False-negative post-18-month confirmatory HIV tests in HIV DNA PCR-positive children: A retrospective analysis

AIDS

Volumn 26, Issue 15, 2012, Pages 1927-1934

  Garcia Prats, Anthony J ^a   Draper, Heather R ^a   Sanders, Jill E ^a   Agrawal, Anurag K ^a   Mohapi, Edith Q ^a   Schutze, Gordon E ^a  

^a TEXAS CHILDREN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

diagnosis; false negative; HIV; HIV antibodies; HIV 1 DNA; PCR; pediatric

Indexed keywords

ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS ANTIBODY; LAMIVUDINE; NEVIRAPINE; VIRUS DNA; ZIDOVUDINE;

ARTICLE; CHILD; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; ENZYME LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY; FALSE NEGATIVE RESULT; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTED PATIENT; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; INFANT; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; TREATMENT RESPONSE; WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION;

ANTI-HIV AGENTS; DNA, VIRAL; DRUG ADMINISTRATION SCHEDULE; FALSE NEGATIVE REACTIONS; FEMALE; HIV; HIV ANTIBODIES; HIV SEROPOSITIVITY; HUMANS; INFANT; INFANT, NEWBORN; LESOTHO; MALE; NUCLEIC ACID AMPLIFICATION TECHNIQUES; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; REAGENT KITS, DIAGNOSTIC; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 84866735179     PISSN: 02699370     EISSN: 14735571     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/QAD.0b013e32835705bf     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. World Health Organization. Antiretroviral therapy of HIV infection in infants and children in resource-limited settings: toward universal access. Recommendations for a public health approach. Geneva: WHO; 2006. http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2007/9789241594691-eng.pdf. [Accessed 15 August 2006]
2. Working Group on Antiretroviral Therapy and Medical Management of HIV-Infected Children. Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in pediatric HIV infection. 2009. pp. 1-139.
3. http://aidsinfo.nih.gov/ContentFiles/PediatricGuidelines.pdf. [Accessed 18 July 2010]
4. PENTA Steering Committee. PENTA 2009 guidelines for the use of antiretroviral therapy in paediatric HIV infection. HIV Med 2009; 10:591-613.
5. World Health Organization. WHO recommendations on the diagnosis of HIV infection in infants and children. Geneva: WHO; 2010. http://whqlibdoc.who.int/ publications/2010/9789241599085-eng.pdf. [Accessed 27 August 2010]
6. Ministry of Health and Social Welfare (MOHSW) (Lesotho), Bureau of Statistics (BOS) (Lesotho), ORC Macro 2005. Lesotho demographic and health survey 2004. Calverton, Maryland: MOH, BOS, and ORC Macro.
7. United Nations Children's Fund. Children and AIDS: fifth stocktaking report, 2010. UNICEF; 2010. http://www.unicef. org/publications/files/Children- And-AIDS-Fifth-Stocktaking-Report-2010-EN.pdf. [Accessed 10 November 2011]
8. Lee KJ, Carlin JB. Multiple imputation for missing data: fully conditional specification versus multivariate normal imputation. Am J Epidemiol 2010; 171:624-632.
9. White IR, Royston P, Wood AM. Multiple imputation using chained equations: issues and guidance for practice. Stat Med 2011; 30:377-399.
10. Hamill PV, Drizd TA, Johnson CL, Reed RB, Roche AF. NCHS growth curves for children birth: 18 years, United States. DHEW Publ. No (PHS) 78-1650. Vital Health Stat [11] 1977; (165):i-iv,1-74.
11. Hare CB, Pappalardo BL, Busch MP, Karlsson AC, Phelps BH, Alexander SS, et al. Seroreversion in subjects receiving antiretroviral therapy during acute/early HIV infection. Clin Infect Dis 2006; 42:700-708. (Pubitemid 43271387)
12. Kassutto S, Johnston MN, Rosenberg ES. Incomplete HIV type 1 antibody evolution and seroreversion in acutely infected individuals treated with early antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis 2005; 40:868-873. (Pubitemid 40365508)
13. Zanchetta M, Anselmi A, Vendrame D, Rampon O, Giaguinto C, Mazza A, et al. Early therapy in HIV-1-infected children: effect on HIV-1 dynamics and HIV-1-specific immune response. Antivir Ther 2008; 13:47-55. (Pubitemid 351541673)
14. Hainut M, Peltier CA, Goetghebuer T, Van der Linden D, Marissens D, Zissis G, et al. Seroreversion in children infected with HIV type 1 who are treated in the first months of life is not a rare event [letter]. Clin Infect Dis 2005; 41:1820-1821. (Pubitemid 41759872)
15. Luzuriaga K, Bryson Y, Krogstad P, Robinson J, Stechneberg B, Lamson M, et al. Combination treatment with zidovudine, didanosine, and nevirapine in infants with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. N Engl J Med 1997; 336:1343-1349. (Pubitemid 27208617)
16. Claassen M, van Zyl GU, Korsman SN, Smit L, Cotton MF, Preiser W. Pitfalls with rapid HIV antibody testing in HIVinfected children in the Western Cape, South Africa. J Clin Virol 2006; 37:68-71. (Pubitemid 44294872)
17. Luzuriaga K, McManus M, Catalina M. Early therapy of vertical human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection: control of viral replication and absence of persistent HIV-1-specific immune responses. J Virol 2000; 74:6984-6991. (Pubitemid 30470681)
18. Luzuriaga K, Holmes D, Hereema A, Wong J, Panicali DL, Sullivan JL. HIV-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses in the first year of life. J Immunol 1995; 154:433-443.
19. Luzuriaga K, Koup RA, Pikora CA, Brettler DB, Sullivan JL. Deficient human immunodeficiency virus type 1-specific cytotoxic T cell responses in vertically infected children. J Pediatr 1991; 119:230-236.
20. Black V, von Mollendorf C, Moyes J, Scott L, Puren A, Stevens W. Poor sensitivity of field rapid HIV testing: implications for mother-To-child transmission programme. BJOG 2009; 116:1805-1808.
21. Moodley D,Moodley P,Ndabandaba T, Esterhuizen T. Reliability of HIV rapid tests is user dependent. S AfrMed J 2008; 98:707-709.
22. Saitoh A, Hsia K, Fenton T, Powell CA, Christopherson C, Fletcher CV, et al. Persistence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 DNA in peripheral blood despite prolonged suppression of plasma HIV-1 RNA in children. J Infect Dis 2002; 185:1409-1416. (Pubitemid 34507962)
23. Andreoni M, Parisi SG, Sarmati L, Nicastri E, Ercoli L, Mancino G, et al. Cellular proviral HIV-DNA decline and viral isolation in naive subjects with <5000 copies/ml of HIV-RNA and >500 x 10(6)/l CD4 cells treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 2000; 14:23-29. (Pubitemid 30072074)
24. Garrigue I, Pellegrin I, Hoen B, Dumon B, Harzic M, Schrive MH, et al. Cell-Associated HIV-1-DNA quantitation after highly active antiretroviral therapy-Treated primary infection in patients with persistently undetectable plasma HIV-1 RNA. AIDS 2000; 14:2851-2855. (Pubitemid 32042748)
25. Aleman S, Visco-Comandini U, Loré K, Sönnerborg A. Long-Term effects of antiretroviral combination therapy on HIVtype 1DNA levels. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 1999; 15:1249-1254. (Pubitemid 29449403)
26. Desai N, Mathur M, Abu-Lawi K. HIV-seronegativity in a child with proved perinatal HIV-infection on HAART. Sex Transm Infect 2005; 81:377-379. (Pubitemid 41494350)
27. Hainaut M, Peltier CA, Gérard M, Marrisens D, Zissis G, Levy J. Effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy initiated before the age of 2 months in infants vertically infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Eur J Pediatr 2000; 159:778-782.
28. Barlow KL, Tosswill JH, Parry JV, Clewley JP. Performance of the Amplicor human immunodeficiency virus type 1 PCR and analysis of specimens with false-negative results. J Clin Microbiol 1997; 35:2846-2853. (Pubitemid 27452421)
29. Zazzi M, Romano L, Catucci M, De Milito A, Almi P, Gonnelli A, et al. Low human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) DNA burden as a major cause for failure to detect HIV-1 DNA in clinical specimens by PCR. J Clin Microbiol 1995; 33:205-208. (Pubitemid 24382428)
30. Mitchell C, Jennings C, Brambilla D, Aldrovandi G, Amedee AM, Beck I, et al. Diminished human immunodeficiency virus type 1 DNA yield from dried blood spots after storage in a humid incubator at 37 degrees C compared to -20 degrees C. J Clin Microbiol 2008; 46:2945-2949.
31. Feucht U, Forsyth B, Kruger M. False-positive HIV DNA PCR testing of infants: implications in a changing epidemic. S Afr Med J 2012; 102:149-152.