Estimation of greenhouse gas emissions from ferroalloy production using life cycle assessment with particular reference to Australia

Journal of Cleaner Production

Volumn 39, Issue , 2013, Pages 220-230

  Haque, Nawshad ^a   Norgate, Terry ^a  

^a CSIRO   (Australia)

Author keywords

Carbon footprint; Energy intensity; Ferroalloy; LCA; Metal production

Indexed keywords

AUSTRALIA; ELECTRICITY SOURCE; ELECTRICITY USE; ENERGY INTENSITY; FE-SI ALLOYS; FERRONICKEL; GHG EMISSION; LCA; LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT (LCA); METAL PRODUCTION; PRODUCTION PROCESS; TASMANIA , AUSTRALIA; USING LIFE;

CARBON DIOXIDE; CARBON FOOTPRINT; CHROMIUM; ELECTRICITY; ESTIMATION; FERROALLOYS; FOSSIL FUELS; GAS EMISSIONS; IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY; IRON COMPOUNDS; LIFE CYCLE; MANGANESE; MOLYBDENUM;

GREENHOUSE GASES;

EID: 84867580615     PISSN: 09596526     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.08.010     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Asian Metal Ltd Annual report on ferrosilicon market http://www. asianmetal.com/report/en/2008guitie-en.pdf 2008 (accessed 05.01.11)
2. J. Bourke, S. Ganguly, and D. Retallick Ferro alloy production at Tasmanian Electro Metallurgical Company Pty Ltd, Bell Bay, Tasmania second ed. The Sir Maurice Mawby Memorial vol. 2 1993 AusIMM Melbourne, Australia pp. 1223-1227
3. A. Dalvi, W. Bacon, and R. Osborne The Past and the Future of Nickel Laterites. PDAC 2004 International Convention 2004 The Prospectors and Developers Association of Canada Toronto
4. Environment Australia Emission Estimation Technique Manual for Ferroalloy Production 1999 Commonwealth of Australia Canberra 34 pp.
5. European Commission Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control: Draft Reference Document on Best Available Techniques for the Non-ferrous Metals Industries July 2009
6. F. Habashi Handbook of extractive metallurgy The Metal Industry of Ferrous Metals vol. I 1997 Wiley-VCH Weinheim, Germany 488 pp.
7. IBIS World Manganese and Other Mineral Mining in Australia, Australian Industry Report, Melbourne 2012
8. M. Kumar, and R.C. Gupta Industrial uses of wood char Energy Sources 20 7 1998 575 589
9. D. Langberg, M.A. Somerville, and T. Norgate The Use of Charcoal in the Iron and Steel Industry 2007 DMR 3278, CSIRO Research Report, Melbourne, 58 pp.
10. 2-emissions and the ferroalloys industry. In: Proceedings of the 8th International Ferroalloys Congress (INFACON8), 1998, Peking, China, pp. 87-92.
11. 2-emissions in the production of ferroalloys EPD Congress, 1999 1999 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society 783 795
12. G. Mudd Global trends and issues in nickel mining: sulfides versus laterites Ore Geology Reviews 2010 38 2010 9 26
13. National Pollution Inventory Results - emission of substances http://www.npi.gov.au/npidata/action/load/emission-by-substance-result/criteria/ state/TAS/year/2009/destination/ALL/source-type/INDUSTRY/subthreshold-data/Yes/ substance-name/All/facility/TEMCO 2010 (accessed 08.03.11)
14. T. Norgate, and N. Haque Assessing the Environmental Sustainability of Nickel Laterite Processing June 2010 CSIRO Minerals Down Under/Process Science and Engineering Report DMR-3816, Melbourne
15. T. Norgate, and S. Jahanshahi Routes to stainless steel with improved energy efficiency Proceedings of Green Processing 2004 Conference, May 2004, Fremantle, Western Australia 2004 97 103
16. Norgate, T., Jahanshahi, S., Rankin, W.J., Alternative routes to stainless steel - a life cycle approach. Proceedings of Tenth International Ferroalloys Congress, February 2004, Cape Town, South Africa, 693-704.
17. T. Norgate, N. Haque, M. Somerville, and S. Jahanshahi The Greenhouse gas footprint of charcoal production and of some applications in steelmaking Proceedings of 7th Australian Life Cycle Assessment Conference, March 2011, Melbourne, Australia 2011
18. M. Peterson Geology and Mineralogy of Australian Manganese Deposits 2010 EP104595, CSIRO Research Report, Brisbane, 115 pp.
19. S. Ramakrishnan, and P. Koltun Global warming impact of the magnesium produced in China using the Pidgeon process Resources, Conservation and Recycling 42 2004 49 64
20. M. Riekkola-Vanhanen Finnish Expert Report on Best Available Techniques in Ferrochromium Production 1999 Finnish Environment Institute Helsinki
21. Sjardin, M., 2003. CO2 emission factor for non-energy use in the non-ferrous metal, ferroalloys and inorganics industry. MSc thesis, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands. http://www.energyscience.uu.nl/documents/NWS-I- 2003-24.pdf (accessed 02.03.12).
22. M. Somerville, B. Washington, P. Ridgeway, M. Davis, J. Mathieson, and L. Woods The Use of Charcoal as a Steel Ladle Recarburiser 2009 DMR 3693, CSIRO Research Report, Melbourne 48 pp.
23. S.P. Suthers Manganese Ore Beneficiation Review 2010 EP102193, CSIRO Research Report, Brisbane. 82 pp.
24. D. Turnbull Manganese Ore Mining at Groote Eylandt Mining Company Pty Ltd, Groote Eylandt, NT second ed. The Sir Maurice Mawby Memorial vol. 2 1993 AusIMM Melbourne, Australia pp. 1227-1230
25. URL 1: GEMCO Data from BHP website: www.bhpbilliton.com/ bbContentRepository/envdatasummarymanganese2007.pdf (accessed 23.05.11).
26. URL 2: GEMCO of BHP website: http://www.bhpbilliton.com/bb/ourBusinesses/ manganese/gemco.jsp (accessed 23.05.11).
27. URL 3: TEMCO of BHP website: http://www.bhpbilliton.com/bb/ourBusinesses/ manganese/temco.jsp (accessed 23.05.11).
28. USGS Minerals Yearbook 2008: Ferroalloys 2010 US Department of Interior, US Geological Survey 16 pp.
29. H.G. Vazarlis, and A. Lekatou Pelletising-sintering, prereduction, and smelting of Greek chromite ores and concentrates Ironmaking and Steelmaking 20 1 1993 42 53
30. A.E.M. Warner, C.M. Diaz, A.D. Dalvi, P.J. Mackey, and A.V. Tarasov JOM world nonferrous smelter survey, Part III: nickel: laterite Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 2006 11 20 April