The Great Divide: Campaign media in the American Mind

Daedalus

Volumn 141, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 83-97

  Mutz, Diana C ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84867314791     PISSN: 00115266     EISSN: 15486192     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1162/DAED_a_00175     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Alex Marland, "Marketing Political Soap: A Political Marketing View of Selling Candidates Like Soap, of Electioneering as a Ritual, and of Electoral Military Analogies, " Journal of Public Affairs 3 (2) (May 2003): 103-115.
2. J. Michael Sproule, "Progressive Propaganda Critics and the Magic Bullet Myth, " Critical Studies in Mass Communication 6 (3) (September 1989): 225-246.
3. Benjamin Fine, "Propaganda Study Instills Skepticism in 1,000,000 Pupils, " The New York Times, February 21, 1941.
4. Sproule, "Progressive Propaganda Critics and the Magic Bullet Myth. "
5. Sproule, "Progressive Propaganda Critics and the Magic Bullet Myth. "
6. The first two of these studies focused on the 1940 and 1948 elections, respectively, and were published as Paul Lazarsfeld, Bernard Berelson, and Hazel Gaudet, The People's Choice: How the Voter Makes Up His Mind in a Presidential Campaign (New York: Duell, Sloan and Pearce, 1944).
7. For a review of the Columbia Studies' findings with respect to media influence, see Steven H. Chaffee and John L. Hockheimer, "The Beginnings of Political Communication Research in the United States: Origins of the 'Limited Effects' Model, " in The Media Revolution in America and Western Europe, ed. Everett M. Rogers and Francis Balle (Norwood, N.J.: Ablex, 1982), 263-283.
8. For example, see Richard Johnston, Michael G. Hagen, and Kathleen Hall Jamieson, The 2000 Presidential Election and the Foundations of Party Politics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004).
9. See Jonathan McDonald Ladd and Gabriel S. Lenz, "Exploiting a Rare Communication Shift to Document the Persuasive Power of the News Media, " American Journal of Political Science 53 (2) (April 2009): 394-410.
10. John Zaller, "The Myth of Massive Media Impact Revived: New Support for a Discredited Idea, " in Political Persuasion and Attitude Change, ed. Diana C. Mutz, Richard A. Brody, and Paul M. Sniderman (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1996), 17-79.
11. See Shanto Iyengar and Jennifer McGrady, Media Politics: A Citizen's Guide (New York: W.W. Norton, 2007).
12. W. Lance Bennett and Shanto Iyengar, "A New Era of Minimal Effects? The Changing Foundations of Political Communication, " Journal of Communication 58 (4) (December 2008): 714.
13. Thomas E. Patterson and Robert D. McClure, The Unseeing Eye: The Myth of Television Power in National Politics (New York: Putnam, 1976).
14. John Zaller, "The Statistical Power of Election Studies to Detect Media Exposure Effects in Political Campaigns, " Electoral Studies 21 (2002): 297-329.
15. Susanna Dilliplane, Seth Goldman, and Diana C. Mutz, "Televised Exposure to Politics: New Measures for a Fragmented Media Environment, " American Journal of Political Science (2012): 1-13.
16. Zaller, "The Statistical Power of Election Studies to Detect Media Exposure Effects in Political Campaigns. "
17. Bennett and Iyengar, "A New Era of Minimal Effects?" 714.
18. Thankfully, this pattern does not hold for female academics, although the data in this case suffer from a small sample size. Data for this unpublished study were gathered from firstyear Ph.D. students at Stanford University.
19. Michael Schudson, "Trout or Hamburger: Politics and Telemythology, " in The Power of News (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1995), chap. 5.
20. Michael Schudson, "Trout or Hamburger: Politics and Telemythology, " in The Power of News (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1995), chap. 5.
21. Michael Schudson, "Trout or Hamburger: Politics and Telemythology, " in The Power of News (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1995), chap. 5.
22. Margaret Scammell, "The Wisdom of the War Room: U.S. Campaigning and Americanization, " Media, Culture & Society 20 (2) (April 1998): 252.
23. Donald P. Green and Jennifer K. Smith, "Professionalization of Campaigns and the Secret History of Collective Action Problems, " Journal of Theoretical Politics 15 (3) (July 2003): 321-339.
24. Quoted in Sasha Issenberg, "Nudge the Vote, " The New York Times Magazine, October 29, 2010, http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/31/magazine/31politics-t.html?pagewanted=all.
25. Green and Smith, "Professionalization of Campaigns and the Secret History of Collective Action Problems. "
26. Quoted in Sasha Issenberg's e-book, Rick Perry and His Eggheads: Inside the Brainiest Political Operation in America: A Sneak Preview from The Victory Lab (New York: Crown, 2011).
27. Green and Smith, "Professionalization of Campaigns and the Secret History of Collective Action Problems, " 334.
28. Green and Smith, "Professionalization of Campaigns and the Secret History of Collective Action Problems, " 334.
29. See Donald P. Green and Alan S. Gerber, Get Out the Vote! How to Increase Your Voter Turnout (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 2004).
30. Quoted in Issenberg, "Nudge the Vote. "
31. Quoted in Issenberg, "Nudge the Vote. "
32. Ron Faucheux, "Consultants on Trial, " Campaigns and Elections 17 (10) (1996): 5.
33. Quoted in Sasha Issenberg, Rick Perry and His Eggheads, Location 335.
34. Samuel L. Popkin, The Reasoning Voter (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991), 20.
35. Green and Smith, "Professionalization of Campaigns and the Secret History of Collective Action Problems, " 335.
36. Schudson, "Trout or Hamburger, " 121.
37. Bennett and Iyengar, "A New Era of Minimal Effects?" 714.
38. Matthew R. Kerbel, Remote and Controlled: Media Politics in a Cynical Age (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1995).
39. Jeff Greenfield, The Real Campaign (New York: Summit Books, 1982), 13.
40. Lazarsfeld, Berelson, and Gaudet, The People's Choice, 129.
41. Popkin, The Reasoning Voter.
42. Robert S. Lichter, Richard E. Noyes, and Lynda Lee Kaid, "No News or Negative News: How the Networks Nixed the '96 Campaign, " in The Electronic Election: Perspectives on the 1996 Campaign Communication, ed. Lynda Lee Kaid and Diane G. Bystrom (Mahwah, N.J.: Erlbaum, 2000), 3-13.
43. Todd Gitlin, "Blips, Bites and Savvy Talk, " Dissent (Winter 1990): 19-27.
44. Roderick P. Hart, Seducing America: How Television Charms the Modern Voter (New York: Oxford University Press, 1994).
45. Darrell M. West, Air Wars: Television Advertising in Election Campaigns, 1952-2008 (Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly Press, 2010).
46. John O'Sullivan, "Britain: Under the Iron High Heel?" Commentary 88 (September 1988): 52.
47. David L. Swanson and Paolo Mancini, Politics, Media, and Modern Democracy: An International Study of Innovations in Electoral Campaigning and Their Consequences (Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 1996).
48. This figure is based on responses to the following question: "Thinking more about the news media's coverage of presidential campaigns, please tell me whether you strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree, or strongly disagree with each of the following statements.... Media coverage has too much influence on who Americans vote for"; Confidence in Leadership Survey, September 2007. Data are provided by the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research, University of Connecticut.
49. This figure is based on responses to the following question: "Please tell me whether you think the news media today have more, less or about the same influence as they did 40 or 50 years ago [on] [w]ho becomes President"; Roper Starch Worldwide, January 27-30, 2000. Data are provided by the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research, University of Connecticut.