Role of vertical mixing originating from small vertical scale structures above and within the equatorial thermocline in an OGCM

Ocean Modelling

Volumn 57-58, Issue , 2012, Pages 29-42

  Sasaki, Wataru ^a   Richards, Kelvin J ^b   Luo, Jing Jia ^c  

^a JAPAN AGENCY FOR MARINE EARTH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (Japan)

^b UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII   (United States)

^c BUREAU OF METEOROLOGY   (Australia)

Author keywords

Ocean general circulation model; Small vertical scale structures; Vertical mixing

Indexed keywords

ANNUAL CYCLE; ANNUAL MEAN; EDDY KINETIC ENERGY; ENHANCED MIXING; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; HIGH VERTICAL RESOLUTION; MIXED LAYER; OCEAN GENERAL CIRCULATION MODELS; OCEAN MIXING; PARAMETERIZED; PHILLIPS; SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE (SST); SURFACE HEATING; TROPICAL INSTABILITY WAVES; VERTICAL MIXING; VERTICAL SHEAR;

MIXING; OCEANOGRAPHY; SHEAR FLOW;

STREAM FLOW;

COOLING; HEATING; KINETIC ENERGY; MERIDIONAL CIRCULATION; OCEANIC GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL; SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE; TEMPERATURE GRADIENT; THERMOCLINE; VERTICAL MIXING;

EID: 84867236428     PISSN: 14635003     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ocemod.2012.09.002     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. Bjerknes J. Atmospheric teleconnections from the equatorial Pacific. Mon. Wea. Rev. 1969, 97:163-172.
2. Blanke B., Delecluse P. Variability of the tropical Atlantic Ocean simulated by a general circulation model with two different mixed layer physics. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 1993, 23:1363-1388.
3. Cravatte S., Menkes C.E.R. Sensitivity of mixed layer heat budgets to wind forcing: a case study for the equatorial Pacific cold tongue. Ocean Modell. 2009, 29(3):198-212.
4. Fedorov A.V., Brierley C.M., Emanuel K. Tropical cyclones and permanent El Nino in the early Pliocene epoch. Nature 2010, 463:1066-1071.
5. Gregg M.C., Winkel D.P., Sanford T.B., Peters H. Turbulence produced by internal waves in the oceanic thermocline at mid and low latitudes. Dyn. Atmos. Oceans 1996, 24:1-14.
6. Gregg M.C., Sanford B., Winkel D.P. Reduced mixing from the breaking of internal waves in equatorial waters. Nature 2003, 422:513-515.
7. Jochum M., Murtugudde R. Temperature advection by tropical instability wave. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2005, 36:592-605.
8. Johnson G.C., Sloyan B.M., Kessler W.S., McTaggart K.E. Direct measurements of upper ocean currents and water properties across the tropical Pacific during the 1990s. Prog. Oceanogr. 2002, 52:31-61.
9. Kessler W.S., Rothstein L.M., Chen D. The annual cycle of SST in the eastern tropical pacific, diagnosed in an ocean GCM. J. Clim. 1998, 11:777-799.
10. Large W., Yeager S., 2004. Diurnal to decadal global forcing for ocean and seaice models: the data sets and climatologies. Technical Report TN-460+STR, NCAR, 105 pp.
11. Large W.G., McWilliams J.C., Doney S.C. Oceanic vertical mixing: a review and a model with a nonlocal boundary layer parameterization. Rev. Geophys. 1994, 32(4):363-403.
12. Levitus, S., 1982. Climatological Atlas of the World Ocean, NOAA Prof. Paper 13, p. 173 (17microfiche).
13. Lin J.-L. The double-ITCZ problem in IPCC AR4 coupled CGMs: ocean-atmosphere feedback analysis. J. Clim. 2007, 20:4497-4525.
14. Madec, G., 2006. NEMO Ocean Engine, Note du Pole de Modelisation, Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace (IPSL).
15. McPhaden M.J. Fine-structure variability observed in CTD measurements from the central equatorial Pacific. J. Geophys. Res. 1985, 90(C6):11726-11740.
16. Meehl G.A., Gent P.R., Arblaster J.M., Otto-Bliesner B.L., Brandy E.C., Craig A. Factors that affect the amplitude of El Nino in global coupled climate models. Clim. Dyn. 2001, 17:515-526.
17. Menkes C.E.R., Vialard J.G., Kennan S.C., Boulanger J.-P., Madec G.V. A Modeling study of the impact of tropical instability waves on the heat budget of the eastern equatorial Pacific. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2006, 36:847-865.
18. Natarov A., Richards K.J. Three-dimensional instabilities of oscillatory equatorial zonal shear flows. J. Fluid Mech. 2009, 623:59-74.
19. Noh Y., Kang Y.J. Matsuura T., Iizuka S. Effect of the Prandtl number in the parameterization of vertical mixing in an OGCM of the tropical Pacific, Geophys. Res. Lett. 2005, 32:L23609. 10.1029/2005GL024540.
20. Pacanowski R., Philander S.G.H. Parameterization of vertical mixing in numerical models of tropical oceans. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 1981, 11:1443-1451.
21. Peters H., Gregg M.C., Sanford T.B. Equatorial and off-equatorial fine-scale and large-scale shear variability at 140W. J. Geophys. Res. 1991, 96(C9):16913-16928.
22. Phillips O.M. Turbulence in a strongly stratified fluid - is it unstable?. Deep Sea Res. 1972, 19:79-81.
23. Richards K.J., Xie S.-P., Miyama T. Vertical mixing in the ocean and its impact on the coupled ocean-atmosphere system in the eastern tropical Pacific. J. Clim. 2009, 22:3703-3719.
24. Richards K.J., Kashino Y., Natarov A., Firing E. Mixing in the western equatorial Pacific and its modulation by ENSO. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2012, 39:L02604. 10.1029/2011GL050439.
25. Small R.J., Richards K.J., Xie S.-P., Dutrieux P., Miyama T. Damping of tropical instability waves caused by the action of surface currents on stress. J. Geophys. Res. 2009, 114:C04009.
26. Wrytki K. Upwelling in the Costa Rica Dome. Fish. Bull. 1964, 63(2):355-372.
27. Zaron E.D., Moum J.N. A new look at Richardson number mixing schemes for equatorial ocean modeling. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2009, 39:2652-2664.