Depression and anxiety among Asian Americans: The effects of social support and strain

Social Work (United States)

Volumn 57, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 49-60

  Sangalang, Cindy C ^a   Gee, Gilbert C ^b  

^a 3250 School of Public Affairs   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Asian Americans; Mental health; Social strain; Social support; Women

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; ANXIETY DISORDER; ARTICLE; ASIAN AMERICAN; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ETHNOLOGY; FAMILY RELATION; FEMALE; FRIEND; HEALTH SURVEY; HUMAN; MAJOR DEPRESSION; MALE; MENTAL STRESS; MIDDLE AGED; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; SEX DIFFERENCE; SOCIAL SUPPORT; UNITED STATES;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; ANXIETY DISORDERS; ASIAN AMERICANS; DEPRESSIVE DISORDER, MAJOR; EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES; FAMILY RELATIONS; FEMALE; FRIENDS; HEALTH SURVEYS; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; SEX FACTORS; SOCIAL SUPPORT; STRESS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; UNITED STATES; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84866907256     PISSN: 00378046     EISSN: 15456846     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/sw/swr005     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. Abraham, W. T., & Russell, D. W. (2008). Statistical power analysis in psychological research. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2, 283-301.
2. Adams, B., Aranda, M. P., Kemp, B., & Takagi, K. (2002). Ethnic and gender differences in distress among Anglo American, African American, Japanese, American, and Mexican American spousal caregivers of persons with dementia. Journal of Clinical Geropsychology, 8, 279-301.
3. Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
4. Alegria, M., Takeuchi, D., Canino, G., Duan, N., Shrout, P., Meng, X. L., et al. (2004a). Considering context, place, and culture: The National Latino and Asian American Study. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 13(4), 208-220.
5. Alegria, M., Vila, D., Woo, M., Canino, G., Takeuchi, D., Vera, M., et al. (2004b). Cultural relevance and equivalence in the NLAAS instrument: Integrating etic and emic in the development of cross-cultural measures for a psychiatric epidemiology and services study of Latinos. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 13, 270-288.
6. American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text rev.). Washington, DC: Author.
7. Aneshensel, C. S., Rutter, C. M., & Lachenbruch, P. A. (1991). Social structure, stress, and mental health: Competing conceptual and analytic models. American Sociological Review, 56, 166-178.
8. Bakish, D. (1999). The patient with comorbid depression and anxiety: The unmet need. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 60, 20-24.
9. Belle, D. (1982). Lives in stress: Women and depression. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.
10. Berkman, L. F., & Glass, T. (2000). Social integration, social networks, social support, and health. In L. F. Berkman, & I. Kawachi (Eds.), Social epidemiology (pp. 137-173). New York: Oxford University Press.
11. Borkovec, T. D., & Costello, E. (1993). Efficacy of applied relaxation and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 61, 611-619.
12. Choi, G. (1997). Acculturative stress, social support, and depression in Korean American families. Journal of Family Social Work, 2, 81-97.
13. Dohrenwend, B. P., Levav, I., Shrout, P. E., Schwarz, S., Naveh, G., Link, B. G., et al. (1992). Socioeconomic status and psychiatric disorders: The causation-selection issue. Science, 225, 946-952.
14. Fiore, J., Becker, J., & Coppel, D. B. (1983). Social network interactions: A buffer or a stress? American Journal of Community Psychology, 11, 423-439.
15. Fuligni, A. (2001). Family obligation and the academic motivation of adolescents from Asian, Latin American, and European backgrounds. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 94, 61-76.
16. Gee, G. C., Chen, J., Spencer, M. S., See, S., Kuester, O. A., Tran, D., et al. (2006). Social support as a buffer for perceived unfair treatment among Filipino Americans. American Journal of Public Health, 96, 677-684.
17. Greenland, S. (1983). Tests for interaction in epidemiolo-gic studies: A review and study of power. Statistics in Medicine, 2, 243-251.
18. Heerenga, S. G., Wagner, J., Torres, M., Duan, N., Adams, T., & Berglund, P. (2004). Sample designs and sampling methods for the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Studies (CPES). International Journal Methods in Psychiatric Research, 13, 221-240.
19. House, J. S., Landis, K. R., & Umberson, D. (1988). Social relationships and health. Science, 241, 540-545.
20. Huang, S., Saenz, R., & Aguirre, B. E. (1997). Structural and assimilationist explanations of Asian American intermarriage. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 59, 758-772.
21. Kawachi, I., & Berkman, L. F. (2001). Social ties and mental health. Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 78, 458-467.
22. Kessler, R. C., & Ustun, T. B. (2006). The World Mental Heath (WMH) Survey Initiative version of the World Health Organization (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 13, 93-121.
23. Kim, B.S.K., Atkinson, D. R., & Umemoto, D. (2001). Asian cultural values and the counseling process. The Counseling Psychologist, 29, 570-603.
24. Kim, H. K., & McKenry, P. C. (1998). Social networks and support: A comparison of African Americans, Asian Americans, Caucasians, and Hispanics. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 29, 313-334.
25. Kim, H. S., Sherman, D. K., Ko, D., & Taylor, S. E. (2006). Pursuit of comfort and pursuit of harmony: Culture, relationships, and social support seeking. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32, 1595-1607.
26. Leong, F.T.L., & Lau, A.S.L. (2001). Barriers to providing effective mental health services to Asian Americans. Mental Health Services Review, 3, 201-214.
27. Lin, K., Inui, T., Kleinman, A. M., & Womack, W. M. (1982). Social determinants of the help seeking behavior of patients with mental illness. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 170(2), 78-85.
28. Lincoln, K. D. (2000). Social support, negative social interactions, and psychological well-being. Social Service Review, 74, 231-252.
29. Lincoln, K. D., Taylor, R. J., Bullard, K. M., Chatters, L. M., Woodward, A. T., Himle, J. A., & Jackson, J. S. (2010). Emotional support, negative interaction and DSM IV lifetime disorders among older African Americans: Findings from the National Survey of American Life (NSAL). International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 25, 612-621.
30. Marshall, G. N., Schell, T. L., Elliott, M. N., Berthold, S. M., & Chun, C. (2005). Mental health of Cambodian refugees two decades after resettlement in the United States. JAMA, 294, 571-579.
31. Matsuoka, J. K., Breaux, C., & Ryujin, D. H. (1997). National utilization of mental health services by Asian Americans/Pacific Islanders. Journal of Community Psychology, 25, 141-145.
32. Meemeduma, P. (1992). Social networks of Sri Lankan women living in the United States. In S. M. Furuto, R. Biswas, D. K. Chung, K. Murase, & F. Ross-Sheriff (Eds.), Social work practice with Asian Americans (pp. 202-212). Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
33. Miller, J. B. (1988). Connections, disconnections and violations (Work in Progress No. 33). Wellesley, MA: Stone Center Working Paper Series.
34. Mirowsky, J., & Ross, C. E. (1992). Age and depression. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 33, 187-205.
35. Mittelmark, M. B. (1999). Social ties and health promotion: Suggestions for population-based research. Health Education Research, 14, 447-451.
36. Monette, D. R., Sullivan, T. J., & DeJong, C. R. (2005). Applied social research: A tool for the human services (6th ed.). Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole.
37. Mui, A. C. (2001). Stress, coping, and depression among elderly Korean immigrants. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 3, 281-299.
38. Mui, A. C., & Kang, S.-Y. (2006). Acculturation stress and depression among Asian immigrant elders. Social Work, 51, 243-255.
39. Mulvaney-Day, N. E., Alegria, M., & Sribney, W. (2006). Social cohesion, social support, and health among Latinos in the United States. Social Science and Medicine, 64, 477-495.
40. Nadal, K. L. (2009). Filipino American psychology. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse.
41. Noh, S., & Kaspar, V. (2003). Perceived discrimination and depression: Moderating effects of coping, acculturation, and ethnic support. American Journal of Public Health, 93, 232-238.
42. Patterson, J. M., & Garwick, A. W. (1994). The impact of chronic illness on families: A family systems perspective. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 16, 131-142.
43. Pearlin, L. I., & Johnson, J. S. (1977). Marital status, lifestrains, and depression. American Sociological Review, 42, 704-715.
44. Procidano, M. E., & Heller, K. (1983). Measures of perceived social support from friends and from family: Three validation studies. American Journal of Community Psychology, 11, 1-24.
45. Revenson, T. A., Schiaffino, K. M., Majerovitz, S. D., & Gibofsky, A. (1991). Social support as a double-edged sword: The relation of positive and problematic support to depression among rheumatoid arthritis patients. Social Science and Medicine, 33, 807-813.
46. Rook, K. S. (1984). The negative side of social interaction: Impact on psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 1097-1108.
47. Rook, K. S. (1992). Detrimental aspects of social relationships: Taking stock of an emerging literature. In H. V. Veiel, & U. Baumann (Eds.), The meaning and measurement of social support (pp. 157-170). Bristol, PA: Hemisphere Publishing Corporation.
48. Seligman, M.E.P. (1975). Helplessness: On depression, development, and death. New York: WH Freeman/Times Books/Henry Holt.
49. Spencer, M. S., & Chen, J. (2004). Effect of discrimination on mental health service utilization among Chinese Americans. American Journal of Public Health, 94, 809-814.
50. StataCorp. (2007). Stata statistical software: Release 10. College Station, TX: Author.
51. Stephens, M.A.P., Kinney, J. M., Norris, V. K., & Ritchie, S. W. (1987). Social networks as assets and liabilities in recovery from stroke by geriatric patients. Psychology and Aging, 2, 125-129.
52. Stronks, K., Van De Mheen, H., Van Den Bos, J., & Mackenbach, J. P. (1997). The interrelationship between income, health, and employment status. International Journal of Epidemiology, 26, 592-600.
53. Takeuchi, D., Zane, N., Hong, S., Chae, D. H., Gong, F., Gee, G. C., et al. (2007). Immigration-related factors and mental disorders among Asian Americans. American Journal of Public Health, 97, 84-90.
54. Taylor, S. E., Sherman, D. K., Kim, H. S., Jarcho, J., Takagi, K., & Dunagan, M. S. (2004). Culture and social support: Who seeks it and why? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87, 354-362.
55. Umberson, D., Chen, M. D., House, J. S., Hopkins, K., & Slaten, E. (1996). The effect of social relationships on psychological well-being: Are men and women really so different? American Sociological Review, 61, 837-857.
56. U.S. Census Bureau. (2011). Asian/Pacific American Heritage Month: May 2011. Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/newsroom/releases/archives/facts-for- features-special-editions/cb11-ff06.html
57. Walen, H. R., & Lachman, M. E. (2000). Social support and strain from partner, family, and friends: Costs and benefits for men and women in adulthood. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 17, 5-30.
58. Wellisch, D., Kagawa-Singer, M., Reid, S. L., Lin, Y., Nishikawa-Lee, S., & Wellisch, M. (1999). An exploratory study of social support: A cross-cultural comparison of Chinese-, Japanese-, and Anglo-American breast cancer patients. Psycho-oncology, 8, 207-219.
59. World Health Organization. (2001). World health report 2001: Mental health: New understanding, new hope. Geneva: Author.
60. World Mental Health Survey Consortium. (2004). Prevalence, severity, and unmet need for treatment of mental disorders in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys. JAMA, 291, 2581-2590.
61. Yang, B., & Clum, G. A. (1995). Measures of life stress and social support specific to an Asian student populations. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 17, 51-65.
62. Yee, B.W.K., Huang, L. N., & Lew, A. (1998). Families: Life-span socialization in a cultural context. In L. C. Lee, & N.W.S. Zane (Eds), Handbook of Asian American psychology (pp. 83-135). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
63. Yeh, C. J., & Inose, M. (2003). International students' reported English fluency, social support satisfaction, and social connectedness as predictors of acculturative stress. Counseling Psychology Quarterly, 16, 15-28.
64. Ying, Y. (2002). The conception of depression in Chinese Americans. In K. S. Kurasaki, S. Okazaki, & S. Sue (Eds.), Asian American mental health: Assessment, theories, and methods (pp. 173-183). New York: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
65. Ying, Y., & Han, M. (2007). The longitudinal effect of intergenerational gap in acculturation on conflict and mental health in Southeast Asian American adolescents. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 77, 61-66.