Clinical importance of detection of bacterial vaginosis, trichomonas vaginalis, candida albicans and actinomyces in Papanicolaou smears

Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology

Volumn 39, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 333-336

  Guducu N ^a   Gonenc G ^a   Isci H ^a   Basgul Yigiter A ^a   Bassullu N ^a   Dunder I ^a  

^a ISTANBUL BILIM UNIVERSITY   (Turkey)

Author keywords

Actinomyces; Bacterial vaginosis; Candida albicans; Pap smear; Trichomonas vaginalis

Indexed keywords

ACTINOMYCES; ADULT; ARTICLE; BACTERIUM DETECTION; CANDIDA ALBICANS; CANDIDIASIS; CONTRACEPTION; DEVICE INFECTION; FEMALE; FEMALE GENITAL TRACT INFECTION; FUNGAL DETECTION; HIGH RISK PATIENT; HUMAN; INFECTION RISK; INTRAUTERINE CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MEDICAL RECORD REVIEW; PAPANICOLAOU TEST; POSTMENOPAUSE; TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS; TRICHOMONIASIS; VAGINITIS;

ACTINOMYCOSIS; ADULT; AGE FACTORS; CANDIDIASIS; CONTRACEPTION; FEMALE; HUMANS; INTRAUTERINE DEVICES; MIDDLE AGED; POSTMENOPAUSE; TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS; TRICHOMONAS VAGINITIS; VAGINAL DISEASES; VAGINAL SMEARS; VAGINOSIS, BACTERIAL;

EID: 84867158224     PISSN: 03906663     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. World Health Organization: "Global prevalence and incidence of selected curable sexually transmitted infections: overview and estimates". In: WHO Geneva, 2001, 27.
2. O'Brien R.F.: "Bacterial vaginosis: many questions-any answers?". Curr. Opin. Pediatr., 2005, 17, 473.
3. Larsson P.G., Bergstrom M., Forsum U., Jacobsson B., Strand A., Wolner-Hanssen P.: "Bacterial vaginosis. Transmission, role in genital tract infection and pregnancy outcome: an enigma". APMIS, 2005, 113, 233.
4. Platz-Christensen J.J., Larsson P.G., Sundstrom E., Bondeson L.: "Detection of bacterial vaginosis in Papanicolaou smears". Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 1989, 160, 132.
5. Forsum U., Hoist E., Larsson P.G., Vasquez A., Jakobsson T., Mattsby-Baltzer I.: "Bacterial vaginosis-a microbial and immunological enigma". APMIS, 2005, 1113, 81.
6. Lamont R.F., Morgan D.J., Wilden S.D., Taylor-Robinson D.: "Prevalence of bacterial vaginosis in women attending one of three general practices for routine cervical cytology". Int. J. STD. AIDS, 2000, 11, 495.
7. Yen S., Shafer M.A., Moncada J., Campbell C.J., Flinn S.D., Boyer C.B.: "Bacterial vaginosis in sexually experienced and non-experienced young women entering the military". Obstet. Gynecol., 2003, 102, 927.
8. Davis J.D., Connor E.E., Clark P., Wilkonson E.J., Duff P.: "Correlation between cervical cytologic results and gram stain as diagnostic tests for bacterial vaginosis". Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 1997, 177, 532.
9. Amsel R., Totten P.A., Spiegel C.A., Chen K., Eschenbach D.A., Holmes K.K.: "Nonspecific vaginitis. Diagnostic criteria and microbial and epidemiologic associations". Am. J. Med., 1983, 74, 14.
10. Spiegel C.A., Amsel R., Holmes K.K.: "Diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis by direct gram stain of vaginal fluid". J. Clin. Microbiol., 1983, 18, 170.
11. Platz-Christensen J.J., Larsson P.G., Sundstrom E., Wiqvist N.: "Detection of bacterial vaginosis in wet-mount, Papanicolaou stained vaginal smears and gram stained smears". Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand., 1995, 74, 67.
12. Giacomini G., Calcinai A., Moretti D., Cristofani R.: "Accuracy of cervical/vaginal cytology in the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis". Sex Transm. Dis., 1998, 25, 24.
13. Eriksson K., Forsum U., Bjornerem A., Platz-Christensen J.J., Larsson P.G.: "Validation of the use of Pap-stained vaginal smears for diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis". APMIS, 2007, 115, 809.
14. Discacciati M.G., Simoes J.A., Amaral R.G., Brolazo E., Rabelo-Santos S.H., Westin M.C.A., Morternor E.B.L.: "Presence of 20% or more clue cells: An accurate criterion for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis in Papanicolaou cervical smears". Diagn. Cytopathol., 2005, 34, 272.
15. Vardar E., Maral I., Inal M., Özgüder Ö., Tasli F., Postaci H.: "Comparison of gram stain and Pap smear procedures in the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis", Infect. Dis. Obstet. Gynecol., 2002, 10, 203.
16. Tokyol Ç., Aktepe O.C., Cevrioglu A.S., Altindi M., Dilek F.H.: "Bacterial vaginosis: comparison of Pap smear and microbiological test results". Mod. Pathol., 2004, 17, 857.
17. Lamont R.F., Hudson E.A., Hay P.E., Morgan D.J., Modi V., Ison C.A. et al.: "A comparison of the use of Papanicolaou-stained cervical cytological smears with gram-stained vaginal smears for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis in early pregnancy". Int. J. STD AIDS, 1999, 10, 93.
18. Keane F.E., Maw R., Pritchard C., Ison C.A.: "Methods employed by genitourinary medicine clinics in the United Kingdom to diagnose bacterial vaginosis". Sex Transm. Infect., 2005, 81, 155.
19. Gutman R.E., Peipert J.F., Weitzen S., Blume J.: "Evaluation of clinical methods for diagnosing bacterial vaginosis". Obstet. Gynecol., 2005, 105, 551.
20. Simoes J.A., Discacciati M.G., Brolazo E.M., Portugal P.M., Dini D.V., Dantas M.C.: "Clinical diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis". Int. J. Gynecol. Obstet., 2006, 94, 28.
21. Georgijevic A., Cjukic-Ivancevic S., Bujko M.: "Bacterial vaginosis. Epidemiology and risk factors". Srp Arh Celok Lek, 2000, 128, 29.
22. Spence M.R., Hollander D.H., Smith J., McCaig L., Sewell D., Brockman M.: "The clinical and laboratory diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis infection". Sex Transm. Dis., 1980, 7, 168.
23. Moodley P., Wilkinson D., Connolly C., Moodley J., Sturm A.W.: "Trichomonas vaginalis is associated with pelvic inflammatory disease in women infected with human immunodeficiency virus". Clin. Infect. Dis., 2002, 34, 519.
24. Petersen C.S., Carl L., Alnor D., Thomsen U., Thomsen H.K.: "Ignored trichomonal infestation diagnosed by Papanicolaou smear". Genitourin Med., 1995, 71, 257.
25. Burja I.T., Shurbaji M.S.: "Clinical impact of identifying trichomonas vaginalis on cervicovaginal (papanicolaou) smears". Diagn. Cytopathol., 2001, 24, 195.
26. Loo S.K.F., Tang W.Y.M., Lo K.K.: "Clinical significance of trichomonas vaginalis detected in Papanicolaou smear: a survey in female Social Hygiene Clinic". Hong Kong Med. J., 2009, 15, 90.
27. Audisio T., Pigini T., de Riutort S.V., Schindler L., Ozan M., Tocalli C., Bertolotto P.: "Validity of the Papanicolaou smear in the diagnosis of candida spp, trichomonas vaginalis and bacterial vaginosis". J. Lower Gen. Tract Dis., 2001, 5, 223.
28. Lara-Torre E., Pinkerton J.S.: "Accuracy of detection of trichomonas vaginalis organisms on a liquid-based papanicolaou smear". Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 2003, 188, 354.
29. Sönmez T.G., Keçeli Ö.S., Yücesoy G., Gacar G.: "The relation between trichomoniasis and contraceptive methods". Türkiye Parazitol Derg., 2009, 33, 266.
30. Ceruti M., Canestrelli M., Condemi V.: "Methods of contraception and rates of genital infections". Clin. Epid. Obstet. Gynecol., 1994, 119.
31. Spinillo A., Bernuzzi A.M., Cevini C., Gulminetti R., Luzi S., De Santolo A.: "The relationship of bacterial vaginosis, candida and trichomonas infection to symptomatic vaginitis in postmenopausal women attending a vaginitis clinic". Maturitas, 1997, 27, 253.
32. Eckert L.O., Hawes S.E., Stevens C.E., Koutsky L.A., Eschenbach D.A., Holmes K.K.: "Vulvovaginal candidiasis: clinical manifestations, risk factors, management algorithm". Obstet. Gynecol., 1998, 92, 757.
33. Sobel J.D.: "Candidal vulvovaginitis". Clin. Obstet. Gynecol., 1993, 36, 153.
34. Shurbaji M.S., Burja I.T., Sawyer W.L.: "Clinical significance of identifying candida on cervicovaginal smears". Diagn. Cytopathol., 1999, 21, 14.
35. Gupta P.K., Hollander D.H., Frost J.K.: "Actinomyces in cervico-vaginal smears: an asssociation with IUD usage". Acta Cytol., 1976, 20, 295.
36. Chatwani A., Amin-Hanjani S.: "Incidence of actinomycosis associated with intrauterine devices". J. Reprod. Med., 1994, 39, 585.