision Analysis Series No. 26, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, 2007).
44. US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). National Coastal Condition Report II. http://www.epa.gov/owow/oceans/nccr/2005/(USEPA, 2005).
45. Effland, M. J. Modified procedure to determine acid-insoluble lignin in wood and pulp. Tappi J. 60, 143-144 (1977).
46. Bowen, J. L., Crump, B., Deegan, L. A. & Hobbie, J. E. Increased supply of ambient nitrogen has minimal effect on salt marsh bacterial production. Limnol. Oceanogr. 54, 713-722 (2009).
47. Koop-Jakobsen, K. & Giblin, A. E. The effect of increased nitrate loading on nitrate reduction via denitrification and DNRA in salt marsh sediments. Limnol. Oceanogr. 55, 789-802 (2010).
48. Bernot, M. J. et al. Comparing denitrification estimates for a Texas estuaryby using acetylene inhibition and membrane inlet mass spectrometry. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69, 5950-5956 (2003).
49. Wollheim, W. M. et al. Global N removal by freshwater aquatic systems using a spatially distributed, within-basin approach. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 22, GB2026 (2008).
50. Beaulieu, J. J. et al. Nitrous oxide emission from denitrification in stream and river networks. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 108, 214-219 (2011).
51. Murray, B. C. et al. Green Payments for Blue Carbon. Economic Incentives for Protecting Threatened Coastal Habitats. Nicholas Institute Report NI R 11-04 (Nicholas Institute for Environmental Policy Solutions, 2011)
52. Hurlbert, S. H. Pseudoreplication and the design of ecological field experiments. Ecol. Monogr. 54, 187-211 (1984).
53. Zar, J. H. Biostatistical Analysis 2nd edn (Prentice-Hall, 1984).
54. Carpenter, S. R., Chisholm, S. W., Krebs, C. J., Schindler, D. W. & Wright, R. F. Ecosystem experiments. Science 269, 324-327 (1995).
55. Schindler, D. W. Replication versus realism: The need for ecosystem-scale experiments. Ecosystems 1, 323-334 (1998).
56. Hobbs, N. T. & Hilborn, R. Alternatives to statistical hypothesis testing in ecology: A guide to self teaching. Ecol. Appl. 16, 5-19 (2006).
57. Oksanen, L. Logic of experiments in ecology: is pseudoreplication a pseudoissue? Oikos 94, 27-38 (2001).