Fine and ultrafine particles emitted from laser printers as indoor air contaminants in German offices

Environmental Science and Pollution Research

Volumn 19, Issue 9, 2012, Pages 3840-3849

  Tang, Tao ^a   Hurraß, Julia ^a   Gminski, Richard ^a   Mersch Sundermann, Volker ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF FREIBURG   (Germany)

Author keywords

Emissions; Health effects; Laser printers; Office room measurements; Photocopiers; Ultrafine particles

Indexed keywords

AMBIENT AIR; ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION; CONCENTRATION (COMPOSITION); DATA SET; EMISSION INVENTORY; HEALTH IMPACT; INDOOR AIR; OFFICE LOCATION; PARTICLE SIZE; PARTICULATE MATTER; POLLUTION EXPOSURE; PUBLIC HEALTH; WORKPLACE;

AIR POLLUTANT; ARTICLE; ELECTRONICS; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; GERMANY; HUMAN; INDOOR AIR POLLUTION; INSTRUMENTATION; PARTICLE SIZE; PARTICULATE MATTER; PRINTING; STATISTICS; WORKPLACE;

AIR POLLUTANTS; AIR POLLUTION, INDOOR; ELECTRONICS; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; GERMANY; HUMANS; PARTICLE SIZE; PARTICULATE MATTER; PRINTING; WORKPLACE;

GERMANY;

EID: 84867102041     PISSN: 09441344     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-011-0647-5     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Barthel M, Pedan V, Hahn O, Rothhardt M, Bresch H, Jann O et al (2011) XRF-analysis of fine and ultrafine particles emitted from laser printing devices. Environ Sci Technol 45: 7819-7825.
2. BfR (2008) BfR schließt Arbeiten zur Toner-Problematik mit einer gesundheitlichen Bewertung möglicher Risiken durch Druckeremissionen ab. Gesundheitliche Bewertung Nr. 014/2008 vom 31. März 2008. Press release, Berlin.
3. Caesar T, Schmitt T (2009) Entwicklung eines Filters für Laserdrucker, Fax- und Kopiergeräte als wirkungsvoller Schutz vor Fein- und Tonerstaub in Innenräumen. Gefahrst Reinhalt L 69: 110-114.
4. Cheng YH (2008) Comparison of the TSI Model 8520 and Grimm Series 1. 108 portable aerosol instruments used to monitor particulate matter in an iron foundry. J Occup Environ Hyg 5: 157-168.
5. Destaillats H, Maddalena RL, Singer BC, Hodgson AT, McKone TE (2008) Indoor pollutants emitted by office equipment: a review of reported data and information needs. Atmos Environ 42: 1371-1388.
6. ECMA International (2007) Standard ECMA-328. Determination of chemical emission rates from electronic equipment, 3rd edn. ECMA International, Geneva.
7. Ewers U, Nowak D (2006) Health hazards caused by emissions of laser printers and copiers? Gefahrst Reinhalt L 66: 203-210.
8. Fiedler J, Kura J, Moriske HJ, Pietsch A (2009) Freisetzung feiner und ultrafeiner Partikeln aus Laserdruckern unter Realraumbedingungen. Gefahrst Reinhalt L 69: 77-82.
9. Fromme H, Twardella D, Dietrich S, Heitmann D, Schierl R, Liebl B et al (2007) Particulate matter in the indoor air of classrooms: exploratory results from Munich and surrounding area. Atmos Environ 41: 854-866.
10. Gadhia PK, Patel D, Solanki KB, Tamakuwala DN, Pithawala MA (2005) A preliminary cytogenetic and hematological study of photocopying machine operators. Indian J Occup Environ Med 9: 22-25.
11. Glytsos T, Ondráček J, Džumbová L, Kopanakis I, Lazaridis M (2010) Characterization of particulate matter concentrations during controlled indoor activities. Atmos Environ 44: 1539-1549.
12. Gminski R, Mersch-Sundermann V (2006) Gesundheitliche Bewertung der Exposition gegenüber Tonerstäuben und gegenüber Emissionen aus Laserdruckern und Kopiergeräten - Aktueller Erkenntnisstand. Umweltmed Forsch Prax 11: 269-300.
13. Gminski R, Decker K, Heinz C, Seidel A, Könczöl M, Goldenberg E et al (2011) Genotoxic effects of three selected black toner powders and their dimethyl sulfoxide extracts in cultured human epithelial A549 lung cells in vitro. Environ Mol Mutagen 52: 296-309.
14. Goud KI, Shankarapppa K, Vijayashree B, Rao K, Ahuja Y (2001) DNA damage and repair studies in individuals working with photocopying machines. Int J Hum Genet 1: 139-143.
15. Goud KI, Hasan Q, Balakrishna N, Rao KP, Ahuja YR (2004) Genotoxicity evaluation of individuals working with photocopying machines. Mutat Res 563: 151-158.
16. Hänninen O, Brüske-Hohlfeld I, Loh M, Stoeger T, Kreyling W, Schmid et al (2010) Occupational and consumer risk estimates for nanoparticles emitted by laser printers. J Nanopart Res 12: 91-99.
17. He C, Morawska L, Taplin L (2007) Particle emission characteristics of office printers. Environ Sci Technol 41: 6039-6045.
18. He C, Morawska L, Wang H, Jayaratne R, McGarry P, Johnson GR et al (2010) Quantification of the relationship between fuser roller temperature and laser printer emissions. J Aerosol Sci 41: 523-530.
19. Jaakkola MS, Yang LY, Ieromnimon A, Jaakkola JJK (2007) Office work, SBS and respiratory and sick building syndrome symptoms. Occup Environ Med 64: 178-184.
20. Kagi N, Fujii S, Horiba Y, Namiki N, Ohtani Y, Emi H et al (2007) Indoor air quality for chemical and ultrafine particle contaminants from printers. Build Environ 42: 1949-1954.
21. Koivisto AJ, Hussein T, Niemelä R, Tuomi T, Hämeri K (2010) Impact of particle emissions of new laser printers on modeled office room. Atmos Environ 44: 2140-2146.
22. Lee CW, Hsu DJ (2007) Measurements of fine and ultrafine particles formation in photocopy centers in Taiwan. Atmos Environ 41: 6598-6609.
23. 10 emissions from office equipment in an environmental chamber. Build Environ 36: 837-842.
24. Lin GHY, Mermelstein R (1994) Acute toxicity studies of Xerox reprographic toners. Int J Toxicol 13: 2-20.
25. Marconi A (2006) Fine, ultrafine and nano-particles in the living and working setting: potential health effects and measurement of inhalation exposure. G Ital Med Lav Ergon 28: 258-265.
26. McGarry P, Morawska L, He C, Jayaratne R, Falk M, Tran Q et al (2011) Exposure to particles from laser printers operating within office workplaces. Environ Sci Technol 45: 6444-6452.
27. Morawska L, Salthammer T (2003) Indoor environment: airborne particles and settled dust. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim.
28. Morawska L, He C, Johnson G, Jayaratne R, Salthammer T, Wang H et al (2009) An investigation into the characteristics and formation mechanisms of particles originating from the operation of laser printers. Environ Sci Technol 43: 1015-1022.
29. Muñoz X, Roger A, De la Rosa D, Morell F, Cruz MJ (2007) Occupational vocal cord dysfunction due to exposure to wood dust and xerographic toner. Scand J Work Env Hea 33: 153-158.
30. Nakadate T, Yamano Y, Adachi C, Kikuchi Y, Nishiwaki Y, Nohara M et al (2006) A cross sectional study of the respiratory health of workers handling printing toner dust. Occup Environ Med 63: 244-249.
31. Nel A, Xia T, Mädler L, Li N (2006) Toxic potential of materials at the nanolevel. Science 311: 622-627.
32. Nel AE, Mädler L, Velegol D, Xia T, Hoek EM, Somasundaran P et al (2009) Understanding biophysicochemical interactions at the nano-bio interface. Nat Mater 8: 543-557.
33. Peters TM, Ott D, O'Shaughnessy PT (2006) Comparison of the Grimm 1. 108 and 1. 109 portable aerosol spectrometer to the TSI 3321 aerodynamic particle sizer for dry particles. Ann Occup Hyg 50: 843-850.
34. Pettersson T, Fogden A (2005) Spreading of individual toner particles studied using in situ optical microscopy. J Colloid Interface Sci 287: 249-260.
35. Rödelsperger K, Podhorsky S, Brückel B, Dahmann D, Hartfiel GD, Woitowitz HJ (2003) Physical characteristics and definitions of granular insoluble dusts. Eur J Oncol 8: 103-112.
36. Schripp T, Wensing M, Uhde E, Salthammer T, He C, Morawska L (2008) Evaluation of ultrafine particle emissions from laser printers using emission test chambers. Environ Sci Technol 42: 4338-4343.
37. Schripp T, Mulakampilly SJ, Delius W, Uhde E, Wensing M, Salthammer T et al (2009) Comparison of ultrafine particle release from hardcopy devices in emission test chambers and office rooms. Gefahrst Reinhalt L 69: 71-76.
38. Schulz H, Harder V, Ibald-Mulli A, Khandoga A, Koenig W, Krombach F et al (2005) Cardiovascular effects of fine and ultrafine particles. J Aerosol Med 18: 1-22.
39. Stefaniak AB, Breysse PN, Murray MPM, Rooney BC, Schaefer J (2000) An evaluation of employee exposure to volatile organic compounds in three photocopy centers. Environ Res 83: 162-173.
40. Wensing M, Schripp T, Uhde E, Salthammer T (2008) Ultra-fine particles release from hardcopy devices: sources, real-room measurements and efficiency of filter accessories. Sci Total Environ 407: 418-427.
41. Wolkoff P (1999) Photocopiers and indoor air pollution. Atmos Environ 33: 2129-2130.
42. Wolkoff P, Johnsen CR, Franck C, Wilhardt P, Albrechtsen O (1992) A study of human reactions to office machines in a climatic chamber. J Expo Anal Env Epid 1: 71-97.