Treatments in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Time for a more targeted approach?

QJM: An International Journal of Medicine

Volumn 105, Issue 10, 2012, Pages 929-934

  Mahendran, Siva ^a   Sethi, Tariq ^a  

^a KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACETYLCYSTEINE; ANTIFIBROTIC AGENT; AZATHIOPRINE; GALECTIN 3; IMATINIB; PIRFENIDONE; PLACEBO; PREDNISOLONE; TD 139; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA1; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ADD ON THERAPY; ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY; CELL REGENERATION; COMBINATION CHEMOTHERAPY; CORTICOSTEROID THERAPY; DISEASE COURSE; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MEGADOSE; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX; FIBROGENESIS; FIBROSING ALVEOLITIS; FORCED VITAL CAPACITY; HUMAN; LUNG ALVEOLUS EPITHELIUM; LUNG DIFFUSION CAPACITY; LUNG FIBROBLAST; LUNG FIBROSIS; MORTALITY; MYOFIBROBLAST; NAUSEA; NONHUMAN; PHOTOSENSITIVITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; REVIEW;

EID: 84867131625     PISSN: 14602725     EISSN: 14602393     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcs076     Document Type: Review

References (36)

1. Osler W. The Principles and Practice of Medicine. New York, D. Appleton and Co., 1892.
2. Liebow AA, Carrington C. The interstitial pneumonias. In: Simon M, Potchen EJ, LeMay M, eds, Frontiers of Pulmonary Radiology. 1st edn. New York, Grune & Stratton, 1969:102-41.
3. Raghu G, Weycker D, Edelsberg J, Bradford WZ, Oster G. Incidence and prevalence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006; 174:810-6.
4. Gribbin J, Hubbard RB, Le Jeune I, Smith CJ, West J, Tata LJ. Incidence and mortality of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and sarcoidosis in the UK. Thorax 2006; 61:980-5.
5. Nicholson AG, Colby TV, du Bois RM, Hansell DM, Wells AU. The prognostic significance of the histologic pattern of interstitial pneumonia in patients presenting with the clinical entity of cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000; 162:2213-7.
6. Mason RJ, Schwarz MI, Hunninghake GW, Musson RA. NHLBI Workshop Summary. Pharmacological therapy for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Past, present, and future. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999; 160:1771-7.
7. American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society International Multidisciplinary Consensus Classification of the Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias. This joint statement of the American Thoracic Society (ATS), and the European Respiratory Society (ERS) was adopted by the ATS board of directors, June 2001 and by the ERS Executive Committee, June 2001. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002; 165:277-304.
8. Turner-Warwick M, Burrows B, Johnson A. Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis: clinical features and their influence on survival. Thorax 1980; 35:171-80.
9. Johnston ID, Prescott RJ, Chalmers JC, Rudd RM. British Thoracic Society study of cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis: current presentation and initial management. Fibrosing Alveolitis Subcommittee of the Research Committee of the British Thoracic Society. Thorax 1997; 52:38-44.
10. Watters LC, Schwarz MI, Cherniack RM, Waldron JA, Dunn TL, Stanford RE, King TE. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Pretreatment bronchoalveolar lavage cellular constituents and their relationships with lung histopathology and clinical response to therapy. Am Rev Respir Dis 1987; 135:696-704.
11. Haslam PL, Turton CW, Lukoszek A, Salsbury AJ, Dewar A, Collins JV, Turner-Warwick M. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cell counts in cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis and their relation to therapy. Thorax 1980; 35:328-39.
12. Pesci A, Ricchiuti E, Ruggiero R, De Micheli A. Bronchoalveolar lavage in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: what does it tell us? Respir Med 2010; 104(Suppl. 1):S70-3.
13. Raghu G, Collard HR, Egan JJ, Martinez FJ, Behr J, Brown KK, et al. An Official ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT statement: idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: evidence-based guidelines for diagnosis and management. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2010; 135:788-824.
14. Strieter RM, Mehrad B. New mechanisms of pulmonary fibrosis. Chest 2009; 136:1364-70.
15. Press release. Commonly Used Three-Drug Regime for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Found Harmful. NIH, October 2011.
16. Cantin AM, Hubbard RC, Crystal RG. Glutathione deficiency in the epithelial lining fluid of the lower respiratory tract in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am Rev Respir Dis 1989; 139:370-2.
17. Montaldo C, Cannas E, Ledda M, Rosetti L, Congiu L, Atzori L. Bronchoalveolar glutathione and nitrite/nitrate in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis 2002; 19:54-8.
18. Meyer A, Buhl R, Magnussen H. The effect of oral N-acetylcysteine on lung glutathione levels in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Eur Respir J 1994; 7:431-6.
19. Behr J, Maier K, Degenkolb B, Krombach F, Vogelmeier C. Antioxidative and clinical effects of high-dose N-acetylcysteine in fibrosing alveolitis. Adjunctive therapy to maintenance immunosuppression. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997; 156:1897-901.
20. Demedts M, Behr J, Buhl R, Costabel U, Dekhuijzen R, Jansen HM, et al. High-dose acetylcysteine in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. N Engl J Med 2005; 353:2229-42.
21. Wells AU. Antioxidant therapy in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: hope is kindled. Eur Respir J 2006; 27:664-6.
22. Iyer SN, Margolin SB, Hyde DM, Giri SN. Lung fibrosis is ameliorated by pirfenidone fed in diet after the second dose in a three-dose bleomycin-hamster model. Exp Lung Res 1998; 24:119-32.
23. Lurton JM, Trejo T, Narayaman AS, Raghu G. Pirfenidone inhibits the stimulatory effects of profibrotic cytokines on human lung fibroblasts in vitro (abstract). Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996; 153:A403.
24. Raghu G, Johnson WC, Lockhart D, Mageto Y. Treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis with a new antifibrotic agent, pirfenidone: results of a prospective, open-label Phase II study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999; 159:1061-9.
25. Azuma A, Nukiwa T, Tsuboi E, Suga M, Abe S, Nakata K, et al. Double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of pirfenidone in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005; 171:1040-7.
26. Lama VN, Flaherty KR, Toews GB, Colby TV, Travis WD, Long Q, et al. Prognostic value of desaturation during a 6-minute walk test in idiopathic interstitial pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003; 168:1084-90.
27. Taniguchi H, Ebina M, Kondoh Y, Ogura T, Azuma A, Suga M, et al. Pirfenidone in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Eur Respir J 2010; 35:821-9.
28. Noble PW, Albera C, Bradford WZ, Costabel U, Glassberg MK, Kardatzke D, et al. Pirfenidone in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (CAPACITY): two randomised trials. Lancet 2011; 377:1760-9.
29. Lasky JA, Brody AR. Interstitial fibrosis and growth factors. Environ Health Perspect 2000; 108(Suppl. 4):751-62.
30. Bienkowski RS, Gotkin MG. Control of collagen deposition in mammalian lung. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1995; 209:118-40.
31. Shull MM, Ormsby I, Kier AB, Pawlowski S, Diebold RJ, Yin M, et al. Targeted disruption of the mouse transforming growth factor-beta 1 gene results in multifocal inflammatory disease. Nature 1992; 359:693-9.
32. Daniels CE, Wilkes MC, Edens M, Kottom TJ, Murphy SJ, Limper AH, et al. Imatinib mesylate inhibits the profibrogenic activity of TGF-beta and prevents bleomycin-mediated lung fibrosis. J Clin Invest 2004; 114:1308-16.
33. Daniels CE, Lasky JA, Limper AH, Mieras K, Gabor E, Schroeder DR. Imatinib treatment for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: randomized placebo-controlled trial results. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2010; 181:604-10.
34. MacKinnon AC, Gibbons MA, Farnworth SL, Leffler H, Nilsson UJ, Delaine T, et al. Regulation of TGF-b1 driven lung fibrosis by Galectin-3. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2012; 185:537-46.
35. Henderson NC, Mackinnon AC, Farnworth SL, Poirier F, Russo FP, Iredale JP, et al. Galectin-3 regulates myofibroblast activation and hepatic fibrosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2006; 103:5060-5.
36. Henderson NC, Mackinnon AC, Farnworth SL, Kipari T, Haslett C, Iredale JP, et al. Galectin-3 expression and secretion links macrophages to the promotion of renal fibrosis. Am J Pathol 2008; 172:288-298.