메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 50, Issue , 2012, Pages 47-55

Determination of heavy metals in indoor dust from Istanbul, Turkey: Estimation of the health risk

Author keywords

Exposure; Health risk assessment; Heavy metals; Indoor dust; Istanbul

Indexed keywords

HAZARDS; HEALTH RISKS; HEAVY METALS; LEAD; MANGANESE; RISK ASSESSMENT;

EID: 84867309497     PISSN: 01604120     EISSN: 18736750     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2012.09.011     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (301)

References (75)
  • 1
    • 58149498304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution of metals in soil particle size fractions and its implication to risk assessment of playground in Murcia City (Spain)
    • Acosta J.A., Cano A.F., Arocena J.M., Debela F., Martinez-Martinez S. Distribution of metals in soil particle size fractions and its implication to risk assessment of playground in Murcia City (Spain). Geoderma 2009, 149:101-109.
    • (2009) Geoderma , vol.149 , pp. 101-109
    • Acosta, J.A.1    Cano, A.F.2    Arocena, J.M.3    Debela, F.4    Martinez-Martinez, S.5
  • 2
    • 84860229491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of human exposure to indoor organic contaminants via dust ingestion in Pakistan
    • Ali N., Van den Eede N., Dirtu A.C., Neels H., Covaci A. Assessment of human exposure to indoor organic contaminants via dust ingestion in Pakistan. Indoor Air 2012, 22:200-211.
    • (2012) Indoor Air , vol.22 , pp. 200-211
    • Ali, N.1    Van den Eede, N.2    Dirtu, A.C.3    Neels, H.4    Covaci, A.5
  • 4
    • 53149115592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantified activity pattern data from 6 to 27 month-old farmworker children for use in exposure assessment
    • Beamer P., Key M.E., Ferguson A.C., Canales R.A., Auyeung W., Leckie J.O. Quantified activity pattern data from 6 to 27 month-old farmworker children for use in exposure assessment. Environ Res 2008, 108:239-246.
    • (2008) Environ Res , vol.108 , pp. 239-246
    • Beamer, P.1    Key, M.E.2    Ferguson, A.C.3    Canales, R.A.4    Auyeung, W.5    Leckie, J.O.6
  • 5
    • 0029267071 scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychologic functions in children exposed to environmental lead
    • Bellinger D. Neuropsychologic functions in children exposed to environmental lead. Epidemiology 1995, 6:101-103.
    • (1995) Epidemiology , vol.6 , pp. 101-103
    • Bellinger, D.1
  • 6
    • 0242522251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Household dust metal levels in the Sydney metropolitan area
    • Chattopadhyay G., Lin C.-P.K., Feitz A.J. Household dust metal levels in the Sydney metropolitan area. Environ Res 2003, 93:301-307.
    • (2003) Environ Res , vol.93 , pp. 301-307
    • Chattopadhyay, G.1    Lin, C.-P.K.2    Feitz, A.J.3
  • 7
    • 33645829287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retention of Cd, cu, Pb, and Zn by wood ash, lime and fume dust
    • Chirenje T., Ma L.Q., Lu L. Retention of Cd, cu, Pb, and Zn by wood ash, lime and fume dust. Water Air Soil Pollut 2006, 171:301-314.
    • (2006) Water Air Soil Pollut , vol.171 , pp. 301-314
    • Chirenje, T.1    Ma, L.Q.2    Lu, L.3
  • 9
    • 33751242739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk-based evaluation of the exposure of children to trace elements in playground in Madrid (Spain)
    • De Miguel E., Iribarren I., Chacon E., Ordonez A., Charlesworth S. Risk-based evaluation of the exposure of children to trace elements in playground in Madrid (Spain). Chemosphere 2007, 66:505-513.
    • (2007) Chemosphere , vol.66 , pp. 505-513
    • De Miguel, E.1    Iribarren, I.2    Chacon, E.3    Ordonez, A.4    Charlesworth, S.5
  • 10
    • 0345293133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The investigation of trace heavy metal concentrations in the street dust samples collected from Kayseri, Turkey
    • Divrikli U., Soylak M., Elci L., Dogan M. The investigation of trace heavy metal concentrations in the street dust samples collected from Kayseri, Turkey. J Trace Microprobe Tech 2003, 21:713-720.
    • (2003) J Trace Microprobe Tech , vol.21 , pp. 713-720
    • Divrikli, U.1    Soylak, M.2    Elci, L.3    Dogan, M.4
  • 11
    • 0002336695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of acute health effects: summary of time series studies
    • Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, Wilson, Spengler (Eds.)
    • Dockery D., Pope A. Epidemiology of acute health effects: summary of time series studies. Particles in our air. Concentration and health effects 1996, 123-147. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, USA. Wilson, Spengler (Eds.).
    • (1996) Particles in our air. Concentration and health effects , pp. 123-147
    • Dockery, D.1    Pope, A.2
  • 12
    • 0037410384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring of lead, zinc, cadmium, nickel, chromium and copper in street dust samples in Adapazari, Turkey after earthquake
    • Dundar M.S., Pala M.F. Monitoring of lead, zinc, cadmium, nickel, chromium and copper in street dust samples in Adapazari, Turkey after earthquake. Trace Elem Electrolytes 2003, 20:104-107.
    • (2003) Trace Elem Electrolytes , vol.20 , pp. 104-107
    • Dundar, M.S.1    Pala, M.F.2
  • 13
    • 84877097655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of germanium, silver, barium, potassium, and iron in indoor and outdoor airdust of Sakarya using ICP-OES technique
    • Dündar M.S., Altidotlessndaǧ H., Deryaoǧlu N., Özdemir F., Karaçoban Ö. Determination of germanium, silver, barium, potassium, and iron in indoor and outdoor airdust of Sakarya using ICP-OES technique. SAÜ Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 2011, 15:105-112.
    • (2011) SAÜ Fen Bilimleri Dergisi , vol.15 , pp. 105-112
    • Dündar, M.S.1    Altidotlessndaǧ, H.2    Deryaoǧlu, N.3    Özdemir, F.4    Karaçoban, Ö.5
  • 14
    • 6444228950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of generic guideline values. Model and data used for generic guideline values for contaminated soils in Sweden
    • Naturvaardsverket, Stockholm, Sweden
    • Elert M., Jones C., Norman F. Development of generic guideline values. Model and data used for generic guideline values for contaminated soils in Sweden. Report No. 4639 1996, Naturvaardsverket, Stockholm, Sweden.
    • (1996) Report No. 4639
    • Elert, M.1    Jones, C.2    Norman, F.3
  • 15
    • 84868200696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contaminants in soil: updated collation of toxicological data and intake values for humans inorganic nickel
    • Environmental Agency
    • Environmental Agency Contaminants in soil: updated collation of toxicological data and intake values for humans inorganic nickel. Science report: SC050021/TOX 8 2010.
    • (2010) Science report: SC050021/TOX 8
  • 16
    • 84868211687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contaminants in the soil: updated collation of toxicological data and intake values for humans inorganic cadmium
    • Environmental Agency
    • Environmental Agency Contaminants in the soil: updated collation of toxicological data and intake values for humans inorganic cadmium. Science Report: SC050021/TOX 3 2010.
    • (2010) Science Report: SC050021/TOX 3
  • 17
    • 23044461502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geochemistry and risk assessment of street dust in Luanda, Angola: a tropical urban environment
    • Ferreira-Baptista L., De Miguel E. Geochemistry and risk assessment of street dust in Luanda, Angola: a tropical urban environment. Atmos Environ 2005, 39:4501-4512.
    • (2005) Atmos Environ , vol.39 , pp. 4501-4512
    • Ferreira-Baptista, L.1    De Miguel, E.2
  • 18
    • 0022899383 scopus 로고
    • Multi-step chemical extraction of heavy metals from urban soils
    • Gibson M.G., Farmer J.G. Multi-step chemical extraction of heavy metals from urban soils. Environ Pollut 1986, B11:117-135.
    • (1986) Environ Pollut , vol.B11 , pp. 117-135
    • Gibson, M.G.1    Farmer, J.G.2
  • 20
    • 33746616457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls in indoor air and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in indoor air and dust in Birmingham, United Kingdom: implications for human exposure
    • Harrad S., Hazrati S., Ibarra C. Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls in indoor air and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in indoor air and dust in Birmingham, United Kingdom: implications for human exposure. Environ Sci Technol 2006, 40:4633-4638.
    • (2006) Environ Sci Technol , vol.40 , pp. 4633-4638
    • Harrad, S.1    Hazrati, S.2    Ibarra, C.3
  • 21
    • 38949203335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in domestic indoor dust from Canada, New Zealand, United Kingdom and United States
    • Harrad S., Ibarra C., Diamond M., Melymuk L., Robson M., Douwes J., et al. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in domestic indoor dust from Canada, New Zealand, United Kingdom and United States. Environ Int 2008, 34:232-238.
    • (2008) Environ Int , vol.34 , pp. 232-238
    • Harrad, S.1    Ibarra, C.2    Diamond, M.3    Melymuk, L.4    Robson, M.5    Douwes, J.6
  • 22
    • 0019644519 scopus 로고
    • Chemical association of lead, cadmium, copper, and zinc in street dust and roadside soil
    • Harrison R.M., Laxen D.P.H., Wilson S.J. Chemical association of lead, cadmium, copper, and zinc in street dust and roadside soil. Environ Sci Technol 1981, 15.
    • (1981) Environ Sci Technol , vol.15
    • Harrison, R.M.1    Laxen, D.P.H.2    Wilson, S.J.3
  • 23
    • 79954417659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bioaccessibility and health risk of arsenic, mercury and other heavy metals in urban street dusts from a mega-city, Nanjing, China
    • Hu X., Zhang Y., Luo J., Wang T., Lian H., Ding Z. Bioaccessibility and health risk of arsenic, mercury and other heavy metals in urban street dusts from a mega-city, Nanjing, China. Environ Pollut 2011, 159.
    • (2011) Environ Pollut , vol.159
    • Hu, X.1    Zhang, Y.2    Luo, J.3    Wang, T.4    Lian, H.5    Ding, Z.6
  • 24
    • 33749495087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mass transfer of soil indoors by track-in on footwear
    • Hunt A., Johnson D.L., Griffith D.A. Mass transfer of soil indoors by track-in on footwear. Sci Total Environ 2006, 370:360-371.
    • (2006) Sci Total Environ , vol.370 , pp. 360-371
    • Hunt, A.1    Johnson, D.L.2    Griffith, D.A.3
  • 25
    • 33646075110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impacts of dust on environmental systems and human health
    • Inyang H.I., Bae S. Impacts of dust on environmental systems and human health. J Hazard Mater 2006, 132:5-6.
    • (2006) J Hazard Mater , vol.132 , pp. 5-6
    • Inyang, H.I.1    Bae, S.2
  • 26
    • 85022133727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Istanbul Governor's Office
    • Director's Office of Environment and Forestry, Istanbul, A. Sari (Ed.)
    • Istanbul Governor's Office Environmental assessment report of Istanbul 2006, Director's Office of Environment and Forestry, Istanbul. A. Sari (Ed.).
    • (2006) Environmental assessment report of Istanbul
  • 27
    • 0003391968 scopus 로고
    • JECFA, Evaulation of certain food additives and contaminants: 41st report of the Joint FA/WHO expert committe on food additives
    • No.837, World Health Organization, Geneva
    • JECFA Evaulation of certain food additives and contaminants: 41st report of the Joint FA/WHO expert committe on food additives. Technical Reports Series 1993, No.837. World Health Organization, Geneva.
    • (1993) Technical Reports Series
  • 28
    • 77649173725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental geochemistry of heavy metals in a sediment core of Bushehr, Persian Gulf, Iran
    • Karbassi A.R., Nabi-Bidhendi G.R., Bayati I. Environmental geochemistry of heavy metals in a sediment core of Bushehr, Persian Gulf, Iran. J Environ Health Sci Eng 2005, 2:225-260.
    • (2005) J Environ Health Sci Eng , vol.2 , pp. 225-260
    • Karbassi, A.R.1    Nabi-Bidhendi, G.R.2    Bayati, I.3
  • 29
    • 0027519815 scopus 로고
    • Concentrations and sources of cadmium, copper, lead and zinc in house dust in Christchurch, New Zealand
    • Kim N., Fergusson J. Concentrations and sources of cadmium, copper, lead and zinc in house dust in Christchurch, New Zealand. Sci Total Environ 1993, 138:1-21.
    • (1993) Sci Total Environ , vol.138 , pp. 1-21
    • Kim, N.1    Fergusson, J.2
  • 33
    • 70350752575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Migration of contaminated soil and airborne particulates to indoor dust
    • Layton D.W., Beamer P.I. Migration of contaminated soil and airborne particulates to indoor dust. Environ Sci Technol 2009, 43:8199-8205.
    • (2009) Environ Sci Technol , vol.43 , pp. 8199-8205
    • Layton, D.W.1    Beamer, P.I.2
  • 34
  • 35
    • 0034684769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Granulometry and the content of toxic and potentially toxic elements in vacuum-cleaner collected, indoor dusts of the city of Warsaw
    • Lisiewicz M., Heimburger R., Golimowski J. Granulometry and the content of toxic and potentially toxic elements in vacuum-cleaner collected, indoor dusts of the city of Warsaw. Sci Total Environ 2000, 263:69-78.
    • (2000) Sci Total Environ , vol.263 , pp. 69-78
    • Lisiewicz, M.1    Heimburger, R.2    Golimowski, J.3
  • 36
    • 56249097560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contamination assessment of copper, lead, zinc, manganese and nickel in street dust of Baoji, NW China
    • Lu L., Wang L., Lei K., Huang J., Zhai Y. Contamination assessment of copper, lead, zinc, manganese and nickel in street dust of Baoji, NW China. J Hazard Mater 2009, 161:1058-1062.
    • (2009) J Hazard Mater , vol.161 , pp. 1058-1062
    • Lu, L.1    Wang, L.2    Lei, K.3    Huang, J.4    Zhai, Y.5
  • 37
    • 0032792019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors affecting lead and cadmium levels in house dust in industrial areas of eastern Germany
    • Meyer I., Heinrich J., Lippold U. Factors affecting lead and cadmium levels in house dust in industrial areas of eastern Germany. Sci Total Environ 1999, 234:25-36.
    • (1999) Sci Total Environ , vol.234 , pp. 25-36
    • Meyer, I.1    Heinrich, J.2    Lippold, U.3
  • 39
    • 0032838186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The urban environment and children's health: soils as an integrator of lead, zinc, and cadmium in New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
    • Mielke H.W., Gonzales C.R., Smith M.K., Mielke P.W. The urban environment and children's health: soils as an integrator of lead, zinc, and cadmium in New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. Environ Res 1999, A81:117-129.
    • (1999) Environ Res , vol.A81 , pp. 117-129
    • Mielke, H.W.1    Gonzales, C.R.2    Smith, M.K.3    Mielke, P.W.4
  • 41
    • 40949122439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trace element fractionation processes in resuspended mineral aerosols extraxted from Australian continental surface materials
    • Moreno T., Amato F., Querol X., Alastuey A., Gibbons W. Trace element fractionation processes in resuspended mineral aerosols extraxted from Australian continental surface materials. Aust J Soil Res 2008, 46:128-140.
    • (2008) Aust J Soil Res , vol.46 , pp. 128-140
    • Moreno, T.1    Amato, F.2    Querol, X.3    Alastuey, A.4    Gibbons, W.5
  • 42
    • 33746462134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of fibre technology to control surface dust and bacteria contamination
    • School of Environmental Science, Murdoch University, Australia
    • Nastov J., Tan R., Dingle P. The use of fibre technology to control surface dust and bacteria contamination. Environ. Sci. Report Series 2003, 1. School of Environmental Science, Murdoch University, Australia.
    • (2003) Environ. Sci. Report Series , vol.1
    • Nastov, J.1    Tan, R.2    Dingle, P.3
  • 44
    • 0023823746 scopus 로고
    • A silent epidemic of environmental metal poisoning?
    • Nriagu J.O. A silent epidemic of environmental metal poisoning?. Environ Pollut 1988, 50:139-161.
    • (1988) Environ Pollut , vol.50 , pp. 139-161
    • Nriagu, J.O.1
  • 45
    • 84855722387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimation of daily intake of potentially toxic elements from urban dust and the role of oral bioaccessibility testing
    • Okorie A., Entwistle J., Dean J.R. Estimation of daily intake of potentially toxic elements from urban dust and the role of oral bioaccessibility testing. Chemosphere 2012, 86:460-467.
    • (2012) Chemosphere , vol.86 , pp. 460-467
    • Okorie, A.1    Entwistle, J.2    Dean, J.R.3
  • 46
    • 0023159786 scopus 로고
    • Application of differential pulse anodic-stripping voltammetry to the determination of heavy-metals in environmental samples
    • Ostapczuk P., Valenta P., Rutzel H., Nurnberg H.W. Application of differential pulse anodic-stripping voltammetry to the determination of heavy-metals in environmental samples. Sci Total Environ 1987, 60:1-16.
    • (1987) Sci Total Environ , vol.60 , pp. 1-16
    • Ostapczuk, P.1    Valenta, P.2    Rutzel, H.3    Nurnberg, H.W.4
  • 48
    • 77952365215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Total and extractable heavy metals in indoor, outdoor and street dust from Aswan City, Egypt
    • Rashed M.N. Total and extractable heavy metals in indoor, outdoor and street dust from Aswan City, Egypt. Clean 2008, 36:850-857.
    • (2008) Clean , vol.36 , pp. 850-857
    • Rashed, M.N.1
  • 49
    • 14944375695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can metal concentrations in indoor dust be predicted from soil geochemistry?
    • Rasmussen P.E. Can metal concentrations in indoor dust be predicted from soil geochemistry?. J Anal Sci Spectrosc 2004, 49:166-174.
    • (2004) J Anal Sci Spectrosc , vol.49 , pp. 166-174
    • Rasmussen, P.E.1
  • 50
    • 0035925106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multi-element profile of housedust in relation to exterios dust and soils in the city of Ottawa, Canada
    • Rasmussen P.E., Subramanian K.S., Jessiman B.J. A multi-element profile of housedust in relation to exterios dust and soils in the city of Ottawa, Canada. Sci Total Environ 2001, 267:125-140.
    • (2001) Sci Total Environ , vol.267 , pp. 125-140
    • Rasmussen, P.E.1    Subramanian, K.S.2    Jessiman, B.J.3
  • 51
    • 85022156661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resmi Gazete. Toprak kirliliginin kontrolu ve noktasal kaynakli kirlenmis sahalara dair yonetmelik
    • Cevre ve Sehircilik Bakanligi, Ed. Ankara, vol. 27605;
    • Resmi Gazete. Toprak kirliliginin kontrolu ve noktasal kaynakli kirlenmis sahalara dair yonetmelik. Cevre ve Sehircilik Bakanligi, Ed. Ankara, vol. 27605; 2010.
    • (2010)
  • 53
    • 84862681152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: pollution and ecological risk assessment in street dust of Tehran
    • Saeedi M., Li L.Y., Salmanzadeh M. Heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: pollution and ecological risk assessment in street dust of Tehran. J Hazard Mater 2012, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.04.047.
    • (2012) J Hazard Mater
    • Saeedi, M.1    Li, L.Y.2    Salmanzadeh, M.3
  • 54
    • 0142217985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of heavy metal concentrations in street dusts in Istanbul E-5 highway
    • Sezgin N., Ozcan H.K., Demir G., Nemlioglu S., Bayat C. Determination of heavy metal concentrations in street dusts in Istanbul E-5 highway. Environ Int 2003, 29:979-985.
    • (2003) Environ Int , vol.29 , pp. 979-985
    • Sezgin, N.1    Ozcan, H.K.2    Demir, G.3    Nemlioglu, S.4    Bayat, C.5
  • 55
    • 0003463937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The lognormal distribution in environmental applications
    • Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
    • Singh A.K., Singh A., Engelhardt M. The lognormal distribution in environmental applications. EPA/600/R-97/006 1997, Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
    • (1997) EPA/600/R-97/006
    • Singh, A.K.1    Singh, A.2    Engelhardt, M.3
  • 56
    • 0028989379 scopus 로고
    • Deposition, resuspension, and penetration of particles within a residence
    • Thatcher T.L., Layton D.W. Deposition, resuspension, and penetration of particles within a residence. Atmos Environ 1995, 29:1487-1497.
    • (1995) Atmos Environ , vol.29 , pp. 1487-1497
    • Thatcher, T.L.1    Layton, D.W.2
  • 57
    • 84878121577 scopus 로고
    • Metal contamination of soils in urban areas
    • Blackwell, Bullock, Gregory (Eds.)
    • Thornton I. Metal contamination of soils in urban areas. Soils in the urban environment 1991, 47-75. Blackwell. Bullock, Gregory (Eds.).
    • (1991) Soils in the urban environment , pp. 47-75
    • Thornton, I.1
  • 58
    • 0344653610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are nursery schools and kindergartens safe for our kids? The Hong Kong study
    • Tong S.T.Y., Lam K.C. Are nursery schools and kindergartens safe for our kids? The Hong Kong study. Sci Total Environ 1998, 216:217-225.
    • (1998) Sci Total Environ , vol.216 , pp. 217-225
    • Tong, S.T.Y.1    Lam, K.C.2
  • 59
    • 0034632181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Home sweet home? A case study of household dust contamination in Hong Kong
    • Tong S.T.Y., Lam K.C. Home sweet home? A case study of household dust contamination in Hong Kong. Sci Total Environ 2000, 256:115-123.
    • (2000) Sci Total Environ , vol.256 , pp. 115-123
    • Tong, S.T.Y.1    Lam, K.C.2
  • 61
    • 0042354655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigation of heavy metal levels in street dust samples in Tokat, Turkey
    • Tüzen M. Investigation of heavy metal levels in street dust samples in Tokat, Turkey. J Trace Microprobe Tech 2003, 21:513-521.
    • (2003) J Trace Microprobe Tech , vol.21 , pp. 513-521
    • Tüzen, M.1
  • 62
    • 0004323075 scopus 로고
    • Risk assessment guidance for Superfund, vol. I: human health evaluation manual
    • Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, US EPA
    • US EPA Risk assessment guidance for Superfund, vol. I: human health evaluation manual. EPA/540/1-89/002 1989, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
    • (1989) EPA/540/1-89/002
  • 63
    • 0003433061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soil screening guidance: technical background document
    • Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, US EPA
    • US EPA Soil screening guidance: technical background document. EPA/540/r-95/128 1996, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
    • (1996) EPA/540/r-95/128
  • 64
    • 84940598995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure factors handbook
    • US EPA, U.S. EPA National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC
    • US EPA Exposure factors handbook. EPA/600/P-95/002Fa-c 1997, U.S. EPA National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC.
    • (1997) EPA/600/P-95/002Fa-c
  • 65
    • 84919877234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk assessment guidance for Superfund: volume III - part A, process for conducting probabilistic risk assessment
    • US EPA, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
    • US EPA Risk assessment guidance for Superfund: volume III - part A, process for conducting probabilistic risk assessment. EPA 540-R-02-002 2001, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
    • (2001) EPA 540-R-02-002
  • 66
    • 84882468714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calculating upper confidence limits for exposure point concentrations at hazardous waste sites
    • US EPA, Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, 20460, December 2002
    • US EPA Calculating upper confidence limits for exposure point concentrations at hazardous waste sites. OSWER 9285.6-10 2002, Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, 20460, December 2002.
    • (2002) OSWER 9285.6-10
  • 67
    • 84868212609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Child specific exposure factors handbook
    • US EPA, National Center for Environmental Assessment, Washington, DC
    • US EPA Child specific exposure factors handbook. EPA-600-P-00-002B 2002, National Center for Environmental Assessment, Washington, DC.
    • (2002) EPA-600-P-00-002B
  • 68
    • 45849088557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimation of relative bioavailablity of lead in soil and soil-like materials using in vivo and in vitro methods
    • US EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, May 2007
    • US EPA Estimation of relative bioavailablity of lead in soil and soil-like materials using in vivo and in vitro methods. OSWER 9285.7-77 2007, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, May 2007.
    • (2007) OSWER 9285.7-77
  • 70
    • 84907177446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure factors handbook 2011 edition
    • US EPA, National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., 20460
    • US EPA Exposure factors handbook 2011 edition. EPA/600/R-09/052F 2011, National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., 20460.
    • (2011) EPA/600/R-09/052F
  • 72
    • 33544472102 scopus 로고
    • Human exposure to soil contamination: a qualitative and quantitative analysis towards proposals for human toxicological intervention values
    • National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
    • Van den Berg R. Human exposure to soil contamination: a qualitative and quantitative analysis towards proposals for human toxicological intervention values. RIVM Report no. 725201011 1995, National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
    • (1995) RIVM Report no. 725201011
    • Van den Berg, R.1
  • 73
    • 34250159122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improving indoor environmental quality for public health: impediments and policy recommendations
    • Wu F., Jacobs D., Mitchell C.S., Miller D., Karol M.H. Improving indoor environmental quality for public health: impediments and policy recommendations. Environ Heàlth Perspect 2007, 115:953-957.
    • (2007) Environ Heàlth Perspect , vol.115 , pp. 953-957
    • Wu, F.1    Jacobs, D.2    Mitchell, C.S.3    Miller, D.4    Karol, M.H.5
  • 74
    • 71849094543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health risk assessment of heavy metal exposure to street dust in the zinc smelting district, northeast of China
    • Zheng N., Liu J., Wang Q., Liang Z. Health risk assessment of heavy metal exposure to street dust in the zinc smelting district, northeast of China. Sci Total Environ 2010, 408:726-733.
    • (2010) Sci Total Environ , vol.408 , pp. 726-733
    • Zheng, N.1    Liu, J.2    Wang, Q.3    Liang, Z.4
  • 75
    • 77954660961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heavy metals exposure of children from stairway and sidewalk dust in the smelting district, northeast of China
    • Zheng N., Liu J., Wang Q., Liang Z. Heavy metals exposure of children from stairway and sidewalk dust in the smelting district, northeast of China. Atmos Environ 2010, 44:3239-3245.
    • (2010) Atmos Environ , vol.44 , pp. 3239-3245
    • Zheng, N.1    Liu, J.2    Wang, Q.3    Liang, Z.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.