메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 12, Issue 8, 2012, Pages 1021-1032

Breast cancer intratumor genetic heterogeneity: Causes and implications

Author keywords

breast cancer; clonal evolution; drug resistance; genomic instability; intratumor heterogeneity

Indexed keywords

BCR ABL PROTEIN; BRCA1 PROTEIN; BRCA2 PROTEIN; EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR; IMATINIB; PROTEIN MSH2; STEM CELL FACTOR RECEPTOR; VON HIPPEL LINDAU PROTEIN;

EID: 84867082692     PISSN: 14737140     EISSN: 17448328     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1586/era.12.85     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (65)

References (108)
  • 1
    • 75549083303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumor heterogeneity: Causes and consequences
    • Marusyk A, Polyak K. Tumor heterogeneity: causes and consequences. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1805(1), 105-117 (2010).
    • (2010) Biochim. Biophys. Acta , vol.1805 , Issue.1 , pp. 105-117
    • Marusyk, A.1    Polyak, K.2
  • 2
    • 78049380554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The patterns and dynamics of genomic instability in metastatic pancreatic cancer
    • Campbell PJ, Yachida S, Mudie LJ et al. The patterns and dynamics of genomic instability in metastatic pancreatic cancer. Nature 467(7319), 1109-1113 (2010).
    • (2010) Nature , vol.467 , Issue.7319 , pp. 1109-1113
    • Campbell, P.J.1    Yachida, S.2    Mudie, L.J.3
  • 3
    • 74449085934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A small-cell lung cancer genome with complex signatures of tobacco exposure
    • Pleasance ED, Stephens PJ, O'Meara S et al. A small-cell lung cancer genome with complex signatures of tobacco exposure. Nature 463(7278), 184-190 (2010).
    • (2010) Nature , vol.463 , Issue.7278 , pp. 184-190
    • Pleasance, E.D.1    Stephens, P.J.2    O'meara, S.3
  • 4
    • 72949119310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complex landscapes of somatic rearrangement in human breast cancer genomes
    • Stephens PJ, McBride DJ, Lin ML et al. Complex landscapes of somatic rearrangement in human breast cancer genomes. Nature 462(7276), 1005-1010 (2009).
    • (2009) Nature , vol.462 , Issue.7276 , pp. 1005-1010
    • Stephens, P.J.1    McBride, D.J.2    Lin, M.L.3
  • 5
    • 74449093973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comprehensive catalogue of somatic mutations from a human cancer genome
    • Pleasance ED, Cheetham RK, Stephens PJ et al. A comprehensive catalogue of somatic mutations from a human cancer genome. Nature 463(7278), 191-196 (2010).
    • (2010) Nature , vol.463 , Issue.7278 , pp. 191-196
    • Pleasance, E.D.1    Cheetham, R.K.2    Stephens, P.J.3
  • 6
    • 79953283356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic interactions in cancer progression and treatment
    • Ashworth A, Lord CJ, Reis-Filho JS. Genetic interactions in cancer progression and treatment. Cell 145(1), 30-38 (2011).
    • (2011) Cell , vol.145 , Issue.1 , pp. 30-38
    • Ashworth, A.1    Lord, C.J.2    Reis-Filho, J.S.3
  • 7
    • 77957946398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ARID1A mutations in endometriosisassociated ovarian carcinomas
    • Wiegand KC, Shah SP, Al-Agha OM et al. ARID1A mutations in endometriosisassociated ovarian carcinomas. N. Engl. J. Med. 363(16), 1532-1543 (2010).
    • (2010) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.363 , Issue.16 , pp. 1532-1543
    • Wiegand, K.C.1    Shah, S.P.2    Al-Agha, O.M.3
  • 8
    • 79251635938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exome sequencing identifies frequent mutation of the SWI/SNF complex gene PBRM1 in renal carcinoma
    • Varela I, Tarpey P, Raine K et al. Exome sequencing identifies frequent mutation of the SWI/SNF complex gene PBRM1 in renal carcinoma. Nature 469(7331), 539-542 (2011).
    • (2011) Nature , vol.469 , Issue.7331 , pp. 539-542
    • Varela, I.1    Tarpey, P.2    Raine, K.3
  • 9
    • 84861527388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The genomic and transcriptomic architecture of 2,000 breast tumours reveals novel subgroups
    • Curtis C, Shah SP, Chin S-F et al. The genomic and transcriptomic architecture of 2,000 breast tumours reveals novel subgroups. Nature 486(7403), 346-352 (2012).
    • (2012) Nature , vol.486 , Issue.7403 , pp. 346-352
    • Curtis, C.1    Shah, S.P.2    Chin, S.-F.3
  • 10
    • 81555216077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene expression profiling in breast cancer: Classification, prognostication, and prediction
    • Reis-Filho JS, Pusztai L. Gene expression profiling in breast cancer: classification, prognostication, and prediction. Lancet 378(9805), 1812-1823 (2011).
    • (2011) Lancet , vol.378 , Issue.9805 , pp. 1812-1823
    • Reis-Filho, J.S.1    Pusztai, L.2
  • 12
    • 75649149550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Histological and molecular types of breast cancer: Is there a unifying taxonomy?
    • Weigelt B, Reis-Filho JS. Histological and molecular types of breast cancer: is there a unifying taxonomy?. Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol. 6(12), 718-730 (2009).
    • (2009) Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol. , vol.6 , Issue.12 , pp. 718-730
    • Weigelt, B.1    Reis-Filho, J.S.2
  • 13
    • 67649406102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutation of FOXL2 in granulosa-cell tumors of the ovary
    • Shah SP, Köbel M, Senz J et al. Mutation of FOXL2 in granulosa-cell tumors of the ovary. N. Engl. J. Med. 360(26), 2719-2729 (2009).
    • (2009) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.360 , Issue.26 , pp. 2719-2729
    • Shah, S.P.1    Köbel, M.2    Senz, J.3
  • 14
    • 73249115584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recurrent fusion of MYB and NFIB transcription factor genes in carcinomas of the breast and head and neck
    • Persson M, Andrèn Y, Mark J, Horlings HM, Persson F, Stenman G. Recurrent fusion of MYB and NFIB transcription factor genes in carcinomas of the breast and head and neck. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 106(44), 18740-18744 (2009).
    • (2009) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.106 , Issue.44 , pp. 18740-18744
    • Persson, M.1    Andrèn, Y.2    Mark, J.3    Horlings, H.M.4    Persson, F.5    Stenman, G.6
  • 15
    • 82755177882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adenoid cystic carcinomas constitute a genomically distinct subgroupof triple-negative and basal-like breast cancers
    • Wetterskog D, Lopez-Garcia MA, Lambros MB et al. Adenoid cystic carcinomas constitute a genomically distinct subgroupof triple-negative and basal-like breast cancers. J. Pathol. 226(1), 84-96 (2012).
    • (2012) J. Pathol. , vol.226 , Issue.1 , pp. 84-96
    • Wetterskog, D.1    Lopez-Garcia, M.A.2    Lambros, M.B.3
  • 16
    • 84859113048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic heterogeneity and cancer drug resistance
    • Turner NC, Reis-Filho JS. Genetic heterogeneity and cancer drug resistance. Lancet Oncol. 13(4), e178-e185 (2012).
    • (2012) Lancet Oncol. , vol.13 , Issue.4
    • Turner, N.C.1    Reis-Filho, J.S.2
  • 17
    • 84863470138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intratumoral heterogeneity of HER2 gene amplification in breast cancer: Its clinicopathological significance
    • Seol H, Lee HJ, Choi Y et al. Intratumoral heterogeneity of HER2 gene amplification in breast cancer: its clinicopathological significance. Mod. Pathol. 25(7), 938-948 (2012).
    • (2012) Mod. Pathol. , vol.25 , Issue.7 , pp. 938-948
    • Seol, H.1    Lee, H.J.2    Choi, Y.3
  • 18
    • 0035990831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of HER-2 status between primary breast cancer and corresponding distant metastatic sites
    • Gancberg D, Di Leo A, Cardoso F et al. Comparison of HER-2 status between primary breast cancer and corresponding distant metastatic sites. Ann. Oncol. 13(7), 1036-1043 (2002).
    • (2002) Ann. Oncol. , vol.13 , Issue.7 , pp. 1036-1043
    • Gancberg, D.1    Di Leo, A.2    Cardoso, F.3
  • 19
    • 0035421454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of her-2/neu amplification and overexpression in primary and metastatic breast cancer
    • Simon R, Nocito A, Hübscher T et al. Patterns of her-2/neu amplification and overexpression in primary and metastatic breast cancer. J. Natl Cancer Inst. 93(15), 1141-1146 (2001).
    • (2001) J. Natl Cancer Inst. , vol.93 , Issue.15 , pp. 1141-1146
    • Simon, R.1    Nocito, A.2    Hübscher, T.3
  • 21
    • 0034056394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Allelotype analysis of flow-sorted breast cancer cells demonstrates genetically related diploid and aneuploid subpopulations in primary tumors and lymph node metastases
    • Bonsing BA, Corver WE, Fleuren GJ, Cleton-Jansen AM, Devilee P, Cornelisse CJ. Allelotype analysis of flow-sorted breast cancer cells demonstrates genetically related diploid and aneuploid subpopulations in primary tumors and lymph node metastases. Genes. Chromosomes Cancer 28(2), 173-183 (2000).
    • (2000) Genes. Chromosomes Cancer , vol.28 , Issue.2 , pp. 173-183
    • Bonsing, B.A.1    Corver, W.E.2    Fleuren, G.J.3    Cleton-Jansen, A.M.4    Devilee, P.5    Cornelisse, C.J.6
  • 22
    • 0342887306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic heterogeneity and clonal evolution underlying development of asynchronous metastasis in human breast cancer
    • Kuukasjärvi T, Karhu R, Tanner M et al. Genetic heterogeneity and clonal evolution underlying development of asynchronous metastasis in human breast cancer. Cancer Res. 57(8), 1597-1604 (1997).
    • (1997) Cancer Res. , vol.57 , Issue.8 , pp. 1597-1604
    • Kuukasjärvi, T.1    Karhu, R.2    Tanner, M.3
  • 23
    • 0031979315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytogenetic comparison of primary tumors and lymph node metastases in breast cancer patients
    • Pandis N, Teixeira MR, Adeyinka A et al. Cytogenetic comparison of primary tumors and lymph node metastases in breast cancer patients. Genes. Chromosomes Cancer 22(2), 122-129 (1998).
    • (1998) Genes. Chromosomes Cancer , vol.22 , Issue.2 , pp. 122-129
    • Pandis, N.1    Teixeira, M.R.2    Adeyinka, A.3
  • 24
    • 84863393080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intratumor heterogeneity and branched evolution revealed by multiregion sequencing
    • Gerlinger M, Rowan AJ, Horswell S et al. Intratumor heterogeneity and branched evolution revealed by multiregion sequencing. N. Engl. J. Med. 366(10), 883-892 (2012).
    • (2012) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.366 , Issue.10 , pp. 883-892
    • Gerlinger, M.1    Rowan, A.J.2    Horswell, S.3
  • 25
    • 78751644099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic variegation of clonal architecture and propagating cells in leukaemia
    • Anderson K, Lutz C, van Delft FW et al. Genetic variegation of clonal architecture and propagating cells in leukaemia. Nature 469(7330), 356-361 (2011).
    • (2011) Nature , vol.469 , Issue.7330 , pp. 356-361
    • Anderson, K.1    Lutz, C.2    Van Delft, F.W.3
  • 26
    • 51349126920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subclonal phylogenetic structures in cancer revealed by ultra-deep sequencing
    • Campbell PJ, Pleasance ED, Stephens PJ et al. Subclonal phylogenetic structures in cancer revealed by ultra-deep sequencing. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA. 105(35), 13081-13086 (2008).
    • (2008) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA. , vol.105 , Issue.35 , pp. 13081-13086
    • Campbell, P.J.1    Pleasance, E.D.2    Stephens, P.J.3
  • 27
    • 42649100970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection, clinical relevance and specific biological properties of disseminating tumour cells
    • Pantel K, Brakenhoff RH, Brandt B. Detection, clinical relevance and specific biological properties of disseminating tumour cells. Nat. Rev. Cancer 8(5), 329-340 (2008).
    • (2008) Nat. Rev. Cancer , vol.8 , Issue.5 , pp. 329-340
    • Pantel, K.1    Brakenhoff, R.H.2    Brandt, B.3
  • 28
    • 0038271868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From latent disseminated cells to overt metastasis: Genetic analysis of systemic breast cancer progression
    • Schmidt-Kittler O, Ragg T, Daskalakis A et al. From latent disseminated cells to overt metastasis: genetic analysis of systemic breast cancer progression. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA. 100(13), 7737-7742 (2003).
    • (2003) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA. , vol.100 , Issue.13 , pp. 7737-7742
    • Schmidt-Kittler, O.1    Ragg, T.2    Daskalakis, A.3
  • 29
    • 2542474181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genomic profiling of viable and proliferative micrometastatic cells from early-stage breast cancer patients
    • Gangnus R, Langer S, Breit E, Pantel K, Speicher MR. Genomic profiling of viable and proliferative micrometastatic cells from early-stage breast cancer patients. Clin. Cancer Res. 10(10), 3457-3464 (2004).
    • (2004) Clin. Cancer Res. , vol.10 , Issue.10 , pp. 3457-3464
    • Gangnus, R.1    Langer, S.2    Breit, E.3    Pantel, K.4    Speicher, M.R.5
  • 30
    • 33749497739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asynchronous growth of prostate cancer is reflected by circulating tumor cells delivered from distinct, even small foci, harboring loss of heterozygosity of the PTEN gene
    • Schmidt H, DeAngelis G, Eltze E, Gockel I, Semjonow A, Brandt B. Asynchronous growth of prostate cancer is reflected by circulating tumor cells delivered from distinct, even small foci, harboring loss of heterozygosity of the PTEN gene. Cancer Res. 66(18), 8959-8965 (2006).
    • (2006) Cancer Res. , vol.66 , Issue.18 , pp. 8959-8965
    • Schmidt, H.1    Deangelis, G.2    Eltze, E.3    Gockel, I.4    Semjonow, A.5    Brandt, B.6
  • 31
    • 37349079197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systemic spread is an early step in breast cancer
    • Hüsemann Y, Geigl JB, Schubert F et al. Systemic spread is an early step in breast cancer. Cancer Cell 13(1), 58-68 (2008).
    • (2008) Cancer Cell , vol.13 , Issue.1 , pp. 58-68
    • Hüsemann, Y.1    Geigl, J.B.2    Schubert, F.3
  • 32
    • 79958065859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical implications of cancer self-seeding
    • Comen E, Norton L, Massaguè J. Clinical implications of cancer self-seeding. Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol. 8(6), 369-377 (2011).
    • (2011) Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol. , vol.8 , Issue.6 , pp. 369-377
    • Comen, E.1    Norton, L.2    Massaguè, J.3
  • 33
    • 72249093615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumor self-seeding by circulating cancer cells
    • Kim MY, Oskarsson T, Acharyya S et al. Tumor self-seeding by circulating cancer cells. Cell 139(7), 1315-1326 (2009).
    • (2009) Cell , vol.139 , Issue.7 , pp. 1315-1326
    • Kim, M.Y.1    Oskarsson, T.2    Acharyya, S.3
  • 35
    • 84859637667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genomic and mutational profiling of ductal carcinomas in situ and matched adjacent invasive breast cancers reveals intra-tumour genetic heterogeneity and clonal selection
    • Hernandez L, Wilkerson PM, Lambros MB et al. Genomic and mutational profiling of ductal carcinomas in situ and matched adjacent invasive breast cancers reveals intra-tumour genetic heterogeneity and clonal selection. J. Pathol. 227(1), 42-52 (2012).
    • (2012) J. Pathol. , vol.227 , Issue.1 , pp. 42-52
    • Hernandez, L.1    Wilkerson, P.M.2    Lambros, M.B.3
  • 36
    • 0029914919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic divergence in the clonal evolution of breast cancer
    • Fujii H, Marsh C, Cairns P, Sidransky D, Gabrielson E. Genetic divergence in the clonal evolution of breast cancer. Cancer Res. 56(7), 1493-1497 (1996).
    • (1996) Cancer Res. , vol.56 , Issue.7 , pp. 1493-1497
    • Fujii, H.1    Marsh, C.2    Cairns, P.3    Sidransky, D.4    Gabrielson, E.5
  • 37
    • 33646253192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combined cDNA array comparative genomic hybridization and serial analysis of gene expression analysis of breast tumor progression
    • Yao J, Weremowicz S, Feng B et al. Combined cDNA array comparative genomic hybridization and serial analysis of gene expression analysis of breast tumor progression. Cancer Res. 66(8), 4065-4078 (2006).
    • (2006) Cancer Res. , vol.66 , Issue.8 , pp. 4065-4078
    • Yao, J.1    Weremowicz, S.2    Feng, B.3
  • 38
    • 42249095217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrated genomic and transcriptomic analysis of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast
    • Breast Cancer Study Group of the Institut Curie.
    • Vincent-Salomon A, Lucchesi C, Gruel N et al.; Breast Cancer Study Group of the Institut Curie. Integrated genomic and transcriptomic analysis of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. Clin. Cancer Res. 14(7), 1956-1965 (2008).
    • (2008) Clin. Cancer Res. , vol.14 , Issue.7 , pp. 1956-1965
    • Vincent-Salomon, A.1    Lucchesi, C.2    Gruel, N.3
  • 39
    • 70349969478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutational evolution in a lobular breast tumour profiled at single nucleotide resolution
    • Shah SP, Morin RD, Khattra J et al. Mutational evolution in a lobular breast tumour profiled at single nucleotide resolution. Nature 461(7265), 809-813 (2009).
    • (2009) Nature , vol.461 , Issue.7265 , pp. 809-813
    • Shah, S.P.1    Morin, R.D.2    Khattra, J.3
  • 40
    • 84862526929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The clonal and mutational evolution spectrum of primary triple-negative breast cancers
    • Shah SP, Roth A, Goya R et al. The clonal and mutational evolution spectrum of primary triple-negative breast cancers. Nature 486(7403), 395-399 (2012).
    • (2012) Nature , vol.486 , Issue.7403 , pp. 395-399
    • Shah, S.P.1    Roth, A.2    Goya, R.3
  • 41
    • 77951139631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genome remodelling in a basal-like breast cancer metastasis and xenograft
    • Ding L, Ellis MJ, Li S et al. Genome remodelling in a basal-like breast cancer metastasis and xenograft. Nature 464(7291), 999-1005 (2010).
    • (2010) Nature , vol.464 , Issue.7291 , pp. 999-1005
    • Ding, L.1    Ellis, M.J.2    Li, S.3
  • 42
    • 78751661556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of human BCR-ABL1 lymphoblastic leukaemia-initiating cells
    • Notta F, Mullighan CG, Wang JC et al. Evolution of human BCR-ABL1 lymphoblastic leukaemia-initiating cells. Nature 469(7330), 362-367 (2011).
    • (2011) Nature , vol.469 , Issue.7330 , pp. 362-367
    • Notta, F.1    Mullighan, C.G.2    Wang, J.C.3
  • 43
    • 57149118627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genomic analysis of the clonal origins of relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia
    • Mullighan CG, Phillips LA, Su X et al. Genomic analysis of the clonal origins of relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Science 322(5906), 1377-1380 (2008).
    • (2008) Science , vol.322 , Issue.5906 , pp. 1377-1380
    • Mullighan, C.G.1    Phillips, L.A.2    Su, X.3
  • 44
    • 79953766940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumour evolution inferred by single-cell sequencing
    • Navin N, Kendall J, Troge J et al. Tumour evolution inferred by single-cell sequencing. Nature 472(7341), 90-94 (2011).
    • (2011) Nature , vol.472 , Issue.7341 , pp. 90-94
    • Navin, N.1    Kendall, J.2    Troge, J.3
  • 45
    • 84863229772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Single-cell exome sequencing and monoclonal evolution of a JAK2-negative myeloproliferative neoplasm
    • Hou Y, Song L, Zhu P et al. Single-cell exome sequencing and monoclonal evolution of a JAK2-negative myeloproliferative neoplasm. Cell 148(5), 873-885 (2012).
    • (2012) Cell , vol.148 , Issue.5 , pp. 873-885
    • Hou, Y.1    Song, L.2    Zhu, P.3
  • 46
    • 84863230091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Single-cell exome sequencing reveals singlenucleotide mutation characteristics of a kidney tumor
    • Xu X, Hou Y, Yin X et al. Single-cell exome sequencing reveals singlenucleotide mutation characteristics of a kidney tumor. Cell 148(5), 886-895 (2012).
    • (2012) Cell , vol.148 , Issue.5 , pp. 886-895
    • Xu, X.1    Hou, Y.2    Yin, X.3
  • 47
    • 78049398107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distant metastasis occurs late during the genetic evolution of pancreatic cancer
    • Yachida S, Jones S, Bozic I et al. Distant metastasis occurs late during the genetic evolution of pancreatic cancer. Nature 467(7319), 1114-1117 (2010).
    • (2010) Nature , vol.467 , Issue.7319 , pp. 1114-1117
    • Yachida, S.1    Jones, S.2    Bozic, I.3
  • 48
    • 84861541343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutational processes molding the genomes of 21 breast cancers
    • the Breast Cancer Working Groupof the International Cancer Genome Consortium.
    • Nik-Zainal S, Alexandrov LB, Wedge DC et al.; the Breast Cancer Working Groupof the International Cancer Genome Consortium. Mutational processes molding the genomes of 21 breast cancers. Cell 149(5), 979-993 (2012).
    • (2012) Cell , vol.149 , Issue.5 , pp. 979-993
    • Nik-Zainal, S.1    Alexandrov, L.B.2    Wedge, D.C.3
  • 49
    • 84861550476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The life history of 21 breast cancers
    • Breast Cancer Working Group of the International Cancer Genome Consortium.
    • Nik-Zainal S, Van Loo P, Wedge DC et al.; Breast Cancer Working Group of the International Cancer Genome Consortium. The life history of 21 breast cancers. Cell 149(5), 994-1007 (2012).
    • (2012) Cell , vol.149 , Issue.5 , pp. 994-1007
    • Nik-Zainal, S.1    Van Loo, P.2    Wedge, D.C.3
  • 50
    • 84862776906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clonal evolution in relapsed acute myeloid leukaemia revealed by whole-genome sequencing
    • Ding L, Ley TJ, Larson DE et al. Clonal evolution in relapsed acute myeloid leukaemia revealed by whole-genome sequencing. Nature 481(7382), 506-510 (2012).
    • (2012) Nature , vol.481 , Issue.7382 , pp. 506-510
    • Ding, L.1    Ley, T.J.2    Larson, D.E.3
  • 51
    • 77949809850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular analysis reveals a genetic basis for the phenotypic diversity of metaplastic breast carcinomas
    • Geyer FC, Weigelt B, Natrajan R et al. Molecular analysis reveals a genetic basis for the phenotypic diversity of metaplastic breast carcinomas. J. Pathol. 220(5), 562-573 (2010).
    • (2010) J. Pathol. , vol.220 , Issue.5 , pp. 562-573
    • Geyer, F.C.1    Weigelt, B.2    Natrajan, R.3
  • 52
    • 80051888840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct evidence for concurrent morphological and genetic heterogeneity in an invasive ductal carcinoma of triple-negative phenotype
    • Patani N, Barbashina V, Lambros MB et al. Direct evidence for concurrent morphological and genetic heterogeneity in an invasive ductal carcinoma of triple-negative phenotype. J. Clin. Pathol. 64(9), 822-828 (2011).
    • (2011) J. Clin. Pathol. , vol.64 , Issue.9 , pp. 822-828
    • Patani, N.1    Barbashina, V.2    Lambros, M.B.3
  • 53
    • 84860214990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intra-tumour heterogeneity: A looking glass for cancer?
    • Marusyk A, Almendro V, Polyak K. Intra-tumour heterogeneity: a looking glass for cancer?. Nat. Rev. Cancer 12(5), 323-334 (2012).
    • (2012) Nat. Rev. Cancer , vol.12 , Issue.5 , pp. 323-334
    • Marusyk, A.1    Almendro, V.2    Polyak, K.3
  • 54
    • 79952284127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hallmarks of cancer: The next generation
    • Hanahan D, Weinberg RA. Hallmarks of cancer: the next generation. Cell 144(5), 646-674 (2011).
    • (2011) Cell , vol.144 , Issue.5 , pp. 646-674
    • Hanahan, D.1    Weinberg, R.A.2
  • 55
    • 67649183495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutator mutations enhance tumorigenic efficiency across fitness landscapes
    • Beckman RA. Mutator mutations enhance tumorigenic efficiency across fitness landscapes. PLoS ONE 4(6), e5860 (2009).
    • (2009) PLoS ONE , vol.4 , Issue.6
    • Beckman, R.A.1
  • 56
    • 41949139438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative lesion sequencing provides insights into tumor evolution
    • Jones S, Chen WD, Parmigiani G et al. Comparative lesion sequencing provides insights into tumor evolution. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 105(11), 4283-4288 (2008).
    • (2008) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.105 , Issue.11 , pp. 4283-4288
    • Jones, S.1    Chen, W.D.2    Parmigiani, G.3
  • 57
    • 84863393606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Whole genome sequencing of matched primary and metastatic acral melanomas
    • Turajlic S, Furney SJ, Lambros MB et al. Whole genome sequencing of matched primary and metastatic acral melanomas. Genome Res. 22(2), 196-207 (2012).
    • (2012) Genome Res. , vol.22 , Issue.2 , pp. 196-207
    • Turajlic, S.1    Furney, S.J.2    Lambros, M.B.3
  • 58
    • 79957501125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human cancers express mutator phenotypes: Origin, consequences and targeting
    • Loeb LA. Human cancers express mutator phenotypes: origin, consequences and targeting. Nat. Rev. Cancer 11(6), 450-457 (2011).
    • (2011) Nat. Rev. Cancer , vol.11 , Issue.6 , pp. 450-457
    • Loeb, L.A.1
  • 59
    • 0141534462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roles of BRCA1 and BRCA2 in homologous recombination, DNA replication fidelity and the cellular response to ionizing radiation
    • Powell SN, Kachnic LA. Roles of BRCA1 and BRCA2 in homologous recombination, DNA replication fidelity and the cellular response to ionizing radiation. Oncogene 22(37), 5784-5791 (2003).
    • (2003) Oncogene , vol.22 , Issue.37 , pp. 5784-5791
    • Powell, S.N.1    Kachnic, L.A.2
  • 60
    • 84859628102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A whole-genome massively parallel sequencing analysis of BRCA1 mutant oestrogen receptor-negative and-positive breast cancers
    • Natrajan R, Mackay A, Lambros MB et al. A whole-genome massively parallel sequencing analysis of BRCA1 mutant oestrogen receptor-negative and-positive breast cancers. J. Pathol. 227(1), 29-41 (2012).
    • (2012) J. Pathol. , vol.227 , Issue.1 , pp. 29-41
    • Natrajan, R.1    MacKay, A.2    Lambros, M.B.3
  • 61
    • 84863725818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tandem duplication of chromosomal segments is common in ovarian and breast cancer genomes
    • doi:10.1002/path.4042 (Epub ahead of print).
    • McBride DJ, Etemadmoghadam D, Cooke SL et al. Tandem duplication of chromosomal segments is common in ovarian and breast cancer genomes. J. Pathol. doi:10.1002/path.4042 (2012) (Epub ahead of print).
    • (2012) J. Pathol.
    • McBride, D.J.1    Etemadmoghadam, D.2    Cooke, S.L.3
  • 62
    • 0028301255 scopus 로고
    • Defective mismatch repair in extracts of colorectal and endometrial cancer cell lines exhibiting microsatellite instability
    • Umar A, Boyer JC, Thomas DC et al. Defective mismatch repair in extracts of colorectal and endometrial cancer cell lines exhibiting microsatellite instability. J. Biol. Chem. 269(20), 14367-14370 (1994).
    • (1994) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.269 , Issue.20 , pp. 14367-14370
    • Umar, A.1    Boyer, J.C.2    Thomas, D.C.3
  • 63
    • 80051874823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutational inactivation of STAG2 causes aneuploidy in human cancer
    • Solomon DA, Kim T, Diaz-Martinez LA et al. Mutational inactivation of STAG2 causes aneuploidy in human cancer. Science 333(6045), 1039-1043 (2011).
    • (2011) Science , vol.333 , Issue.6045 , pp. 1039-1043
    • Solomon, D.A.1    Kim, T.2    Diaz-Martinez, L.A.3
  • 64
    • 0000839280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Telomere dysfunction provokes regional amplification and deletion in cancer genomes
    • O'Hagan RC, Chang S, Maser RS et al. Telomere dysfunction provokes regional amplification and deletion in cancer genomes. Cancer Cell 2(2), 149-155 (2002).
    • (2002) Cancer Cell , vol.2 , Issue.2 , pp. 149-155
    • O'hagan, R.C.1    Chang, S.2    Maser, R.S.3
  • 65
    • 78650959663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Massive genomic rearrangement acquired in a single catastrophic event during cancer development
    • Stephens PJ, Greenman CD, Fu B et al. Massive genomic rearrangement acquired in a single catastrophic event during cancer development. Cell 144(1), 27-40 (2011).
    • (2011) Cell , vol.144 , Issue.1 , pp. 27-40
    • Stephens, P.J.1    Greenman, C.D.2    Fu, B.3
  • 66
    • 17444417521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cancer epigenetics
    • Spec No 1
    • Laird PW. Cancer epigenetics. Hum. Mol. Genet. 14 Spec No 1, R65-R76 (2005).
    • (2005) Hum. Mol. Genet , vol.14
    • Laird, P.W.1
  • 67
    • 0037380886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methylation of p16(INK4a) promoters occurs in vivo in histologically normal human mammary epithelia
    • Holst CR, Nuovo GJ, Esteller M et al. Methylation of p16(INK4a) promoters occurs in vivo in histologically normal human mammary epithelia. Cancer Res. 63(7), 1596-1601 (2003).
    • (2003) Cancer Res. , vol.63 , Issue.7 , pp. 1596-1601
    • Holst, C.R.1    Nuovo, G.J.2    Esteller, M.3
  • 68
    • 33745541234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CpG island methylator phenotype underlies sporadic microsatellite instability and is tightly associated with BRAF mutation in colorectal cancer
    • Weisenberger DJ, Siegmund KD, Campan M et al. CpG island methylator phenotype underlies sporadic microsatellite instability and is tightly associated with BRAF mutation in colorectal cancer. Nat. Genet. 38(7), 787-793 (2006).
    • (2006) Nat. Genet. , vol.38 , Issue.7 , pp. 787-793
    • Weisenberger, D.J.1    Siegmund, K.D.2    Campan, M.3
  • 69
    • 79952384705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cancer epigenetics reaches mainstream oncology
    • Rodríguez-Paredes M, Esteller M. Cancer epigenetics reaches mainstream oncology. Nat. Med. 17(3), 330-339 (2011).
    • (2011) Nat. Med. , vol.17 , Issue.3 , pp. 330-339
    • Rodríguez-Paredes, M.1    Esteller, M.2
  • 71
    • 4644268352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypermethylation in histologically distinct classes of breast cancer
    • Bae YK, Brown A, Garrett E et al. Hypermethylation in histologically distinct classes of breast cancer. Clin. Cancer Res. 10(18 Pt 1), 5998-6005 (2004).
    • (2004) Clin. Cancer Res. , vol.10 , Issue.18 PART 1 , pp. 5998-6005
    • Bae, Y.K.1    Brown, A.2    Garrett, E.3
  • 72
    • 66649097032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNMT3B expression might contribute to CpG island methylator phenotype in colorectal cancer
    • Nosho K, Shima K, Irahara N et al. DNMT3B expression might contribute to CpG island methylator phenotype in colorectal cancer. Clin. Cancer Res. 15(11), 3663-3671 (2009).
    • (2009) Clin. Cancer Res. , vol.15 , Issue.11 , pp. 3663-3671
    • Nosho, K.1    Shima, K.2    Irahara, N.3
  • 73
    • 39649104991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNMT3b overexpression contributes to a hypermethylator phenotype in human breast cancer cell lines
    • Roll JD, Rivenbark AG, Jones WD, Coleman WB. DNMT3b overexpression contributes to a hypermethylator phenotype in human breast cancer cell lines. Mol. Cancer 7, 15 (2008).
    • (2008) Mol. Cancer , vol.7 , pp. 15
    • Roll, J.D.1    Rivenbark, A.G.2    Jones, W.D.3    Coleman, W.B.4
  • 74
    • 0034104047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations truncating the EP300 acetylase in human cancers
    • Gayther SA, Batley SJ, Linger L et al. Mutations truncating the EP300 acetylase in human cancers. Nat. Genet. 24(3), 300-303 (2000).
    • (2000) Nat. Genet. , vol.24 , Issue.3 , pp. 300-303
    • Gayther, S.A.1    Batley, S.J.2    Linger, L.3
  • 75
    • 0034326257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BRG1, a component of the SWI-SNF complex, is mutated in multiple human tumor cell lines
    • Wong AK, Shanahan F, Chen Y et al. BRG1, a component of the SWI-SNF complex, is mutated in multiple human tumor cell lines. Cancer Res. 60(21), 6171-6177 (2000).
    • (2000) Cancer Res. , vol.60 , Issue.21 , pp. 6171-6177
    • Wong, A.K.1    Shanahan, F.2    Chen, Y.3
  • 76
    • 33750313208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cancer stem cells-perspectives on current status and future directions: AACR Workshop on cancer stem cells
    • Clarke MF, Dick JE, Dirks PB et al. Cancer stem cells-perspectives on current status and future directions: AACR Workshop on cancer stem cells. Cancer Res. 66(19), 9339-9344 (2006).
    • (2006) Cancer Res. , vol.66 , Issue.19 , pp. 9339-9344
    • Clarke, M.F.1    Dick, J.E.2    Dirks, P.B.3
  • 77
    • 0028091194 scopus 로고
    • A cell initiating human acute myeloid leukaemia after transplantation into SCID mice
    • Lapidot T, Sirard C, Vormoor J et al. A cell initiating human acute myeloid leukaemia after transplantation into SCID mice. Nature 367(6464), 645-648 (1994).
    • (1994) Nature , vol.367 , Issue.6464 , pp. 645-648
    • Lapidot, T.1    Sirard, C.2    Vormoor, J.3
  • 79
    • 33847419142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular definition of breast tumor heterogeneity
    • Shipitsin M, Campbell LL, Argani P et al. Molecular definition of breast tumor heterogeneity. Cancer Cell 11(3), 259-273 (2007).
    • (2007) Cancer Cell , vol.11 , Issue.3 , pp. 259-273
    • Shipitsin, M.1    Campbell, L.L.2    Argani, P.3
  • 80
    • 35848955428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ALDH1 is a marker of normal and malignant human mammary stem cells and a predictor of poor clinical outcome
    • Ginestier C, Hur MH, Charafe-Jauffret E et al. ALDH1 is a marker of normal and malignant human mammary stem cells and a predictor of poor clinical outcome. Cell Stem Cell 1(5), 555-567 (2007).
    • (2007) Cell Stem Cell , vol.1 , Issue.5 , pp. 555-567
    • Ginestier, C.1    Hur, M.H.2    Charafe-Jauffret, E.3
  • 82
    • 79956351015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Normal and neoplastic nonstem cells canspontaneously convert to a stem-like state
    • Chaffer CL, Brueckmann I, Scheel C et al. Normal and neoplastic nonstem cells canspontaneously convert to a stem-like state. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA. 108(19), 7950-7955 (2011).
    • (2011) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA. , vol.108 , Issue.19 , pp. 7950-7955
    • Chaffer, C.L.1    Brueckmann, I.2    Scheel, C.3
  • 83
    • 76649128993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular and genetic diversity in the progression of in situ human breast carcinomas to an invasive phenotype
    • Park SY, Gönen M, Kim HJ, Michor F, Polyak K. Cellular and genetic diversity in the progression of in situ human breast carcinomas to an invasive phenotype. J. Clin. Invest. 120(2), 636-644 (2010).
    • (2010) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.120 , Issue.2 , pp. 636-644
    • Park, S.Y.1    Gönen, M.2    Kim, H.J.3    Michor, F.4    Polyak, K.5
  • 84
    • 84855332744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Breast-cancer stem cells-beyond semantics
    • Badve S, Nakshatri H. Breast-cancer stem cells-beyond semantics. Lancet Oncol. 13(1), e43-e48 (2012).
    • (2012) Lancet Oncol. , vol.13 , Issue.1
    • Badve, S.1    Nakshatri, H.2
  • 85
    • 0001686739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple BCR-ABL kinase domain mutations confer polyclonal resistance to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib (STI571) in chronic phase and blast crisis chronic myeloid leukemia
    • Shah NP, Nicoll JM, Nagar B et al. Multiple BCR-ABL kinase domain mutations confer polyclonal resistance to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib (STI571) in chronic phase and blast crisis chronic myeloid leukemia. Cancer Cell 2(2), 117-125 (2002).
    • (2002) Cancer Cell , vol.2 , Issue.2 , pp. 117-125
    • Shah, N.P.1    Nicoll, J.M.2    Nagar, B.3
  • 86
    • 79953118839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genotypic and histological evolution of lung cancers acquiring resistance to EGFR inhibitors
    • Sequist LV, Waltman BA, Dias-Santagata D et al. Genotypic and histological evolution of lung cancers acquiring resistance to EGFR inhibitors. Sci. Transl. Med. 3(75), 75ra26 (2011).
    • (2011) Sci. Transl. Med. , vol.3 , Issue.75
    • Sequist, L.V.1    Waltman, B.A.2    Dias-Santagata, D.3
  • 87
    • 73649102105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preexistence and clonal selection of MET amplification in EGFR mutant NSCLC
    • Turke AB, Zejnullahu K, Wu YL et al. Preexistence and clonal selection of MET amplification in EGFR mutant NSCLC. Cancer Cell 17(1), 77-88 (2010).
    • (2010) Cancer Cell , vol.17 , Issue.1 , pp. 77-88
    • Turke, A.B.1    Zejnullahu, K.2    Wu, Y.L.3
  • 88
    • 78751569531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intra-tumour genetic heterogeneity and poor chemoradiotherapy response in cervical cancer
    • Cooke SL, Temple J, Macarthur S et al. Intra-tumour genetic heterogeneity and poor chemoradiotherapy response in cervical cancer. Br. J. Cancer 104(2), 361-368 (2011).
    • (2011) Br. J. Cancer , vol.104 , Issue.2 , pp. 361-368
    • Cooke, S.L.1    Temple, J.2    MacArthur, S.3
  • 89
    • 33645396945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic clonal diversity predicts progression to esophageal adenocarcinoma
    • Maley CC, Galipeau PC, Finley JC et al. Genetic clonal diversity predicts progression to esophageal adenocarcinoma. Nat. Genet. 38(4), 468-473 (2006).
    • (2006) Nat. Genet. , vol.38 , Issue.4 , pp. 468-473
    • Maley, C.C.1    Galipeau, P.C.2    Finley, J.C.3
  • 90
    • 33845444046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Five-year follow-up of patients receiving imatinib for chronic myeloid leukemia
    • IRIS Investigators.
    • Druker BJ, Guilhot F, O'Brien SG et al.; IRIS Investigators. Five-year follow-up of patients receiving imatinib for chronic myeloid leukemia. N. Engl. J. Med. 355(23), 2408-2417 (2006).
    • (2006) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.355 , Issue.23 , pp. 2408-2417
    • Druker, B.J.1    Guilhot, F.2    O'brien, S.G.3
  • 91
    • 0035800507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical resistance to STI-571 cancer therapy caused by BCR-ABL gene mutation or amplification
    • Gorre ME, Mohammed M, Ellwood K et al. Clinical resistance to STI-571 cancer therapy caused by BCR-ABL gene mutation or amplification. Science 293(5531), 876-880 (2001).
    • (2001) Science , vol.293 , Issue.5531 , pp. 876-880
    • Gorre, M.E.1    Mohammed, M.2    Ellwood, K.3
  • 92
    • 0036682481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Several types of mutations of the Abl gene can be found in chronic myeloid leukemia patients resistant to STI571, and they can pre-exist to the onset of treatment
    • Roche-Lestienne C, Soenen-Cornu V, Grardel-Duflos N et al. Several types of mutations of the Abl gene can be found in chronic myeloid leukemia patients resistant to STI571, and they can pre-exist to the onset of treatment. Blood 100(3), 1014-1018 (2002).
    • (2002) Blood , vol.100 , Issue.3 , pp. 1014-1018
    • Roche-Lestienne, C.1    Soenen-Cornu, V.2    Grardel-Duflos, N.3
  • 93
    • 24744443720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-sensitivity detection of BCR-ABL kinase domain mutations in imatinib-naive patients: Correlation with clonal cytogenetic evolution but not response to therapy
    • Willis SG, Lange T, Demehri S et al. High-sensitivity detection of BCR-ABL kinase domain mutations in imatinib-naive patients: correlation with clonal cytogenetic evolution but not response to therapy. Blood 106(6), 2128-2137 (2005).
    • (2005) Blood , vol.106 , Issue.6 , pp. 2128-2137
    • Willis, S.G.1    Lange, T.2    Demehri, S.3
  • 94
    • 56749098278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary and secondary kinase genotypes correlate with the biological and clinical activity of sunitinib in imatinib-resistant gastrointestinal stromal tumor
    • Heinrich MC, Maki RG, Corless CL et al. Primary and secondary kinase genotypes correlate with the biological and clinical activity of sunitinib in imatinib-resistant gastrointestinal stromal tumor. J. Clin. Oncol. 26(33), 5352-5359 (2008).
    • (2008) J. Clin. Oncol. , vol.26 , Issue.33 , pp. 5352-5359
    • Heinrich, M.C.1    Maki, R.G.2    Corless, C.L.3
  • 95
    • 50249092801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heterogeneity of kinase inhibitor resistance mechanisms in GIST
    • Liegl B, Kepten I, Le C et al. Heterogeneity of kinase inhibitor resistance mechanisms in GIST. J. Pathol. 216(1), 64-74 (2008).
    • (2008) J. Pathol. , vol.216 , Issue.1 , pp. 64-74
    • Liegl, B.1    Kepten, I.2    Le, C.3
  • 96
    • 77955019276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor olaparib in patients with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations and advanced breast cancer: A proof-of-concept trial
    • Tutt A, Robson M, Garber JE et al. Oral poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor olaparib in patients with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations and advanced breast cancer: a proof-of-concept trial. Lancet 376(9737), 235-244 (2010).
    • (2010) Lancet , vol.376 , Issue.9737 , pp. 235-244
    • Tutt, A.1    Robson, M.2    Garber, J.E.3
  • 97
    • 77955039099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor olaparib in patients with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations and recurrent ovarian cancer: A proof-of-concept trial
    • Audeh MW, Carmichael J, Penson RT et al. Oral poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor olaparib in patients with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations and recurrent ovarian cancer: a proof-of-concept trial. Lancet 376(9737), 245-251 (2010).
    • (2010) Lancet , vol.376 , Issue.9737 , pp. 245-251
    • Audeh, M.W.1    Carmichael, J.2    Penson, R.T.3
  • 98
    • 67650471685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in tumors from BRCA mutation carriers
    • Fong PC, Boss DS, Yap TA et al. Inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in tumors from BRCA mutation carriers. N. Engl. J. Med. 361(2), 123-134 (2009).
    • (2009) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.361 , Issue.2 , pp. 123-134
    • Fong, P.C.1    Boss, D.S.2    Yap, T.A.3
  • 99
    • 77953658106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methotrexate induces oxidative DNA damage and is selectively lethal to tumour cells with defects in the DNA mismatch repair gene MSH2
    • Martin SA, McCarthy A, Barber LJ et al. Methotrexate induces oxidative DNA damage and is selectively lethal to tumour cells with defects in the DNA mismatch repair gene MSH2. EMBO Mol. Med. 1(6-7), 323-337 (2009).
    • (2009) EMBO Mol. Med. , vol.1 , Issue.6-7 , pp. 323-337
    • Martin, S.A.1    McCarthy, A.2    Barber, L.J.3
  • 100
    • 73949118293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genomic instability and the selection of treatments for cancer
    • Martin SA, Hewish M, Lord CJ, Ashworth A. Genomic instability and the selection of treatments for cancer. J. Pathol. 220(2), 281-289 (2010).
    • (2010) J. Pathol. , vol.220 , Issue.2 , pp. 281-289
    • Martin, S.A.1    Hewish, M.2    Lord, C.J.3    Ashworth, A.4
  • 101
    • 80051642095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Secondary somatic mutations restoring BRCA1/2 predict chemotherapy resistance in hereditary ovarian carcinomas
    • Norquist B, Wurz KA, Pennil CC et al. Secondary somatic mutations restoring BRCA1/2 predict chemotherapy resistance in hereditary ovarian carcinomas. J. Clin. Oncol. 29(22), 3008-3015 (2011).
    • (2011) J. Clin. Oncol. , vol.29 , Issue.22 , pp. 3008-3015
    • Norquist, B.1    Wurz, K.A.2    Pennil, C.C.3
  • 102
    • 39849106300 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Secondary mutations as a mechanism of cisplatin resistance in BRCA2-mutated cancers
    • Sakai W, Swisher EM, Karlan BY et al. Secondary mutations as a mechanism of cisplatin resistance in BRCA2-mutated cancers. Nature 451(7182), 1116-1120 (2008).
    • (2008) Nature , vol.451 , Issue.7182 , pp. 1116-1120
    • Sakai, W.1    Swisher, E.M.2    Karlan, B.Y.3
  • 103
    • 42349096328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Secondary BRCA1 mutations in BRCA1-mutated ovarian carcinomas with platinum resistance
    • Swisher EM, Sakai W, Karlan BY, Wurz K, Urban N, Taniguchi T. Secondary BRCA1 mutations in BRCA1-mutated ovarian carcinomas with platinum resistance. Cancer Res. 68(8), 2581-2586 (2008).
    • (2008) Cancer Res. , vol.68 , Issue.8 , pp. 2581-2586
    • Swisher, E.M.1    Sakai, W.2    Karlan, B.Y.3    Wurz, K.4    Urban, N.5    Taniguchi, T.6
  • 104
    • 39849097680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resistance to therapy caused by intragenic deletion in BRCA2
    • Edwards SL, Brough R, Lord CJ et al. Resistance to therapy caused by intragenic deletion in BRCA2. Nature 451(7182), 1111-1115 (2008).
    • (2008) Nature , vol.451 , Issue.7182 , pp. 1111-1115
    • Edwards, S.L.1    Brough, R.2    Lord, C.J.3
  • 107
    • 77951115122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International network of cancer genome projects
    • International Cancer Genome Consortium.
    • Hudson TJ, Anderson W, Artez A et al.; International Cancer Genome Consortium. International network of cancer genome projects. Nature 464(7291), 993-998 (2010).
    • (2010) Nature , vol.464 , Issue.7291 , pp. 993-998
    • Hudson, T.J.1    Anderson, W.2    Artez, A.3
  • 108
    • 84862777113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel retinoblastoma therapy from genomic and epigenetic analyses
    • Zhang J, Benavente CA, McEvoy J et al. A novel retinoblastoma therapy from genomic and epigenetic analyses. Nature 481(7381), 329-334 (2012).
    • (2012) Nature , vol.481 , Issue.7381 , pp. 329-334
    • Zhang, J.1    Benavente, C.A.2    McEvoy, J.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.