Review on: Liquid crystalline Polyazomethines polymers. Basics, syntheses and characterization

Designed Monomers and Polymers

Volumn 15, Issue 5, 2012, Pages 431-463

  Hussein, Mahmoud A ^a,b   Abdel Rahman, Mona A ^b   Asiri, Abdullah M ^a   Alamry, Khalid A ^a   Aly, Kamal I ^b  

^a KING ABDULAZIZ UNIVERSITY   (Saudi Arabia)

^b Assiut University   (Egypt)

Author keywords

Characterization; Liquid crystalline polymers; Mesophoric; Polyazomethines; Synthesis; Thermotropic

Indexed keywords

FLEXIBLE SPACER; LIQUID CRYSTALLINE MATERIALS; MESOPHORIC; POLYAZOMETHINES; POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS; THERMOTROPIC;

CHARACTERIZATION; CRYSTALLINE MATERIALS; LIQUID CRYSTAL POLYMERS; POLYMERS; SYNTHESIS (CHEMICAL);

LIQUIDS;

EID: 84867079270     PISSN: 1385772X     EISSN: 15685551     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/1385772X.2012.688325     Document Type: Review

References (89)

1. Gordon W. Review (Virtual text book). Available from: http://PLC.cwru.edu/tutorial/enhanced/main. htm
2. Khoo IC, Wu ST. Optics and nonlinear optics of liquid crystals. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing; 1993.
3. Chapoy LL, editors. Recent advances in liquid crystalline polymers. London: Elsevier; 1986.
4. Blumstein A, editors. Polymeric liquid crystals. New York, NY: Plenum Press; 1985.
5. Griffin AG, and Johnson JF, editors. Liquid crystals and ordered fluids. New York, NY: Plenum Press; 1984.
6. Xu Q-W, Man H-C, Lau W-S. Study on the morphology and mechanical properties of binary and ternary blends of semiaromatic LCP/PP/PC. Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering. 1998;37:253-9.
7. Lizuka E. Effects of magnetic fields on polymer liquid crystals. International Journal of Polymeric Materials. 2000;45:191-238.
8. Broer DJ, Finkelmann H, Kondo K. In-situ photopolymerization of an oriented liquid-crystalline acrylate. Die Makromolekulare Chemie. 1988;189:185-94.
9. Broer DJ, Mol GN. In situ photopolymerization of an oriented liquid-crystalline acrylate 2. Makromolekulare Chemie. 1989;190:19-30.
10. Broer DJ, Boven J, Mol GN, Challa G. In-situ photopolymerization of oriented liquid-crystalline acrylates, 3. Oriented polymer networks from a mesogenic diacrylat. Makromolekulare Chemie. 1989;190:2255-68.
11. Hikmet RAM, Lub J. Anisotropic networks with stable dipole orientation obtained by photopolymerization in the ferroelectric state. Journal of Applied Physics. 1995;77:6234-8.
12. He L, Zhang S, Jin S, Qi Z. In-situ photopolymerization of an oriented chiral liquid crystal acrylate in an electric field. Polymer Bulletin. 1995;34:7-12.
13. Hoyle CE, Mathias LJ, Jariwala C, Sheng D. Photopolymerization of a semifluorinated difunctional liquid crystalline monomer in a smectic phase. Macromolecules. 1996;29:3182-7.
14. Guymon CA, Hoggan EN, Clark NA, Rieker TP, Walba DM, Bowman CN. Effects of monomer structure on their organization and polymerization in a smectic liquid crystal. Science. 1997;275:57-9.
15. Broer DJ, Mol GN, Challa G. Temperature effects on the kinetics of photoinitiated polymerization of dimethacrylates. Polymer. 1991;32:690-5.
16. Hoyle CE, Kang D, Jariwala C, Griffin AC. Efficient polymerization of a semi-fluorinated liquid crystalline methacrylate. Polymer. 1993;34:3070-5.
17. Hoyle CE, Watanabe T. Kinetics of polymerization of liquid-crystalline monomers: an exotherm and light scattering analysis. Macromolecules. 1994;27:3790-6.
18. Hoyle CE, Watanabe T, Whitehead JB. Anisotropic network formation by photopolymerization of liquid crystal monomers in a low magnetic field. Macromolecules. 1994;27:6581-8.
19. Sahlen F, Trollsas M, Hult A, Gedde UW. Synthesis and characterization of bifunctional liquidcrystalline monomers showing smectic C phase. Photopolymerization and Cross-Linking. Chemistry of Materials. 1996;8:382-8.
20. Hellermark C, Gedde UW, Hult A. Synthesis and characterization of poly (11-(4'-cyano-trans-4-stilbenyloxy) undecanyl vinyl ether). Polymer Bulletin. 1992;28:267-74.
21. Andersson H, Gedde UW, Hult A. Preparation of ordered, crosslinked and thermally stable liquid crystalline poly (vinyl ether) films. Polymer. 1992;33:4014-8.
22. Broer DJ, Lub J, Mol GN. Synthesis and photopolymerization of a liquid-crystalline diepoxide. Macromolecules. 1993;26:1244-7.
23. Jahromi S, Jub J, Mol GN. Synthesis and photoinitiated polymerization of liquid crystalline diepoxides. Polymer. 1994;35:622-9.
24. Andersson H, Trollsas M, Gedde UW, Hult A. Preparation of ordered and crosslinked films from liquid crystalline p-vinylphenoxy-based monomers. Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics. 1995;196:3667-76.
25. Williamson SE, Kang D, Hoyle CE. Phase Effects on the polymerization of a styrloxy cholesteric liquid crystalline monomer. Macromolecules. 1996;29:8656-65.
26. Mititelu A, Cascaval CN. Liquid crystalline epoxy thermoset obtained from biphenyl mesogen. Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering. 2005;44:151-62.
27. Morgan PW, Kwolek SL, Plecher TC. Aromatic azomethine polymers and fibers. Macromolecules. 1987;20:729-39.
28. Wojkowski PW. Aromatic-aliphatic azomethine ether polymers and fibers. Macromolecules. 1987;20:740-8.
29. Yeakel KG, Mani RS, Allen RD, Mohanty DK. Synthesis and characterization of processable aromatic poly (azomethine) s with ether linkages. Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics. 1993;194:2779-87.
30. Yang CJ, Jenekhe SA. Conjugated aromatic polyimines. 2. Synthesis, structure, and properties of new aromatic polyazomethines. Macromolecules. 1995;28:1180-96.
31. Iwan A, Sek D. Processible polyazomethines and polyketanils: from aerospace to light-emitting diodes and other advanced applications. Progress in Polymer Science. 2008;33:289-345.
32. Grigoras M, Catanescu CO. Imine oligomers and polymers. Journal of Macromolecular Science: Part C: Polymer Reviews. 2004;44:131-73.
33. Chapoy L. L., editors. Recent advances in liquid crystalline polymers. London: Elsevier; 1986.
34. Blumstein A, editors. Polymeric liquid crystals. New York, NY: Plenum; 1985.
35. (a) Yang CY, Jenekhe SA. Conjugated aromatic poly (azomethines) 1. Characterization of structure, electronic spectra, and processing of thin films from soluble complexes. Chemistry of Materials. 1991;3:878-887;
36. (b) Kannan P et al. Synthesis and characterization of thermotropic liquid crystalline poly (azomethine ether) s. Polymer. 2004;45:7895-7902.
37. Luzny W, Pomarzanska SE, Pron A. Structural properties of selected poly (azomethines). Polymer. 1999;40:6611-4.
38. Shiota A, Ober CK. Rigid rod and liquid crystalline thermosets. Progress in Polymer Science. 1997;22:975-1000.
39. Higuchi M, Tsuruta M, Chiba H, Shiki S, Yamamoto K. Control of stepwise radial complexation in dendritic polyphenylazomethines. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 2003;125:9988-97.
40. Adams R, Bullock RE, Wilson WC. Contribution to the structure of benzidine. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 1923;45:521-7.
41. Marvel CS, Hill HW. Polyazines. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 1950;72:4819-20.
42. Spiliopoulos IK, Mikroyannidis JA. Soluble, rigid-rod polyamide, polyimides, and polyazomethine with phenyl pendent groups derived from 4, 4"-diamino-3, 5, 3", 5"-tetraphenyl-p-terphenyl. Macromolecules. 1996;29:5313-9.
43. Racleşa C, Cazacua M, Vasiliua M, Cozana V. Structure - LC properties relationship in siloxaneazomethine compounds. Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering. 2005;44:1049-58.
44. Carracher CE, Jr. Polymer chemistry. 5th ed. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker; 2000.
45. Stegemeyer H. Topic in physical chemistry. In Liquid crystals, Vol. 3. New York NY: Springer, 1994.
46. Gray GW, Winsor PA. Liquid crystals and plastic crystals. London: Ellis, Horwood, Vol. 1; 1974.
47. Robinson C. Liquid-crystalline structures in solutions of a polypeptide. Transactions of the Faraday Society. 1956;52:571-92.
48. Gray GW. Thermotropic liquid crystals. New York, NY: Willy; 1987.
49. Barcel M, Zigen M, Malavasic T. Side chain liquid crystal polyurethanes with azobenzene mesogenic moieties: Influence of spacer length on hydrogen bonding at different temperatures. Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry. 1998;36:2135-46.
50. Barcon F, Guittard F, Givernchy F, Cambon A. Highly fluorinated monomers precursors of sidechain liquid crystalline polysiloxanes. Journal of Polymer Science Polymer Chemistry Edition. 1999;37:4487-96.
51. Dong D, Zhuang H, Lig NY, Ding M. Synthesis and characterization of thermotropic liquid crystalline poly (ester imide) s. Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry. 1999;37:211-8.
52. Sudha JH. Synthesis and characterization of hydrogen-bonded thermotropic liquid crystalline aromatic-aliphatic poly (ester-amide) s from amido diol. Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry. 2000;38:2469-86.
53. Kricheldorf HR, Greken A, Karhinen H. LC-polyimides XXXIV. Noncrystalline thermotropic copoly (ester-imide) s based on PET. Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry. 1998;36:1813-20.
54. Sun SJ, Lio YC, Chang TC. Studies on the synthesis and properties of thermotropic liquid crystalline polycarbonates. VII. Liquid crystalline polycarbonates and poly (ester-carbonate) s derived from various mesogenic groups. Journal of Polymer Science Polymer Chemistry Edition. 2000;38:1852-60.
55. Kricheldof HR, Greken A, Yulchibaev B, Friedrich C. New polymer syntheses. 102. Aspirin-modified LC polyesters based on PET and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid. Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry. 2000;38:2013-22.
56. Karayannidis GR, Psalida EA. Chain extension of recycled poly (ethylene terephthalate) with 2, 2'-(1, 4-phenylene) bis (2-oxazoline). Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 2000;77:2206-11.
57. Jung HC, Kang SJ, Kim WN, Lee YB, Choe KH, Hong SH, Kimg SB. Properties of crosslinked polyurethanes synthesized from 4, 4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate and polyester polyol. Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 2000;78:624-30.
58. Kannan P, Raja S, Sakthivel P. Synthesis and characterization of thermotropic liquid crystalline poly (azomethine ether) s. Polymer. 2004;45:7895-902.
59. Mehdipour-Ataei S, Maleki-Moghaddam R, Nami M. Synthesis and characterization of heat resistant, pyridine-based polyimides with preformed ether and ester groups. European Polymer Journal. 2005;41:1024-9.
60. Cho I, Jo S-Y New side-chain liquid crystalline polymer with flexible spacer backbone. Macromolecules. 1999;32:521-3.
61. Zhang D, Liu Y, Wan X, Zhou Q-F. Synthesis of a new side-chain type liquid crystal polymer poly[dicyclohexyl vinylterephthalate]. Macromolecules. 1999;32:4494-6.
62. Al-Dujaili AH, T-Atto A, Al-Kurde AM. Synthesis and liquid crystalline properties of models and polymers containing thiazolo[5, 4-d]thiazole and siloxane flexible spacers. European Polymer Journal. 2001;37:927-32.
63. Aharoni SM. Hydrogen-bonded highly regular strictly alternating aliphatic-aromatic liquid-crystalline poly (ester amides). Macromolecules. 1988;21:1941-61.
64. Otilia C, Mircea G, Georgiana C, Alina D, Nicolae H, Cristofor IS. Radical polymerization of vinyl acetate using p-acetylbenzylidene triphenylarsonium ylide as an initiator. European Polymer Journal. 2001;37:2213-8.
65. Choi EJ, Ahn JC, Chien LC, Lee CK, Zin WC, Kim DC, Shin ST. Main chain polymers containing banana-shaped mesogens: synthesis and mesomorphic properties. Macromolecules. 2004;37:71-8.
66. Li CH, Chang TC. Studies on the thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer. I. Synthesis and properties of polyamide-azomethine-ether. Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry. 1990;28:3625-38.
67. Barbera J, Oriol L, Serrano JL. Hydroxy-functionalized liquid-crystalline polyazomethines I. Synthesis, characterization and structure-mesogenic behaviour relationship. Liquid Crystals. 1992;12:37-47.
68. Parks SB, Kim H, Zin WC, Jung JC. Synthesis and properties of polyazomethines having flexible (n-alkyloxy) methyl side chains. Macromolecules. 1993;26:1627-32.
69. Guillion D, Skoulios A. Mesophases Smectiques Thermotropes de Polybases de Schiff. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals. 1978;49:119-23.
70. Li CH, Chang TC. Studies on thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers-Part II. Synthesis and properties of poly (azomethine-ether). European Polymer Journal. 1991;27:35-9.
71. Aly KI, Ahmed RA. Liquid crystalline polymers V. Thermotropic liquid crystalline poly (azomethine-ether) s containing a cycloalkanone moiety in the polymer backbone. Liquid Crystals. 2000;27:451-8.
72. Aly KI, Khalaf AA, Alkaskas IA. Liquid crystalline polymers VII. Thermotropic liquid crystalline poly (azomethine-ether) s containing dibenzylidene derivatives in the main chain. European Polymer Journal. 2003;39:1035-44.
73. Jayanthi GS, Kishore K. Synthesis and mesogenic behavior of metal-containing liquid crystalline networks. Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 1996;60:791-8.
74. Sauer BB, Kampert WG, Mclean RS. Thermal and morphological properties of main chain liquid crystalline polymers. Polymer. 2003;44:2721-38.
75. Biswas A, Gardner KH, Wojtkowshi PW. Liquid crystalline polymers. ACS Symposium Series 435. In: Weiss RA Ober CK, editors. ACS Symposium Series 435. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society; 1990.
76. Aly KI, Hammam AS. Liquid crystalline polymers: I. Main chain thermotropic poly (arylideneether) s containing cyclopentanone moiety linked with polymethylene spacers. European Polymer Journal. 2000;36:1933-42.
77. Aly KI. Liquid crystalline polymers. 3. Synthesis and liquid crystal properties of thermotropic poly (arylidene-ether) s and copolymers containing cycloalkanone moiety in the polymer backbone. Journal of Macromolecular Science Part A: Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2000;37:93-115.
78. Aly KI, El-Kashef HM. Liquid crystalline polymers. IV. Thermotropic liquid crystalline poly (arylidene-ether) s and copolymers containing n-methylpiperidone linked to the main chain through spacers of various lengths. Journal of Macromolecular Science Part A: Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2001;38:785-806.
79. Aly KI, Abbady MA, Mahgoub SA, Hussein MA. Liquid crystalline polymers. IX. Main chain thermotropic poly (azomethine - ether) s containing thiazole moiety linked with polymethylene spacers. Journal of Express Polymer Letters. 2007;1:197-207.
80. Cerrada P, Oriol L, Plnol M, Serrano JL. Alternative synthetic strategies for Schiff base derived liquid crystal polymers: A comparative study. Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry. 1996;34:2603-11.
81. Cerrada P, Oriol L, Pinol M, Serrano JL, Alonso PJ, Puertolas JA, Iribarren I, Munoz Guerra S. Munoz Guerra S. Influence of hydroxy functionalization and metal cross-linking on fiber properties of liquid-crystalline polyazomethines. Macromolecules. 1999;32:3565-73.
82. Marin L, Cozan V, Bruma M. Comparative study of new thermotropic polyazomethines. Polymers for Advanced Technologies. 2006;17:664-72.
83. Windle AH. Structure of thermotropic main-chain polymers. Liquid crystalline and mesomorphic polymers. In: Shibaev VP Lam L, editors. Liquid crystalline and mesomorphic polymers. Berlin: Springer-Verlag; 1994. 42.
84. Marin L, Damaceanu MD, Timpu D. New thermotropc liquid crystalline polyazomethines containing luminescent mesogens. Soft Materials. 2009;7:1-20.
85. Marin L, Perju E, Damaceanu MD. Designing thermotropic liquid crystalline polyazomethines based on fluorene and/or oxadiazole chromophores. European Polymer Journal. 2011;47:1284-99.
86. Demus D, Goodby J, Spiess GW, Vill V, editors. Handbook of liquid crystals, high molecular weight liquid crystals, Vol. 3. Weinheim: VCH-Wiley; 1998.
87. Windle AH. Structure of thermotropic main chain polymers. Liquid crystalline and mesomorphic polymers. In: Shibaev VP Lam L, editors. Liquid crystalline and mesomorphic polymers. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag; 1994.
88. Schab-Balcerzak E, Iwanc A, Krompiecb M, Siwya M, Tapaa D, Sikorac A, Palewiczc M. Study of charge transport in blends of natural rubber and poly (o-methoxyaniline) based on a resistor network statistical model. Synthetic Metals. 2010;160:2208-10.
89. Iwana A, Palewicza M, Sikoraa A, Chmielowieca J, Hreniaka A, Pasciaka G, Bilski P. Aliphatic-aromatic poly (azomethine) s with ester groups as thermotropic materials for opto (electronic) applications. Synthetic Metals. 2010;160:1856-67.