Crustal architecture and geodynamics of North Queensland, Australia: Insights from deep seismic reflection profiling

Tectonophysics

Volumn 572-573, Issue , 2012, Pages 76-99

  Korsch, R J ^a   Huston, D L ^a   Henderson, R A ^b   Blewett, R S ^a   Withnall, I W ^c   Fergusson, C L ^d   Collins, W J ^b,e   Saygin, E ^a,f   Kositcin, N ^a   Meixner, A J ^a   Chopping, R ^a   Henson, P A ^a   Champion, D C ^a   Hutton, L J ^c   Wormald, R ^b   Holzschuh, J ^a   Costelloe, R D ^a  

^a GEOSCIENCE AUSTRALIA   (Australia)

^b JAMES COOK UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^c Geological Survey of Queensland   (Australia)

^d UNIVERSITY OF WOLLONGONG   (Australia)

^e UNIVERSITY OF NEWCASTLE   (Australia)

^f AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

Crustal architecture; Geodynamics; North Queensland; Reflection seismic; Structure

Indexed keywords

ACCRETIONARY WEDGE; AUSTRALIA; COMPLICATED GEOMETRY; CONTINENTAL MARGIN; CONVERGENT MARGIN; CRUSTAL BOUNDARIES; DEEP SEISMIC REFLECTIONS; LOWER CRUST; MAGNETOTELLURIC SURVEYS; MESOZOIC; NORTH QUEENSLAND; OCEANIC ENVIRONMENTS; OVERTHRUST; PALEOPROTEROZOIC; PALEOZOIC; PRECAMBRIAN; REFLECTION SEISMIC; SEISMIC DATAS; SEISMIC INTERPRETATION; SEISMIC REFLECTIONS; SUBDUCTION ZONES; THOMSON; THREE DIMENSIONS;

ARCHITECTURE; GEOCHRONOLOGY; SEISMIC RESPONSE; SEISMIC WAVES; STRUCTURE (COMPOSITION); TECTONICS;

GEODYNAMICS;

CONTINENTAL MARGIN; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; DATA INTERPRETATION; DEEP SEISMIC SOUNDING; GEODYNAMICS; MESOZOIC; MOHO; OROGENY; PROTEROZOIC; SEISMIC DATA; SEISMIC REFLECTION;

AUSTRALIA; MOUNT ISA; QUEENSLAND;

EID: 84866847149     PISSN: 00401951     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.tecto.2012.02.022     Document Type: Article

References (95)

1. Baker M.J., Crawford A.J., Withnall I.W. Geochemical, Sm-Nd isotopic characteristics and petrogenesis of Paleoproterozoic mafic rocks from the Georgetown Inlier, north Queensland: implications for relationship with the Broken Hill and Mount Isa Eastern Succession. Precambrian Research 2010, 177(1-2):39-54.
2. Betts P.G. Palaeoproterozoic mid-basin inversion in the northern Mt Isa terrane, Queensland. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 1999, 40:735-748.
3. Betts P.G., Giles D. The 1800-1100Ma tectonic evolution of Australia. Precambrian Research 2006, 144:92-125.
4. Betts P.G., Giles D., Lister G.S., Frick L.P. Evolution of the Australian lithosphere. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 2002, 49:661-695.
5. Betts P.G., Giles D., Mark G., Lister G., Goleby B.R., Ailleres L. Synthesis of the Proterozoic evolution of the Mt Isa Inlier. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 2006, 53:187-211.
6. Black L.P., McCulloch M.T. Isotopic evidence for the dependence of recurrent felsic magmatism on new crust formation: an example from the Georgetown region of northeastern Australia. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 1990, 54:183-196.
7. Blenkinsop T.G., Huddlestone-Holmes C.R., Foster D.R.W., Edmiston M.A., Pepong P., Mark G., Austin J.R., Murphy F.C., Ford A., Rubenach M.R. The crustal scale architecture of the Eastern Succession, Mount Isa: the influence of inversion. Precambrian Research 2008, 163:31-49.
8. Bultitude R.J., Champion D.C. Granites of the eastern Hodgkinson Province - their field and petrographic characteristics. Queensland Resource Industries Record 1992, 1992/6.
9. Bultitude R.J., Donchak P.J.T., Domagala J., Fordham B.G., Champion D.C. Geology and tectonics of the Hodgkinson Province, north Queensland. Proceedings Volume III, Pacific Rim Congress 1990, 90:75-81. The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Melbourne.
10. Bultitude R.J., Donchak P.J.T., Domagala J., Fordham B.G. The pre-Mesozoic stratigraphy and structure of the western Hodgkinson Province and environs. Queensland Geological Survey Record 1993, 1993/29.
11. Bultitude R.J., Garrad P.D., Donchak P.J.T., Domagala J., Champion D.C., Rees I.D., Mackenzie D.E., Wellman P., Knutson J., Fanning C.M., Fordham B.G., Grimes K.G., Oversby B.S., Rienks I.P., Stephenson P.J., Chappell B.W., Pain C.F., Wilford J.R., Rigby J.F., Woodbury M.J. Cairns Region. Australian Geological Survey Organisation Bulletin 240, and Queensland Department Of Mines and Energy Queensland Geology 1997, 9:225-325. J.H.C. Bain, J.J. Draper (Eds.).
12. Northern Queensland Exploration and Mining 2009 and North Queensland seismic and MT workshop. Australian Institute of Geoscientists Bulletin 2009, 49. K. Camuti, D. Young (Eds.).
13. Carr L.K., Korsch R.J., Jones L.E.A., Holzschuh J. The role of deep seismic reflection data in understanding the architecture and petroleum potential of Australia's onshore sedimentary basins. APPEA Journal and Conference Proceedings 2010, 50. 4 pp.
14. Cawood P.A., Korsch R.J. Assembling Australia; Proterozoic building of a continent. Precambrian Research 2008, 166:1-35.
15. Cayley R.A., Taylor D.H., VandenBerg A.H.M., Moore D.H. Proterozoic-Early Palaeozoic rocks and the Tyennan Orogeny in central Victoria: the Selwyn Block and its tectonic implications. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 2002, 49:225-254.
16. Cayley R.A., Korsch R.J., Moore D.H., Costelloe R.D., Nakamura A., Willman C.E., Rawling T.J., Morand V.J., Skladzien P.B., O'Shea P.J. Crustal architecture of Central Victoria: results from the 2006 deep crustal reflection seismic survey. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 2011, 58(2):113-156.
17. Champion, D.C., 1991. The felsic granites of far north Queensland. PhD Thesis, Australian National University, Canberra.
18. Champion D.C., Bultitude R.J. Granites of the eastern Hodgkinson Province. II. Their geochemical and Nd-Sr isotopic characteristics and implications for petrogenesis and crustal structure in north Queensland. Queensland Geological Record 1994, 1994/1.
19. Champion, D.C., Bultitude, R.J., in press. Kennedy Igneous Association-Carboniferous and Permian magmatism in north Queensland. In Jell, P. (Ed.), The geology of Queensland. Department of Employment, Energy, Development and Innovation, Queensland.
20. Chopping R., Henson P.A. 3D map and supporting geophysical studies in the North Queensland region. Geoscience Australia Record 2009, 2009/29.
21. Chopping R., Henson P., Meixner T., Roy I.G., Milligan P. Use of potential field data sets to support the North Queensland seismic interpretations. Australian Institute of Geoscientists Bulletin 2009, 49:143-147.
22. Cihan M., Evins P., Lisowiec N., Blake K. Time constraints on deformation and metamorphism from EPMA dating of monazite in the Proterozoic Robertson River Metamorphics, NE Australia. Precambrian Research 2006, 145(1-2):1-23.
23. Clowes R.M., Oueity J. The nature of the Moho transition in NW Canada from combined near-vertical and wide-angle seismic reflection studies. Geoscience Australia Record 2010, 2010/24:40. D.M. Finlayson (Ed.).
24. Cook F.A., van der Velden A.J., Hall K.W., Roberts B.J. Tectonic delamination and subcrustal imbrication of the Precambrian lithosphere in northwestern Canada mapped by LITHOPROBE. Geology 1998, 26(9):839-842.
25. Cook F.A., van der Velden A.J., Hall K.W. Frozen subduction in Canada's Northwest Territories: lithoprobe deep lithospheric reflection profiling of the western Canadian Shield. Tectonics 1999, 18(1):1-24.
26. Davis B.K., Henderson R.A. Syn-orogenic extensional and contractional deformation related to granite emplacement in the northern Tasman Orogenic Zone, Australia. Tectonophysics 1999, 305:453-475.
27. Davis B.K., Bell C.C., Lindsay M., Henderson R.A. A single syn-orogenic episode of gold mineralisation in the Hodgkinson Province, north Queensland, Australia. Economic Geology 2002, 97:311-323.
28. de Caritat P., Braun J. Cyclic development of sedimentary basins at convergent plate boundaries. 1. Structural and tectono-thermal evolution of some Gondwana basins of eastern Australia. Journal of Geodynamics 1992, 16:241-282.
29. Direen N.G., Crawford A.J. The Tasman Line; where is it, what is it, and is it Australia's Rodinian breakup boundary. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 2003, 50:491-502.
30. Domagala, J., 1988. Sedimentology of the Hodgkinson Province, North Queensland. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Queensland, Brisbane.
31. Drummond B.J., Goleby B.R., Goncharov A.G., Wyborn L.A.I., Collins C.D.N., MacCready T. Crustal-scale structures in the Proterozoic Mount Isa Inlier of north Australia: their seismic response and influence on mineralisation. Tectonophysics 1997, 288:43-56.
32. Etheridge M.A., Rutland R.W.R., Wyborn L.I.A. Orogenesis and tectonic processes in the Early to Middle Proterozoic of northern Australia. Proterozoic Lithosphere Evolution. American Geophysical Union Geodynamics Series 1987, 17:131-147. A. Kro{double acute}ner (Ed.).
33. Fawckner, J.F., 1981. Structural and stratigraphic relations and a tectonic interpretation of the western Hodgkinson Province, northeastern Australia. Ph.D. Thesis, James Cook University of North Queensland, Townsville.
34. Fergusson C.L., Henderson R.A., Withnall I.W., Fanning C.M. The structural history of the Greenvale Province, north Queensland: Early Palaeozoic extension and convergence on the Pacific margin of Gondwana. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 2007, 54:573-595.
35. Fergusson C.L., Henderson R.A., Fanning C.M., Withnall I.W. Detrital zircon ages in Neoproterozoic to Ordovician siliciclastic rocks, northeastern Australia: implications for the tectonic history of the East Gondwana continental margin. Journal of the Geological Society of London 2007, 164:215-225.
36. Foster D.R.W., Austin J.R. The 1800-1610Ma stratigraphic and magmatic history of the Eastern Succession, Mount Isa Inlier, and correlations with adjacent Paleoproterozoic terranes. Precambrian Research 2008, 163:7-30.
37. Gibson G.M., Rubenach M.J., Neumann N.L., Southgate P.N., Hutton L.J. Syn- and post-extensional tectonic activity in the Palaeoproterozoic sequences of Broken Hill and Mount Isa and its bearing on reconstructions of Rodinia. Precambrian Research 2008, 166:350-369.
38. Gibson G.M., Hutton L.J., Korsch R.J., Huston D.L., Murphy F.C., Withnall I.W., Jupp B., Stewart L. Deep seismic reflection imaging of a Paleoproterozoic-Early Mesoproterozoic rift basin succession and related Pb-Zn mineral province: the Mount Isa Inlier. Geoscience Australia Record 2010, 2010/24:50. D.F. Finlayson (Ed.).
39. Giles D., Betts P.G., Lister G.S. A continental backarc setting for the Early Proterozoic basins of north-eastern Australia. Geology 2002, 30:823-826.
40. Glikson A.Y., Derrick G.M. Geology and geochemistry of Middle Proterozoic basic volcanic belts, Mount Isa/Cloncurry, northwest Queensland. Bureau of Mineral Resources Record 1978, 1978/48.
41. Goleby B.R., MacCready T., Drummond B.J., Goncharov A. The Mount Isa geodynamic transect - crustal implications. American Geophysical Union Geodynamics Series 1998, 26:109-118. J. Braun, J. Dooley, B. Goleby, R. van der Hilst (Eds.).
42. Griffin W.L., Belousova E.A., Walters S.G., O'Reilly S.Y. Archaean and Proterozoic crustal evolution in the Eastern Succession of the Mt Isa district, Australia: U-Pb and Hf-isotope studies of detrital zircons. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 2006, 53(1):125-149.
43. Hammer P.T.C., Clowes R.M., Cook F.A., van der Velden A.J., Vasudevan K. The Lithoprobe trans-continental lithospheric cross sections: imaging the internal structure of the North American continent. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 2010, 47:821-857.
44. Henderson R.A. Geology of the Mount Winsor Subprovince - a Lower Palaeozoic volcano-sedimentary terrane in the northern Tasman Orogenic Zone. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 1986, 33:343-364.
45. Henderson R.A. An oblique subduction and transform faulting model for the evolution of the Broken River Province. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 1987, 34:237-249.
46. Henderson R.A., Withnall I.W. Phanerozoic geology of North Queensland. Australian Institute of Geoscientists Bulletin 2009, 49:135-136.
47. Henderson R.A., Davis B.K., Fanning C.M. Stratigraphy, age relationships and tectonic setting of rift-phase infill in the Drummond Basin, central Queensland. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 1998, 45(4):579-595.
48. Henderson R.A., Innes B.M., Fergusson C.L., Crawford A.J., Withnall I.W. Collisional accretion of a Late Ordovician island arc, northern Tasman Orogenic Zone, Australia. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 2011, 58:1-19.
49. Henson P.A., Blewett R.S., Chopping R., Champion D.C., Korsch R.J., Huston D.L., Nicoll M.G., Brennan T., Roy I., Hutton L.J., Withnall I.W. 3D Geological map of North Queensland. Australian Institute of Geoscientists Bulletin 2009, 49:175-179.
50. Hildebrand R.S., Bowring S.A. Crustal recycling by slab failure. Geology 1999, 27:11-14.
51. Hill D. Geology. Handbook of Queensland 1951, 13-24. Australian Association for the Advancement of Science, Brisbane. G. Mack (Ed.).
52. Hone I.G., Carberry V.P., Reith H.G. Physical property measurements on rock samples from the Mount Isa Inlier, northwest Queensland. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Report 1987, 265.
53. Hutton L.J., Korsch R.J. Deep seismic reflection interpretations, Mount Isa and Isa-Georgetown surveys. Queensland Geological Record 2008, 2008/06:17-22.
54. Jackson M.J., Scott D.L., Rawlings D.J. Stratigraphic framework for the Leichhardt and Calvert Superbasins: review and correlations of the pre-1700Ma successions between Mt Isa and McArthur River. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 2000, 47:381-404.
55. Jell, P. (Ed.), in press. The geology of Queensland. Department of Employment, Energy, Development and Innovation, Queensland.
56. Johnson S.E., Henderson R.A. Tectonic development of the Drummond Basin, eastern Australia: backarc extension and inversion in a late Palaeozoic active margin setting. Basin Research 1991, 3:197-213.
57. Jones L., Maher J., Costelloe R., Holzschuh J., Nakamura A., Saygin E. 2007 Isa-Georgetown-Charters towers seismic survey - acquisition and processing. Australian Institute of Geoscientists Bulletin 2009, 49:149-152.
58. Korsch R.J., Moore D.H., Cayley R.A., Costelloe R.D., Nakamura A., Rawling T.J., Morand V.J., O'Shea P.J. Crustal architecture of central Victoria: results from the 2006 deep crustal reflection seismic survey. Geological Society of Australia Abstracts 2008, 89:155.
59. Korsch R.J., Preiss W.V., Blewett R.S., Cowley W.M., Neumann N.L., Fabris A.J., Fraser G.L., Dutch R., Fomin T., Holzschuh J., Fricke C.E., Reid A.J., Carr L.K., Bendall B.R. Deep seismic reflection transect from the western Eyre Peninsula in South Australia to the Darling Basin in New South Wales: Geodynamic implications. Geoscience Australia Record 2010, 2010/10:105-116. R.J. Korsch, N. Kositcin (Eds.).
60. Korsch R.J., Struckmeyer H.I.M., Kirkby A., Hutton L.J., Carr L.K., Hoffmann K.L., Chopping R., Roy I.G., Fitzell M., Totterdell J.M., Nicoll M.G., Talebi B. Energy potential of the Millungera Basin: a newly discovered basin in north Queensland. The APPEA Journal 2011, 51:295-332.
61. Kositcin N., Champion D.C., Huston D.L. Geodynamic synthesis of the North Queensland region and implications for metallogeny. Geoscience Australia Record 2009, 2009/30.
62. Lambeck A., Huston D., Neumann N., Barovich K., Hand M. Reconstruction of the Australia-Laurentia link at 1650 Ma: constraints from Sm-Nd data from the Georgetown, Mount Isa, Curnamona, Yavapai and Mazatzal Provinces. Geological Society of Australia Abstracts 2010, 97:39. C.D. Quinn, N.R. Daczko (Eds.).
63. Lambeck A., Barovich K., Gibson G., Huston D., Pisarevsky S. An abrupt change in Nd isotopic composition in Australian basins at 1655 Ma: implications for the tectonic evolution of Australia and its place in NUNA. Precambrian Research. 2012, 208-211:213-221.
64. Lang S.C., Jell J.A., Draper J.J. Depositional evolution of the Devonian-Carboniferous intracratonic Burdekin Basin, north Queensland. Proceedings Volume III, Pacific Rim 90 Congress 1990, 791-800. Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Melbourne.
65. Langbein C., Blenkinsop T. Rock properties along the NE Queensland seismic lines. Report 2009, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville.
66. Lilley F.E.M., Wang L.J., Chamalaun F.H., Ferguson I.J. Carpentaria electrical conductivity anomaly, Queensland, as a major structure in the Australian plate. Geological Society of Australia Special Publication 22, and Geological Society of America Special Publication 2003, 372:141-156.
67. Liu S.F. Basement geology of northern Queensland (first edition), 1:1000000 scale 2009, Geoscience Australia.
68. MacCready T., Goleby B.R., Goncharov A., Drummond B.J., Lister G.S. A framework of overprinting orogens based on interpretation of the Mount Isa deep seismic transect. Economic Geology 1998, 93:1422-1434.
69. McConachie B.A., Dunster J.N., Wellman P., Pain C.F., Habermehl M.A., Draper J.J. Carpentaria lowlands and Gulf of Carpentaria regions. Australian Geological Survey Organisation Bulletin 240/Queensland Geology 1997, 9:365-397. J.C.H. Bain, J.J. Draper (Eds.).
70. McDonald G.D., Collerson K.D., Kinny P.D. Late Archean and early Proterozoic crustal evolution of the Mount Isa block, northwest Queensland, Australia. Geology 1997, 25:1095-1098.
71. McGeary S., Warner M. Seismic profiling the continental lithosphere. Nature 1986, 317:795-797.
72. Meixner A.J., Chopping R. Validating North Queensland seismic interpretations through gravity forward modelling. Geoscience Australia Record 2009, 2009/29:26-30. R. Chopping, P.A. Henson (Eds.).
73. Murgulov V., Beyer E., Griffin W.L., O'Reilly S.Y., Walters S.G., Stephens D. Crustal evolution in the Georgetown Inlier, North Queensland, Australia: a detrital zircon grain study. Chemical Geology 2007, 245:198-218.
74. Myers J.S., Shaw R.D., Tyler I.M. Tectonic evolution of Proterozoic Australia. Tectonics 1996, 15:1431-1446.
75. Neumann N.L., Kositcin N. New SHRIMP U-Pb zircon ages from North Queensland 2007-2010. Geoscience Australia Record 2011, 2011/38.
76. O'Dea M.G., Lister G.S., MacCready T., Betts P.G., Oliver N.H.S., Pound K.S., Huang W., Valenta R.K. Geodynamic evolution of the Proterozoic Mount Isa terrain. Geological Society of London Special Publication 1997, 121:99-122. J.-P. Burg, M. Ford (Eds.).
77. Olgers F. Geology of the Drummond Basin, Queensland. Bureau of Mineral Resources Bulletin 1972, 130.
78. Shaw R.D., Fawckner J.F., Bultitude R.J. The Palmerville Fault system; a major imbricate thrust system in the northern Tasmanides, North Queensland. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 1987, 34:69-93.
79. Shergold J.H., Druce E.C. Upper Proterozoic and Lower Palaeozoic rocks of the Georgina Basin. The geology and geophysics of northeastern Australia 1980, 149-174. Geological Society of Australia, Queensland Division. R.A. Henderson, P.J. Stephenson (Eds.).
80. Smart J., Senior B.R. Jurassic-Cretaceous basins of northeastern Australia. The geology and geophysics of northeastern Australia 1980, 315-328. Geological Society of Australia, Queensland Division. R.A. Henderson, P.J. Stephenson (Eds.).
81. van der Velden A.J., Cook F.A. Proterozoic and Cenozoic subduction complexes: a comparison of geometric features. Tectonics 1999, 18(4):575-581.
82. Vos I.M.A., Bierlein F.P., Barlow M.A., Betts P.G. Resolving the nature and geometry of major fault systems from geophysical and structural analysis: the Palmerville Fault in NE Queensland, Australia. Journal of Structural Geology 2006, 28:2097-2108.
83. Vos I.M.A., Bierlein F.P., Webb J. Geochemistry of Early-Middle Palaeozoic basalts in the Hodgkinson Province: a key to tectono-magmatic evolution of the Tasman Fold Belt System in northeastern Queensland, Australia. International Journal of Earth Sciences 2006, 95:569-585.
84. Wellman P. The structure of the Mount Isa region inferred from gravity and magnetic anomalies. Exploration Geophysics 1992, 23:417-423.
85. Wellman P. Geophysical characteristics. Australian Geological Survey Organisation Bulletin 240/Queensland Geology 1997, 9:366-371. J.H.C. Bain, J.J. Draper (Eds.).
86. Williams N.C., Roy I.G., Chopping R. Inverse modelling of potential field data. Geoscience Australia, Record 2009, 2009/29:35-52. R. Chopping, P.A. Henson (Eds.).
87. Wilson I.H. Volcanism on a Proterozoic continental margin in northwestern Queensland. Precambrian Research 1978, 7:205-235.
88. Withnall I.W. Stratigraphy, structure and metamorphism of the Proterozoic Etheridge and Langlovale Groups, central Georgetown Inlier, north Queensland. Geological Survey of Queensland Record 1984, 1984/59.
89. Withnall I.W. Precambrian and Palaeozoic Geology of the southeastern Georgetown Inlier. Queensland Department of Mines, Report 1989, 2:1-102.
90. Withnall, I.W., Henderson, R.A., in press. Contractional accretion on the long-lived continental margin of northeastern Australia. In: Scott, K., Jell, P. (Eds), Australasian Special Issue, Episodes.
91. Withnall I.W., Lang S.C. Geology of the Broken River Province, north Queensland. Queensland Geology 1993, 4.
92. Withnall I.W., Mackenzie D.E., Denaro T.J., Bain J.H.C., Oversby B.S., Knutson J., Donchak P.J.T., Champion D.C., Wellman P., Cruikshank B.I., Sun S.S., Pain C.F. Georgetown Region. Australian Geological Survey Organisation Bulletin 240/Queensland Geology 1997, 9:19-116. J.H.C. Bain, J.J. Draper (Eds.).
93. Withnall I.W., Neumann N.L., Lambeck A. Paleoproterozoic to Mesoproterozoic geology of North Queensland. Australian Institute of Geoscientists Bulletin 2009, 49:129-133.
94. Wyborn L.A.I. Petrology, geochemistry and origin of a major Australian 1880-1840Ma felsic volcano-plutonic suite: a model for intracontinental felsic magma generation. Precambrian Research 1988, 40(41):37-60.
95. Zucchetto R.G., Henderson R.A., Bavis B.K., Wysoczanski R. Age constraints on deformation of the eastern Hodgkinson Province, north Queensland: new perspectives on the evolution of the northern Tasman Orogenic Zone. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 1999, 46:105-114.