Bony metastases: Assessing response to therapy with whole-body diffusion MRI

Cancer Imaging

Volumn 11, Issue SPEC. ISS. A, 2011, Pages

  Padhani, A R ^a   Gogbashian, A ^a  

^a MOUNT VERNON CANCER CENTRE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Bone metastases; Diffusion MRI; DW MRI; Therapy response; WB DWI

Indexed keywords

BIOLOGICAL MARKER; DIAGNOSTIC AGENT; FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE F 18;

BIOPHYSICS; BONE METASTASIS; CLINICAL ASSESSMENT; HUMAN; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; REVIEW; TREATMENT OUTCOME; TREATMENT RESPONSE; WHOLE BODY MRI; BONE MARROW; BONE TUMOR; DIFFUSION WEIGHTED IMAGING; METASTASIS; METHODOLOGY; PATHOLOGY; WHOLE BODY IMAGING;

BONE MARROW; BONE NEOPLASMS; DIFFUSION MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE F18; HUMANS; WHOLE BODY IMAGING;

EID: 84866759525     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14707330     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1102/1470-7330.2011.9034     Document Type: Review

References (80)

1. Abrams HL, Spiro R, Goldstein N. Metastases in carcinoma; analysis of 1000 autopsied cases. Cancer 1950; 3: 74-85. doi:10.1002/1097-0142(1950)3:1574:: AID-CNCR2820030111-43.0.CO;2-7.
2. Carlin BI, Andriole GL. The natural history, skeletal complications, and management of bone metastases in patients with prostate carcinoma. Cancer 2000; 88: 2989-94. doi:10.1002/ 1097-0142(20000615)88:12+52989::AID-CNCR1443.0.CO;2-Q. (Pubitemid 30413181)
3. Coleman RE. Clinical features of metastatic bone disease and risk of skeletal morbidity. Clin Cancer Res 2006; 12: 6243s-9s. doi:10.1158/1078-0432. CCR-06-0931. (Pubitemid 44703797)
4. Pavlakis N, Schmidt R, Stockler M. Bisphosphonates for breast cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005: CD003474.
5. Body JJ, Bartl R, Burckhardt P, et al. Current use of bisphosphonates in oncology. International Bone and Cancer Study Group. J Clin Oncol 1998; 16: 3890-9. (Pubitemid 29001543)
6. Lipton A, Small E, Saad F, et al. The new bisphosphonate, Zometa-(zoledronic acid), decreases skeletal complications in both osteolytic and osteoblastic lesions: a comparison to pamidronate. Cancer Invest 2002; 20: 45-54. doi:10.1081/CNV-120014886. (Pubitemid 35303443)
7. Santini D, Galluzzo S, Zoccoli A, et al. New molecular targets in bone metastases. Cancer Treat Rev 2010; 36(Suppl 3), S6-10. doi:10.1016/S0305- 7372(10)70013-X.
8. Vallet S, Smith MR, Raje N. Novel bone-targeted strategies in oncology. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 16: 4084-93. doi:10.1158/ 1078-0432.CCR-10-0600.
9. Clamp A, Danson S, Nguyen H, Cole D, Clemons M. Assessment of therapeutic response in patients with metastatic bone disease. Lancet Oncol 2004; 5: 607-16. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(04)-01596-7. (Pubitemid 39303128)
10. Scher HI, Halabi S, Tannock I, et al. Design and end points of clinical trials for patients with progressive prostate cancer and castrate levels of testosterone: recommendations of the Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials Working Group. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26: 1148-59. doi:10.1200/JCO.2007.12.4487.
11. Hamaoka T, Madewell JE, Podoloff DA, Hortobagyi GN, Ueno NT. Bone imaging in metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2004; 22: 2942-53. doi:10.1200/JCO.2004.08.181. (Pubitemid 41079914)
12. Duffy MJ, Evoy D, McDermott EW. CA 15-3: uses and limitation as a biomarker for breast cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2010; 411: 1869-74. doi:10.1016/j.cca.2010.08.039.
13. Duffy MJ. Serum tumor markers in breast cancer: are they of clinical value? Clin Chem 2006; 52: 345-51. doi:10.1373/ clinchem.2005.059832.
14. Demers LM, Costa L, Lipton A. Biochemical markers and skeletal metastases. Cancer 2000; 88: 2919-26. doi:10.1002/1097-0142(20000615)88: 12+52919::AID-CNCR743.0.CO;2-Z. (Pubitemid 30413174)
15. Dotan E, Cohen SJ, Alpaugh KR, Meropol NJ. Circulating tumor cells: evolving evidence and future challenges. Oncologist 2009; 14: 1070-82. doi:10.1634/theoncologist.2009-0094.
16. Budd GT, Cristofanilli M, Ellis MJ, et al. Circulating tumor cells versus imaging-predicting overall survival in metastatic breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2006; 12: 6403-9. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-1769. (Pubitemid 44799711)
17. Saad A, Kanate A, Sehbai A, Marano G, Hobbs G, Abraham J. Correlation among [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography, cancer antigen 27.29, and circulating tumor cell testing in metastatic breast cancer. Clin Breast Cancer 2008; 8: 357-61. doi:10.3816/CBC-.2008.n.042.
18. De Giorgi U, Mego M, Rohren EM, et al. 18F-FDG PET/CT findings and circulating tumor cell counts in the monitoring of systemic therapies for bone metastases from breast cancer. J Nucl Med 2010; 51: 1213-8. doi:10.2967/jnumed. 110.076455.
19. Coleman RE, Mashiter G, Whitaker KB, Moss DW, Rubens RD, Fogelman I. Bone scan flare predicts successful systemic therapy for bone metastases. J Nucl Med 1988; 29: 1354-9.
20. Ryan CJ, Shah SK, Efstathiou E, et al. Phase II study of abiraterone acetate in chemotherapy-naive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer displaying bone flare discordant with serologic response. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17: 4854-61. doi:10.1158/ 1078-0432.CCR-11-0815.
21. Costelloe CM, Chuang HH, Madewell JE, Ueno NT. Cancer response criteria and bone metastases: RECIST 1.1, MDA and PERCIST. J Cancer 2010; 1: 80-92.
22. Bauerle T, Semmler W. Imaging response to systemic therapy for bone metastases. Eur Radiol 2009; 19: 2495-507. doi:10.1007/ s00330-009-1443-1.
23. Messiou C, Cook G, deSouza NM. Imaging metastatic bone disease from carcinoma of the prostate. Br J Cancer 2009; 101: 1225-32. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc. 6605334.
24. Messiou C, Cook G, Reid AH, et al. The CT flare response of metastatic bone disease in prostate cancer. Acta Radiol 2011; 52: 557-61. doi:10.1258/ar.2011.100342.
25. Cook GJ. PET and PET/CT imaging of skeletal metastases. Cancer Imaging 2010; 10: 1-8.
26. Iagaru A, Mittra E, Dick DW, Gambhir SS. Prospective evaluation of (99m)Tc MDP scintigraphy, (18)F NaF PET/CT, and (18)F FDG PET/CT for detection of skeletal metastases. Mol Imaging Biol 2011; doi:10.1007/s11307-011-0486-2.
27. McCarthy M, Siew T, Campbell A, et al. 18)F-Fluoromethylcholine (FCH) PET imaging in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer: prospective comparison with standard imaging. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2011; 38: 14-22. doi:10.1007/ s00259-010-1579-x.
28. Cook G, Houston S, Rubens R, Maisey M, Fogelman I. Detection of bone metastases in breast cancer by 18FDG PET: differing metabolic activity in osteoblastic and osteolytic lesions. J Clin Oncol 1998; 16: 3375-9. (Pubitemid 28481635)
29. Fogelman I, Cook G, Israel O, Van der Wall H. Positron emission tomography and bone metastases. Semin Nucl Med 2005; 35: 135-42. doi:10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2004.11.005. (Pubitemid 40568746)
30. Mortimer JE, Dehdashti F, Siegel BA, Trinkaus K, Katzenellenbogen JA, Welch MJ. Metabolic flare: indicator of hormone responsiveness in advanced breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2001; 19: 2797-803. (Pubitemid 32538187)
31. Schmidt GP, Reiser MF, Baur-Melnyk A. Whole-body MRI for the staging and follow-up of patients with metastasis. Eur J Radiol 2009; 70: 393-400. doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2009.03.045.
32. Messiou C, deSouza NM. Diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging of metastatic bone disease: a biomarker for treatment response monitoring. Cancer Biomark 2010; 6: 21-32.
33. Vanel D, Casadei R, Alberghini M, Razgallah M, Busacca M, Albisinni U. MR imaging of bone metastases and choice of sequence: spin echo, in-phase gradient echo, diffusion, and contrast medium. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2009; 13: 97-103. doi:10.1055/s-0029-1220880.
34. Messiou C, Collins DJ, Morgan VA, et al. Quantifying sclerotic bone metastases with 2D ultra short TE MRI: a feasibility study. Cancer Biomark 2010; 7: 211-18.
35. Biffar A, Dietrich O, Sourbron S, Duerr HR, Reiser MF, Baur-Melnyk A. Diffusion and perfusion imaging of bone marrow. Eur J Radiol 2010; 76: 323-8. doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2010.03.011.
36. Padhani AR, Koh DM, Collins DJ. Whole body diffusion MR imaging in cancer-current status and research directions. Radiology 2011in press.
37. Padhani AR, Liu G, Koh DM, et al. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging as a cancer biomarker: consensus and recommendations. Neoplasia 2009; 11: 102-25.
38. Padhani AR, Koh DM. Diffusion MR imaging for monitoring of treatment response. Magn Reson Imaging Clin North Am 2011; 19: 181-209. doi:10.1016/j.mric.2010.10.004.
39. Manenti G, Di Roma M, Mancino S, et al. Malignant renal neoplasms: correlation between ADC values and cellularity in diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging at 3 T. Radiol Med (Torino) 2008; 113: 199-213. doi:10.1007/s11547-008-0246-9. (Pubitemid 351666954)
40. Hayashida Y, Hirai T, Morishita S, et al. Diffusion-weighted imaging of metastatic brain tumors: comparison with histologic type and tumor cellularity. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2006; 27: 1419-25. (Pubitemid 44260120)
41. Humphries PD, Sebire NJ, Siegel MJ, Olsen OE. Tumors in pediatric patients at diffusion-weighted MR imaging: apparent diffusion coefficient and tumor cellularity. Radiology 2007; 245: 848-54. doi:10.1148/radiol.2452061535. (Pubitemid 350127356)
42. Zelhof B, Pickles M, Liney G, et al. Correlation of diffusionweighted magnetic resonance data with cellularity in prostate cancer. BJU Int 2009; 103: 883-8. doi:10.1111/j.1464-410X-.2008.08130.x.
43. Liu Y, Bai R, Sun H, Liu H, Wang D. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of uterine cervical cancer. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2009; 33: 858-62. doi:10.1097/RCT-.0b013e31819e93af.
44. Sugahara T, Korogi Y, Kochi M, et al. Usefulness of diffusionweighted MRI with echo-planar technique in the evaluation of cellularity in gliomas. J Magn Reson Imaging 1999; 9: 53-60. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1522-2586(199901)9:1553::AID- JMRI74-3.0.CO;2-2. (Pubitemid 29068231)
45. Lyng H, Haraldseth O, Rofstad EK. Measurement of cell density and necrotic fraction in human melanoma xenografts by diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Magn Reson Med 2000; 43: 828-36. doi:10.1002/1522- 2594(200006)43:65828::AIDMRM843.0. CO;2-P. (Pubitemid 30387603)
46. Ellingson BM, Malkin MG, Rand SD, et al. Validation of functional diffusion maps (fDMs) as a biomarker for human glioma cellularity. J Magn Reson Imaging 2010; 31: 538-48. doi:10.1002/jmri.22068.
47. Guo AC, Cummings TJ, Dash RC, Provenzale JM. Lymphomas and high-grade astrocytomas: comparison of water diffusibility and histologic characteristics. Radiology 2002; 224: 177-83. doi:10.1148/radiol.2241010637. (Pubitemid 34680392)
48. Matsubayashi RN, Fujii T, Yasumori K, Muranaka T, Momosaki S. Apparent diffusion coefficient in invasive ductal breast carcinoma: correlation with detailed histologic features and the enhancement ratio on dynamic contrast-enhanced MR images. J Oncol 2010; doi:10.1155/2010/821048.
49. Wang Y, Chen ZE, Yaghmai V, et al. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging in pancreatic endocrine tumors correlated with histopathologic characteristics. J Magn Reson Imaging 2011; 33: 1071-9. doi:10.1002/jmri.22541.
50. Nonomura Y, Yasumoto M, Yoshimura R, et al. Relationship between bone marrow cellularity and apparent diffusion coefficient. J Magn Reson Imaging 2001; 13: 757-60. doi:10.1002/ jmri.1105. (Pubitemid 32381854)
51. Tang GY, Lv ZW, Tang RB, et al. Evaluation of MR spectroscopy and diffusion-weighted MRI in detecting bone marrow changes in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Clin Radiol 2010; 65: 377-81. doi:10.1016/j.crad.2009.12.011.
52. Hillengass J, Bauerle T, Bartl R, et al. Diffusion-weighted imaging for non-invasive and quantitative monitoring of bone marrow infiltration in patients with monoclonal plasma cell disease: a comparative study with histology. Br J Haematol 2011; 153: 721-8. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2011.08658.x.
53. Chan JH, Peh WC, Tsui EY, et al. Acute vertebral body compression fractures: discrimination between benign and malignant causes using apparent diffusion coefficients. Br J Radiol 2002; 75: 207-14. (Pubitemid 34436272)
54. Messiou C, Collins DJ, Morgan VA, Desouza NM. Optimising diffusion weighted MRI for imaging metastatic and myeloma bone disease and assessing reproducibility. Eur Radiol 2011; 21: 1713-18. doi:10.1007/s00330-011-2116-4.
55. Chen WT, Shih TT, Chen RC, et al. Vertebral bone marrow perfusion evaluated with dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging: significance of aging and sex. Radiology 2001; 220: 213-18.
56. Chen WT, Shih TT, Chen RC, et al. Blood perfusion of vertebral lesions evaluated with gadolinium-enhanced dynamic MRI: in comparison with compression fracture and metastasis. J Magn Reson Imaging 2002; 15: 308-14. doi:10.1002/jmri.10063. (Pubitemid 34195127)
57. Pui MH, Mitha A, Rae WI, Corr P. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of spinal infection and malignancy. J Neuroimaging 2005; 15: 164-70. doi:10.1111/j.1552-6569.2005.tb00302.x. (Pubitemid 40388321)
58. Hwang S, Panicek DM. Magnetic resonance imaging of bone marrow in oncology, Part 1. Skeletal Radiol 2007; 36: 913-20. doi:10.1007/s00256-007-0309- 3. (Pubitemid 47423260)
59. Laor T, Jaramillo D. MR imaging insights into skeletal maturation: what is normal? Radiology 2009; 250: 28-38. doi:10.1148/ radiol.2501071322.
60. Goodsitt MM, Hoover P, Veldee MS, Hsueh SL. The composition of bone marrow for a dual-energy quantitative computed tomography technique. A cadaver and computer simulation study. Invest Radiol 1994; 29: 695-704. doi:10.1097/00004424-199407000-00006. (Pubitemid 24258265)
61. Vogler JB,, 3rd Murphy WA. Bone marrow imaging. Radiology 1988; 168: 679-93.
62. Schellinger D, Lin CS, Fertikh D, et al. Normal lumbar vertebrae: anatomic, age, and sex variance in subjects at proton MR spectroscopy: initial experience. Radiology 2000; 215: 910-16. (Pubitemid 30346040)
63. Syed FA, Oursler MJ, Hefferanm TE, Peterson JM, Riggs BL, Khosla S. Effects of estrogen therapy on bone marrow adipocytes in postmenopausal osteoporotic women. Osteoporos Int 2008; 19: 1323-30. doi:10.1007/s00198-008- 0574-6.
64. Ballon D, Watts R, Dyke JP, et al. Imaging therapeutic response in human bone marrow using rapid whole-body MRI. Magn Reson Med 2004; 52: 1234-8. doi:10.1002/mrm.20291. (Pubitemid 39612810)
65. Fletcher BD, Wall JE, Hanna SL. Effect of hematopoietic growth factors on MR images of bone marrow in children undergoing chemotherapy. Radiology 1993; 189: 745-51. (Pubitemid 23354490)
66. Kwee TC, Takahara T, Ochiai R, et al. Whole-body diffusionweighted magnetic resonance imaging. Eur J Radiol 2009; 70: 409-17. doi:10.1016/j.ejrad. 2009.03.054.
67. Fischer MA, Nanz D, Hany T, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of whole-body MRI/DWI image fusion for detection of malignant tumours: a comparison with PET/CT. Eur Radiol 2011; 21: 246-55. doi:10.1007/s00330-010-1929-x.
68. Goudarzi B, Kishimoto R, Komatsu S, et al. Detection of bone metastases using diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging: comparison with (11)C-methionine PET and bone scintigraphy. Magn Reson Imaging 2010; 28: 372-9. doi:10.1016/ j.mri.2009.12.008.
69. Luboldt W, Kufer R, Blumstein N, et al. Prostate carcinoma: diffusion-weighted imaging as potential alternative to conventional MR and 11C-choline PET/CT for detection of bone metastases. Radiology 2008; 249: 1017-25. doi:10.1148/ radiol.2492080038.
70. Gutzeit A, Doert A, Froehlich JM, et al. Comparison of diffusionweighted whole body MRI and skeletal scintigraphy for the detection of bone metastases in patients with prostate or breast carcinoma. Skeletal Radiol 2010; 39: 333-43. doi:10.1007/s00256-009-0789-4.
71. Wu LM, Gu HY, Zheng J, et al. Diagnostic value of whole-body magnetic resonance imaging for bone metastases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Magn Reson Imaging 2011; 34: 128-35. doi:10.1002/jmri.22608.
72. Kwee TC, Takahara T, Niwa T. Diffusion-weighted whole-body imaging with background body signal suppression facilitates detection and evaluation of an anterior rib contusion. Clin Imaging 2010; 34: 298-301. doi:10.1016/j.clinimag. 2009.07.006.
73. Eiber M, Holzapfel K, Ganter C, et al. Whole-body MRI including diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) for patients with recurring prostate cancer: technical feasibility and assessment of lesion conspicuity in DWI. J Magn Reson Imaging 2011; 33: 1160-70. doi:10.1002/jmri.22542.
74. Messiou C, Collins DJ, Giles S, et al. Assessing response in bone metastases in prostate cancer with diffusion weighted MRI. Eur Radiol 2011; doi:10.1007/s00330-011-2173-8.
75. Edinger AL, Thompson CB. Death by design: apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2004; 16: 663-9. doi:10.1016/j.ceb.2004.09.011. (Pubitemid 39463117)
76. Reischauer C, Froehlich JM, Koh DM, et al. Bone metastases from prostate cancer: assessing treatment response by using diffusion-weighted imaging and functional diffusion maps-initial observations. Radiology 2010; 257: 523-31. doi:10.1148/ radiol.10092469.
77. Messiou C, Collins D, Morgan V, et al. ADC changes with time in focal and diffuse myleoma bone disease as indicators of disease response and progression. Proceedings of the Joint Meeting of International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine and the European Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine and Biology. Stockholm, 2010; p. 1716.
78. Lee KC, Bradley DA, Hussain M, et al. A feasibility study evaluating the functional diffusion map as a predictive imaging biomarker for detection of treatment response in a patient with metastatic prostate cancer to the bone. Neoplasia 2007; 9: 1003-11. doi:10.1593/neo.07954. (Pubitemid 350255347)
79. Ballon D, Dyke J, Schwartz LH, et al. Bone marrow segmentation in leukemia using diffusion and T(2) weighted echo planar magnetic resonance imaging. NMR Biomed 2000; 13: 321-8. doi:10.1002/1099-1492(200010)13:65321::AID- NBM6514-3.3.CO;2-G.
80. Byun WM, Shin SO, Chang Y, Lee SJ, Finsterbusch J, Frahm J. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of metastatic disease of the spine: assessment of response to therapy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2002; 23: 906-12. (Pubitemid 34663429)