Age matters: How demographics influence aggregate entrepreneurship

Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal

Volumn 5, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 269-284

  Lévesque, Moren ^a   Minniti, Maria ^b  

^a YORK UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b SOUTHERN METHODIST UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Age; Demographics; Economic growth; Employment choices; Entrepreneurial activity; Population structure

Indexed keywords

EID: 84867595649     PISSN: 19324391     EISSN: 1932443X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/sej.117     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Acs ZJ, Audretsch DB. 1990. Innovation and Small Firms. MIT Press: Cambridge, MA.
2. Arthur BW, Espenshade TJ. 1988. Immigration policy and immigrants' ages. Population and Development Review 14(2): 315-326.
3. Bates T. 1990. Entrepreneur human capital inputs and small business longevity. The Review of Economics and Statistics 72(4): 551-559.
4. Baumol WJ. 1990. Entrepreneurship: productive, unproductive, and destructive. Journal of Political Economy 98(5): 893-921.
5. Baumol WJ. 2002. The Free-Market Innovation Machine: Analyzing the Growth Miracle of Capitalism. Princeton University Press: Princeton, NJ.
6. Becker G, Gleaser EL, Murphy K. 1999. Population and economic growth. American Economic Review Papers & Proceedings 89(2): 145-149.
7. Becker G, Murphy KM, Tamura R. 1990. Human capital, fertility, and economic growth. Journal of Political Economy 98(5): 12-37.
8. Ben-Porath Y. 1967. The production of human capital and the life cycle of earnings. Journal of Political Economy 75(4): 352-365.
9. Blanchflower DG. 2004. Self-employment: more may not be better. NBER working paper 10286, National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA.
10. Bloom DE, Canning D. 2004. Global demographic change: dimensions and economic significance. In Global Demographic Change: Economic Impacts and Policy Challenges, Sellon GH Jr. (ed). Federal Reserve Bank: Kansas City, KS: 9-56.
11. Bloom DE, Canning D, Graham B. 2003. Longevity and life-cycle savings. Scandinavian Journal of Economics 105(3): 319-338.
12. Bluedorn AC, Martin G. 2008. The time frame of entrepreneurs. Journal of Business Venturing 23(1): 1-20.
13. Braunerhjelm P, Acs ZJ, Audretsch DB, Carlsson B. 2010. The missing link: knowledge diffusion and entrepreneurship in endogenous growth. Small Business Economics Journal 34(2): 105-125.
14. Carree M, Van Stel A, Thurik R, Wennekers S. 2007. The relationship between economic development and business ownership revisited. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development 19(3): 281-291.
15. Coale AJ. 1987. Demographic effects of below-replacement fertility and their social implications. In Below-Replacement Fertility in Industrial Society: Causes, Consequences, Policies, Kingsley D (ed). Supplement to 12: 203-216.
16. Coase R. 1960. The problem of social cost. Journal of Law and Economics 3: 1-44.
17. Collins J. 2003. Cultural diversity and entrepreneurship: policy responses to immigrant entrepreneurs in Australia. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development 15(2): 137-149.
18. Cowling M. 2000. Are entrepreneurs different across countries? Applied Economics Letters 7(12): 785-789.
19. Cressy R. 1996. Pre-entrepreneurial income, cash-flow growth and survival of start-up businesses: model and tests on U.K. data. Small Business Economics Journal 8(1): 49-58.
20. Deaton AS, Paxon CH. 1997. The effects of economic and population growth on national savings and inequality. Demography 34(1): 97-114.
21. de Meza D, Webb D. 1999. Wealth, enterprise, and credit policy. Economic Journal 109(455): 153-163.
22. Denton FT, Mountain DC, Spencer BG. 1996. The response of aggregate production to fertility-induced changes in population age distribution. Southern Economic Journal 62(3): 606-619.
23. Espenshade TJ, Bouvier LF, Arthur WB. 1982. Immigration and the stable population model. Demography 19(2): 125-133.
24. Evans D, Jovanovic B. 1989. An estimated model of entrepreneurial choice under liquidity constraints. Journal of Political Economy 97(4): 808-827.
25. Forbes D. 2005. Managerial determinants of decision speed in new ventures. Strategic Management Journal 26(4): 355-366.
26. Forbes D, Zhao H, Parhankangas A, Dimov D. 2009. Taking stock of some emerging research on entrepreneurial behavior and the human body. Paper presented at the Carey-Darden Entrepreneurship Scholars Retreat, Baltimore, MD.
27. Grilo I, Irigoyen JM. 2006. Entrepreneurship in the EU: to wish and not to be. Small Business Economics 26(4): 305-318.
28. Horiuchi S, Preston SH. 1988. Age-specific growth rates: the legacy of past population dynamics. Demography 25(3): 429-441.
29. Ireland D, Hitt M, Sirmon D. 2003. A model of strategic entrepreneurship: the construct and its dimensions. Journal of Management 29(6): 963-989.
30. Jovanovic B. 1994. Firm formation with heterogeneous management and labor skills. Small Business Economics Journal 6(3): 185-192.
31. Karoly LA, Zissimopoulos J. 2004. Self-employment among older U.S. workers. Monthly Labor Review 127(7): 24-47.
32. Keyfitz N. 1966. Finite approximations in demography. Population Studies 19(3): 281-295.
33. Kihlstrom R, Laffont J. 1979. A general equilibrium entrepreneurial theory of firm formation based on risk aversion. Journal of Political Economy 87(4): 719-740.
34. Kim YJ. 1986. Examination of the generalized age distribution. Demography 23(3): 451-461.
35. Kirzner IM. 1997. Entrepreneurial discovery and the competitive market process: an Austrian approach. Journal of Economic Literature 35(1): 60-85.
36. Kosai Y, Jun S, Naohiro Y. 1998. Declining population and sustained economic growth: can they coexist? American Economic Review 88(2): 412-416.
37. Kremer M. 1993. Population growth and technological change: one million B.C. to 1990. Quarterly Journal of Economics 108(3): 681-716.
38. Lévesque M, Minniti M. 2006. The effect of aging on entrepreneurial behavior. Journal of Business Venturing 21(2): 177-194.
39. Lindh T. 1999. Age structure and economic policy: the case of saving and growth. Population Research and Policy Review 18(3): 261-277.
40. Lindh T, Malmberg B. 1999. Age structure effects and growth in the OECD, 1950-1990. Journal of Population Economics 12(3): 431-449.
41. Michelacci C. 2003. Low returns in R&D due to the lack of entrepreneurial skills. Economic Journal 113(484): 207-225.
42. Minniti M, Lévesque M. 2010. Entrepreneurial types and economic growth. Journal of Business Venturing 25(3): 305-314.
43. Mises L von. 1949. Human Action: A Treatise on Economics. Yale University Press: New Haven, CT.
44. Naude W, Thomas G, Eric W, Meintjies A. 2008. Regional determinants of entrepreneurial start-ups in a developing country. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development 20(2): 111-124.
45. Schumpeter JA. 1934. The Theory of Economic Development. Harvard University Press: Cambridge, MA.
46. Shane S. 1996. Explaining variation in rates of entrepreneurship in the United States: 1899-1988. Journal of Management 22(5): 47-781.
47. Taylor MP. 1996. Earnings, independence, or unemployment: why become self-employed? Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 58(2): 253-265.
48. Tornikoski E, Kautonen T, Delmar F. 2009. Entrepreneurial intentions in the working-age population: the moderating role of age and mediating effect of labor market mobility and previous organizational affiliation. In Proceedings of the 29th Annual Entrepreneurship Research Conference, Wellesley, MA.
49. Weil DN. 1999. Why has fertility fallen below replacement in industrial nations, and will it last? Population growth, dependency, and consumption. American Economic Review 89(2): 251-255.
50. Wennekers S, Thurik AR. 1999. Linking entrepreneurship and economic growth. Small Business Economics Journal 13(1): 27-55.
51. Zahra SA, Ireland RD, Hitt MA. 2000. International expansion by new venture firms: international diversity, mode of market entry, technological learning, and performance. Academy of Management Journal 43(5): 925-950.