Stress-enhanced fear learning in rats is resistant to the effects of immediate massed extinction

Stress

Volumn 15, Issue 6, 2012, Pages 627-636

  Long, Virginia A ^a,b   Fanselow, Michael S ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN FRANCISCO   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Acute stress; Fear extinction; Fear learning and memory; Foot shock; Immediate extinction; Post traumatic stress disorder

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL BEHAVIOR; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ARTICLE; CONDITIONING; CONTROLLED STUDY; ELECTRIC SHOCK; FEAR; LEARNING; MALE; MEMORY; NONHUMAN; POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RAT; STRESS; STRESS ENHANCED FEAR LEARNING;

ANIMALS; CONDITIONING, CLASSICAL; ELECTRIC STIMULATION; EXTINCTION, PSYCHOLOGICAL; FEAR; LEARNING; MALE; MODELS, ANIMAL; RATS; RATS, LONG-EVANS; STRESS DISORDERS, POST-TRAUMATIC; STRESS, PSYCHOLOGICAL;

EID: 84867359191     PISSN: 10253890     EISSN: 16078888     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3109/10253890.2011.650251     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. American Psychiatric Association. 2000. Diagnostic criteria from DSM-IV-TR. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Associ- ation.
2. Baratta MV, Christianson JP, Gomez DM, Zarza CM, Amat J, Masini CV, Watkins LR, Maier SF. 2007. Controllable versus uncontrollable stressors bi-directionally modulate conditioned but not innate fear. Neuroscience 146:1495-1503. (Pubitemid 46783234)
3. Bouton ME. 2004. Context and behavioral processes in extinction. Learn Mem 11:485-494. (Pubitemid 39299694)
4. Cain CK, Blouin AM, Barad M. 2003. Temporally massed CS presentations generate more fear extinction than spaced presentations. J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process 29:323-333. (Pubitemid 37331476)
5. Chang CH, Maren S. 2009. Early extinction after fear conditioning yields a context-independent and short-term suppression of conditional freezing in rats. Learn Mem 16:62-68.
6. Chang CH, Maren S. 2011. Medial prefrontal cortex activation facilitates re-extinction offear in rats. Learn Mem 18:221-225.
7. Charney DS. 2004. Psychobiological mechanisms ofresilience and vulnerability: Implications for successful adaptation to extreme stress. Am J Psychiatry 161:195-216. (Pubitemid 38419269)
8. Craske MG, Kircanski K, Zelikowsky M, Mystkowski J, Chowdhury N, Baker A. 2008. Optimizing inhibitory learning during exposure therapy. Behav Res Ther 46:5-27.
9. Ehlers A, Clark DM, Hackmann A, Grey N, Liness S, Wild J, Manley J, Waddington L, Mc Manus F.2010. Intensive cognitive therapy for PTSD: A feasibility study. Behav Cogn Psychother 38:383-398.
10. Fanselow MS. 1980. Conditioned and unconditional components ofpost-shock freezing. Pavlov J Biol Sci 15:177-182. (Pubitemid 11190893)
11. Fanselow MS, Lester LS. 1988. A functional behavioralistic approach to aversively motivated behavior: Predatory immi- nence as a determinant of the topography of defensive behavior. In: Bolles RC, Beecher MD, editors. Evolution and learning. Hillsdale, New Jersey: Erlbaum. p 185-211.
12. Goisman RM, Allsworth J, Rogers MP, Warshaw MG, Goldenberg I, Vasile RG, Rodriguez-Villa F, Mallya G, Keller MB. 1998. Simple phobia as a comorbid anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety 7:105-112. (Pubitemid 28298455)
13. Hermans D, Craske MG, Mineka S, Lovibond PF. 2006. Extinction in human fear conditioning. Biol Psychiatry 60: 361-368. (Pubitemid 44215845)
14. Huff NC, Hernandez JA, Blanding NQ, La Bar KS. 2009. Delayed extinction attenuates conditioned fear renewal and spontaneous recovery in humans. Behav Neurosci 123:834-843.
15. Li SH, Westbrook RF. 2008. Massed extinction trials produce better short-term but worse long-term loss of context conditioned fear responses than spaced trials. J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process 34:336-351.
16. Maier SF. 1990. Role offear in mediating shuttle escape learning deficit produced by inescapable shock. J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process 16:137-149.
17. Maren S, Chang CH. 2006. Recent fear is resistant to extinction. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103:18020-18025. (Pubitemid 44852278)
18. Myers KM, Ressler KJ, Davis M. 2006. Different mechanisms of fear extinction dependent on length of time since fear acquisition. Learn Mem 13:216-223.
19. Olatunji BO, Cisler JM, Deacon BJ. 2010. Efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders: A review of meta- analytic findings. Psychiatr Clin North Am 33:557-577.
20. Pavlov IP, Anrep GVii. 1927. Conditioned reflexes; an investigation of the physiological activity of the cerebral cortex. London: Oxford University Press, Humphrey Milford.
21. Rau V, De Cola JP, Fanselow MS. 2005. Stress-induced enhance-ment of fear learning: An animal model of posttraumatic stress disorder. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 29:1207-1223. (Pubitemid 41446896)
22. Rau V, Fanselow MS. 2009. Exposure to a stressor produces a long lasting enhancement of fear learning in rats. Stress 12: 125-133.
23. Roberts NP, Kitchiner NJ, Kenardy J, Bisson JI. 2010. Early psychological interventions to treat acute traumatic stress symptoms. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2010, issue4, CD007944. DOI: 10.1002/14651858. CD007944.pub2.
24. Rosen JB, Schulkin J. 1998. From normal fear to pathological anxiety. Psychol Rev 105:325-350. (Pubitemid 128457850)
25. Rowe MK, Craske MG. 1998. Effects of an expanding-spaced vs massed exposure schedule on fear reduction and return of fear. Behav Res Ther 36:701-717. (Pubitemid 28339790)
26. Schiller D, Cain CK, Curley NG, Schwartz JS, Stern SA, Ledoux JE, Phelps EA. 2008. Evidence for recovery of fear following immediate extinction in rats and humans. Learn Mem 15: 394-402. (Pubitemid 351786970)
27. Shors TJ, Weiss C, Thompson RF. 1992. Stress-induced facilitation ofclassical conditioning. Science 257:537-539.
28. Woods AM, Bouton ME. 2008. Immediate extinction causes a less durable loss of performance than delayed extinction following either fear or appetitive conditioning. Learn Mem 15:909-920.