Remixing human rights: Rethinking civic expression, representation and personal security in online video

First Monday

Volumn 17, Issue 8, 2012, Pages

  Gregory, Sam ^a   Losh, Elizabeth ^b  

^a HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84867289701     PISSN: 13960466     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5210/fm.v17i8.4104     Document Type: Article

References (82)

1. Feridata1, 2009. IRAN They don't care about us (26 June), at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dFxQ0lkW7NU.
2. Thetalentedmrman, 2011. Egypt Anti Government Protest Revolution - They Don't Really Care About Us - China Revolution next? (30 January), at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=65RlhrGWpQI.
3. MrTounsiHorr, 2011. They don't care about us-Sidi-Bouzid_Tunisia_09January2011.mp4 (9 January), at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aq3sv_Gx2Mo.
4. Michael Jackson, 2009. Michael Jackson - They Don't Care About Us (Official Prison Version) (4 July), at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=97nAvTVeR6o.
5. SonyPicturesDVD. 2010. Michael Jackson's This Is It - They Don't Care About Us - Dancing Inmates HD (23 January), at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mKtdTJP_GUI.
6. Skyler D. White, 2008. Michael Jackson vs Daft Punk: They Don't Really Care About Us (Stronger) 1.4 (23 November), at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G4ZASpwmpwM.
7. Kazys Varnelis (editor), 2008. Networked publics. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
8. See Francesca Coppa, 2008. "Women, Star Trek, and the early development of fannish vidding," Transformative Works and Cultures, volume 1, at http://journal.transformativeworks.org/index.php/twc/article/view/44/64
9. Mizuko Ito, 2010. "The rewards of non-commercial production: Distinctions and status in the anime music video scene," First Monday, volume 15, number 5, at http://firstmonday.org/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/2968/2528.
10. The Most AMAZING video on the internet #Egypt #jan25, at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ThvBJMzmSZI&feature=player_embedded#at=15.
11. Henry Jenkins, 2006. Convergence culture: Where old and new media collide. New York: New York University Press, p. 208.
12. Lawrence Lessig, 2008. Remix: Making art and commerce thrive in the hybrid economy. New York: Penguin Press, p. 74.
13. Sherrie Gossett, 2004. "Bogus GI rape photos used as Arab propaganda" (4 May), at http://www.wnd.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=38335.
14. Sherrie Gossett, 2004. "Fake rape photos infuriate Arab world" (9 May), at http://www.wnd.com/?pageId=24543.
15. About | Alive in Libya," at http://alive.in/libya/about/.
16. Hypercities:: Uncategorized:: New Featured Collection: Election Protests in Iran+ new Interview with Creator," at http://hypercities.com/blog/2009/12/08/new-featured-collection-election-protests-in-iran/.
17. Malachy Browne, 2012. "Inside Storyful - Storyful's validation process," at http://blog.storyful.com/2012/04/24/inside-storyful-storyfuls-verification-process/.
18. Alex Murray, 2011. "#bbcsms BBC processes for verifying social media content," at http://www.bbc.co.uk/journalism/blog/2011/05/bbcsms-bbc-procedures-for-veri.shtml
19. Mark Little, 2011. "Storyful - the Human Algorithm," at http://blog.storyful.com/2011/05/20/the-human-algorithm-2/.
20. New York Times, n.d. "Watching Syria's War," at http://projects.nytimes.com/watching-syrias-war?ref=globalhome.
21. YouTube Human Rights Channel [BETA], http://www.youtube.com/humanrights
22. Jennifer Preston, 2012. "New YouTube Channel Aims to Add Context to Activist Videos," New York Times (25 May), at http://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/05/25/new-youtube-channel-aims-to-add-context-to-activist-videos/.
23. See search 'child soldiers video' on Google Search: Videos
24. Eli Horwatt, 2011. "A Taxonomy of Digital Video Remixing: Contemporary Found Footage Practice on the Internet," Scope: An Online Journal of Film & TV Studies, issue 19, at http://www.scope.nottingham.ac.uk/cultborr/chapter.php?id=8.
25. See discussion of the related genre of home dance in Kathrin Peters and Andrea Seier, 2009. "Home dance: Mediacy and aesthetics of the self on YouTube," In: Pelle Snickars and Patrick Vondereau (editors). The YouTube Reader. Stockholm: National Library of Sweden, pp.187-203.
26. Henry Jenkins, 2009. "What happened before YouTube," In: Jean Burgess and Joshua Green. YouTube: Online video and participatory culture. Cambridge: Polity Press, p. 107.
27. Anonymous, 2011. Viva La Revolutions (2 March), at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IAHSb8vdiWk&feature=youtube_gdata_player.
28. onlymehdi, 2010. Scream till Freedom (4 February), at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z7X3rNXhP5k.
29. onlymehdi's channel, at http://www.youtube.com/user/onlymehdi.
30. AleYasin110, 2009. Neda Agha Sultan Death Scene Video Is FAKE! (27 June), at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9hdEwKImeiI&feature=youtube_gdata_player.
31. johnnyasia7, 2009. Neda video was staged - There's a man with a tape measure at the beginning of the video (22 July), at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8O_P8CCPm-U&feature=youtube_gdata_player.
32. Misrdigit@l, 2007. Egyptian Police Brutality 1, at http://www.youtube.com/user/waelabbas#p/u/388/WqJyJSpWkrw.
33. Issues discussed in: Brian Winston, 1995. Claiming the real. London: British Film Institute.
34. Brian Winston, 2000. Lies, damn lies and documentaries. London: British Film Institute.
35. Patricia Aufderheide, Peter Jaszi, and Mridu Chandra, 2009. Honest truths: Documentary filmmakers on ethical challenges in their work. Washington D.C.: Center for Social Media, American University, at http://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/making-your-media-matter/documents/best-practices/honest-truths-documentary-filmmakers-ethical-chall.
36. Yale University Human Rights Law Clinic. 2005. Frameworks for informed consent: Perspectives from law, ethics, journalism and human rights, unpublished; at http://www.scribd.com/doc/88872140/Yale-InformedConsent-Memo2005.
37. WITNESS Video for Change blog, 2010. "The ethical engagements of human rights social media," at http://blog.witness.org/2010/11/the-ethical-engagements-of-human-rights-social-media/.
38. Frances Guerin and Roger Hallas, 2007. The image and the witness: Trauma, memory and visual culture. London: Wallflower Press.
39. For further discussion on this question of responsibilities of witnessing, and the conventions of documentary testimony in human rights, see also: Bhaskar Sarkar and Janet Walker (editors). 2010. Documentary testimonies: Global archives of suffering. New York: Routledge.
40. Ken Gonzales-Day", n.d., at http://www.kengonzalesday.com/projects/erasedlynching/.
41. Amy Louise Wood, 2009. Lynching and spectacle: Witnessing racial violence in America, 1890-1940. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, p. 197.
42. Susan Sontag, 2003. Regarding the pain of others. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, p. 92.
43. jacoblee776, 2006. Squatgate Video - Kemaluan Malaysia - Noh Omar Kurang Ajar (5 January), at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5pIx5L2Vhlg&feature=youtube_gdata_player.
44. Shiv Malik, Ian Black and Nidaa Hassan, 2011. "Teenage victim becomes a symbol for Syria's revolution," Guardian (31 May), at http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/may/31/syria-unrest-teenage-victim-hamza.
45. Alastair Beach, 2011. "Protestor who exposed lies at the heart of Syria's regime," Independent (23 May), at http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/protester-who-exposed-lies-at-the-heart-of-syrias-regime-2287789.html and WITNESS blog.
46. Hala Al-Dosari, 2011. "Saudi women drivers take the wheel on June 17," Al Jazeera English, 16 2011, at http://english.aljazeera.net/indepth/opinion/2011/06/201161694746333674.html.
47. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4TIIbbBJ-2Y.
48. Cash Gaines, 2010. TURF FEINZ "RIP Oscar Grant" | YAK FILMS | Fruitvale BART shooting in Oakland, CA | Police Killing (31 December), at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=atyTZ8prhCg.
49. Henry Jenkins, 2011. "Confessions of an Aca/Fan: Archives: Media-Making Madness: #Arab Revolutions from the Perspective of Egyptian-American VJ Um Amel (Part One)," Confessions of an Aca-Fan (21 February), at http://henryjenkins.org/2011/02/media-making_madness_arab_revo.html.
50. Alexandra Juhasz, 2011. Learning from YouTube. [Boston, Mass.]: MIT Press, at http://vectors.usc.edu/projects/learningfromyoutube.
51. Pato Hebert and Alexandra Juhasz. PerpiTube, at http://www.pitzer.edu/offices/galleries/exhibits/2011/PerpiTube.
52. Scarceclips. Tamer Shaaban: Behind Egypt's viral, at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JVtwRpGCMsE.
53. tshaaban88. Egyptian Revolution Jan 25th 2011 - Take what's Yours! at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vo5Fn1-2E8o.
54. hadi15. The Most AMAZING video on the internet #Egypt #jan25, at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ThvBJMzmSZI.
55. Authors' interview with Tamer Shaaban (4 October 2011)
56. Authors' interview with Tamer Shaaban (4 October 2011)
57. In contrast David Dusa's 2010 fictional film Fleurs du Mal, which incorporates actual witness footage from YouTube and Google Video showing violence done to protesters in Iran, depicts the female Iranian exile protagonist, Anahita, as a passive and powerless watcher of Internet images who must return home to take an in-person active role in social change
58. Authors' interview with Tamer Shaaban (4 October 2011)
59. Livia Hinegardner, 2009. "Action, organization, and documentary film: Beyond a communications model of human rights videos," Visual Anthropology Review, volume 25, number 2, pp. 172-185.
60. Most notably: tshaaban88. The Egyptian Revolution - The World Calls for Peace #Egypt #peace, at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wv9kDyaOylI.
61. Authors' interview with Tamer Shaaban (4 October 2011)
62. YouTube Community Guidelines, at http://www.youtube.com/t/community_guidelines.
63. Misrdigit@l channel, at http://www.youtube.com/user/waelabbas.
64. http://twitter.com/#!/waelabbas/statuses/433467142.
65. Further discussion of the channel suspension available at Sameer Padania. "Wael Abbas' YouTube Channel Suspended," The Hub [UPDATED: 29 November 07], at http://hub.witness.org/en/node/7716.
66. Matisse Bustos Hawkes. "A Peek Behind the Digital Curtain: Discussing YouTube's Take Down Policy," at http://blog.witness.org/2010/06/a-peak-behind-the-digital-curtain-discussing-youtubes-take-down-policy/.
67. Ari Gelber, 2011. "YouTube Reinstates Blocked Video of Child Allegedly Tortured in Syria," Nation (31 May), at http://www.thenation.com/blog/161050/youtube-reinstates-blocked-video-child-allegedly-tortured-syria.
68. YouTube Human Rights Channel [BETA], at http://www.youtube.com/humanrights.
69. For discussion on this dynamic of globalization/localization of human rights struggles see Sam Gregory, 2006. "Transnational storytelling: Human rights, WITNESS, and video advocacy," American Anthropologist, volume 108, number 1, pp. 195-204.
70. The Hub, at http://hub.witness.org.
71. Rachel Shapiro, 2011. "Righteous remix," Writing 302 (10 October), at http://www.rachaelshapiro.net/wrt302/?p=97.
72. Maria Sanfeliu. "Righteous remix," at http://mariasanfeliu.digifolio.org/?page_id=31.
73. Political Remix Video. n.d. http://www.politicalremixvideo.com/what-is-political-remix/.
74. STAND, n.d. "Pledge: On Camera," at http://www.standnow.org/campaigns/pledge-camera.
75. STAND, n.d. "Pledge: On Camera - FAQs," at http://www.standnow.org/campaigns/pledge-camera/faqs.
76. MarilinStand. "Pledge to Protect FL video," at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GMUI3tdKM30.
77. mianewm. "California Calls on Senator Boxer to follow GPTF Recommendations: a Witness-STAND project," at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dPKYYyfG0ao.
78. Chris Michael, 2009. WITNESS & STAND Partnership Spotlight: Pledge on Camera, at http://hub.witness.org/STAND-SPOTLIGHT.
79. J3M, "JSON Evidentiary Mobile Media Metadata Standard," at http://j3m.info/.
80. WITNESS Video for Change blog, 2010. "The ethical engagements of human rights social media," at http://blog.witness.org/2010/11/the-ethical-engagements-of-human-rights-social-media/Ibid.
81. hadi15, 2011. The Most AMAZING video on the internet #Egypt #jan25 (27 January), at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ThvBJMzmSZI.
82. Hellbomber, 2006. Police Brutality (29 July), at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3jIy4FUloxU&feature=youtube_gdata_player.