Pristine Early Eocene Wood Buried Deeply in Kimberlite from Northern Canada

PLoS ONE

Volumn 7, Issue 9, 2012, Pages

  Wolfe, Alexander P ^a   Csank, Adam Z ^b   Reyes, Alberto V ^c   McKellar, Ryan C ^a   Tappert, Ralf ^d   Muehlenbachs, Karlis ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA ANCHORAGE   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MADISON   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF INNSBRUCK   (Austria)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CELLULOSE; DEUTERIUM; OXYGEN 18;

ARTICLE; CANADA; CUPRESSACEAE; EOCENE; FOREST; FOSSIL; FOSSIL WOOD; ISOTOPE LABELING; KIMBERLITE; MEASUREMENT; METASEQUIOA; PALEOCLIMATE; PRESERVATION; SPECTROSCOPY; VOLCANO;

AMBER; CANADA; CELLULOSE; ENVIRONMENT; FOSSILS; ISOTOPES; TEMPERATURE; WOOD;

CUPRESSACEAE; METASEQUOIA;

EID: 84866535010     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045537     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Wilson L, Head JW III, (2007) An integrated model of kimberlite ascent and eruption. Nature 447: 53-57.
2. Edwards B, Howkins B, (1966) Kimberlites in Tanganyika with special reference to the Mwadui occurrence. Econ Geol 61: 537-554.
3. Smith RMH, (1986) Sedimentation and palaeoenvironments of Late Cretaceous crater-lake deposits in Bushmanland, South Africa. Sedimentology 33: 369-386.
4. Nassichuk WW, McIntyre DJ (1995) Cretaceous and Tertiary fossils discovered in kimberlites at Lac de Gras in the Slave Province, Northwest Territories: Geological Survey of Canada Current Research 1995-B, p.109-114.
5. Cookenboo HO, Orchard MJ, Daoud DK, (1998) Remnants of Paleozoic cover on the Archean Canadian Shield: limestone xenoliths from kimberlite in the central Slave craton. Geology 26: 391-394.
6. Wolfe AP, Siver PA, (2009) Three genera of extant thalassiosiroid diatoms from Middle Eocene lake sediments in northern Canada. Am J Bot 96: 487-497.
7. Doria G, Royer DL, Wolfe AP, Fox A, Westgate JA, Beerling DJ, (2011) Declining atmospheric CO2 during the late Middle Eocene climate transition. Am J Sci 311: 63-75.
8. Nowicki T, Crawford B, Dyck D, Carlson J, McElroy R, et al. (2004) The geology of kimberlite pipes of the Ekati property, Northwest Territories, Canada. Lithos 76: 1-27.
9. Creaser RA, Grütter HS, Carlson J, Crawford B, (2004) Macrocrystal phlogopite Rb-Sr dates for the Ekati property kimberlites: evidence for multiple intrusive episodes during Paleocene and Eocene time. Lithos 76: 399-414.
10. Kräusel R, (1949) Die fossilen koniferen-hölzer (unter Ausschluss von Araucarioxylon Kraus). II. Kritische untersuchungen zur diagnostik lebender und fossiler koniferen-hölzer. Paläontol. Abh. Abt. B 89: 83-203.
11. Greguss P (1955) Identification of living gymnosperms on the basis of xylotomy. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó. 263 p.
12. Meijer JJF, (2000) Fossil woods from the Late Cretaceous Aachen Formation. Rev Palaeobot Palynol 112: 297-336.
13. Visscher GE, Jagels R, (2003) Separation of Metasequoia and Glyptostrobus (Cupressaceae) based on wood anatomy. IAWA Journal 24: 439-450.
14. Sunderlin D, Loope G, Parker NE, Williams CJ, (2011) Paleoclimatic and paleoecological implications of a Paleocene-Eocene fossil leaf assemblage, Chickaloon Formation, Alaska. Palaios 26: 335-345.
15. Richter SL, Johnson AH, Dranoff MM, LePage BA, Williams CJ, (2008) Oxygen isotope ratios in fossil wood cellulose: isotopic composition of Eocene- to Holocene-aged cellulose. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 72: 2744-2753.
16. Rhoads CA, Painter PC, Given PH, (1987) FTIR studies of the contributions of plant polymers to coal formation. Int J Coal Geol 8: 69-83.
17. Terinte N, Ibbett R, Schuster KC, (2011) Overview on native cellulose and microcrystalline cellular I structure studied by x-ray diffraction (WAXD): comparison between measurement techniques. Lenzinger Ber 89: 118-131.
18. Anderson KB, (2006) The nature and fate of natural resins in the geosphere. XII. Investigation of C-ring aromatic diterpenoids in Raritan amber by pyrolysis-GC-matrix isolation FTIR-MS. Geochem T 7: 2 doi:10.1186/1467-4866-7-2.
19. Tappert R, Wolfe AP, McKellar RC, Tappert M, Muehlenbachs K, (2011) Characterizing modern and fossil conifer exudates using micro-FTIR spectroscopy. Int J Plant Sci 172: 120-138.
20. Otto A, Simoneit BRT, Wilde V, (2007) Terpenoids as chemosystematic markers in selected fossil and extant species of pine (Pinus, Pinaceae). Bot J Linn Soc 154: 129-140.
21. Hudgins JW, Krekling T, Franceschi VR, (2003) Distribution of calcium oxalate crystals in the secondary phloem of conifers: a constitutive defense mechanism? New Phytol 159: 677-690.
22. Kavanagh JL, Sparks RS, (2009) Temperature changes in ascending kimberlite magma. Earth Planet Sci Lett 286: 404-413.
23. Stasiuk LD, Lockhart GD, Nassichuk WW, Carlson JA, (1999) Thermal maturity evaluation of dispersed organic matter inclusions from kimberlite pipes, Lac de Gras, Northwest Territories, Canada. Int J Coal Geol 40: 1-25.
24. Epstein S, Thompson P, Yapp CJ, (1977) Oxygen and hydrogen isotopic ratios in plant cellulose. Science 198: 1209-1215.
25. West JB, Sobek A, Ehleringer JR, (2008) A simplified GIS approach to modeling global leaf water isoscapes. PLoS ONE 3: e2447.
26. Pagani M, Pedentchouk N, Huber M, Sluijs A, Schouten S, et al. (2006) Arctic hydrology during global warming at the Palaeocene-Eocene thermal maximum. Nature 442: 671-675.
27. Byrne MC (2005) A stable isotope stratigraphy for the Axel Heiberg fossil forest and its application to Eocene climate. MSc thesis, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. 184 p.
28. McKellar RC, Wolfe AP, Tappert R, Muehlenbachs K, (2008) Correlation of Grassy Lake and Cedar Lake ambers using infrared spectroscopy, stable isotopes, and palaeoentomology. Can J Earth Sci 45: 1061-1082.
29. Chikaraishi Y, Naraoka H, Poulson SR, (2004) Carbon and hydrogen isotopic fractionation during lipid biosynthesis in a higher plant (Cryptomeria japonica). Phytochemistry 65: 323-330.
30. Gonzalez G, Tappert R, Wolfe AP, Muehlenbachs K, (2012) Deuterium isotopic exchangeability of resin and amber at low thermal stress under hydrous conditions. European Geophysical Union General Assembly, Vienna, Geophysical Research Abstracts 14: EGU2012-6836-2.
31. Jahren AH, Sternberg LSL, (2002) Eocene meridional weather patterns reflected in the oxygen isotopes of Arctic fossil wood. GSA Today 12: 4-9.
32. Lipp J, Trimborn P, Fritz P, Moser H, Becker B, et al. (1991) Stable isotopes in tree-ring cellulose and climatic change. Tellus 43B: 322-330.
33. Jahren AH, Sternberg LSL, (2003) Humidity estimates for the middle-Eocene Arctic rainforest. Geology 31: 463-466.
34. Eberle JJ, Fricke HC, Humphrey JD, Hackett L, Newbrey MG, et al. (2010) Seasonal variability in Arctic temperatures during early Eocene time. Earth Planet Sci Lett 296: 481-486.
35. Roden JS, Lin G, (2000) Ehleringer (2000) A mechanistic model for interpretation of hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios in tree-ring cellulose. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 64: 21-35.
36. Anderson WT, Bernasconi SM, McKenzie JA, Saurer M, Schweingruber F, (2002) Model evaluation for reconstructing the oxygen isotopic composition in precipitation from tree ring cellulose over the last century. Chem Geol 182: 121-137.
37. Fricke HC, Wing SL, (2004) Oxygen isotope and paleobotanical estimates of temperature and δ18O-latitude gradients over North America during the Early Eocene. Am J Sci 304: 612-635.
38. Environment Canada (2009) National Climate Data and Information Archive. Available: www.climate.weatheroffice.ec.gc.ca. Accessed 2011 July 10.
39. LePage BA, Williams CJ, Yang H (2005) The geobiology and ecology of Metasequoia. Topics in Geobiology 22. Dordrecht: Springer Verlag. 434 p.
40. Sluijs A, Schouten S, Donders TH, Schoon P, Röhl U, et al. (2009) Warm and wet conditions in the Arctic region during Eocene Thermal Maximum 2. Nat Geosci 2: 777-780.
41. Birks SJ, Edwards TWD, Gibson JJ, Michel FA, Drimmie RJ, et al. (2003) Canadian Network for Isotopes in Precipitation. University of Waterloo. Available: http://science.uwaterloo.ca/~twdedwar/cnip/cniphome.html. Accessed 2011 Nov 3.
42. Ault AK, Flowers RM, Bowring SA, (2009) Phanerozoic burial and unroofing history of the western Slave craton and Wopmay orogen from apatite (U-Th)/He thermochronometry. Earth Planet Sci Lett 284: 1-11.
43. Zachos J, Pagani M, Sloan L, Thomas E, Billups K, (2001) Trends, rhythms, and aberrations in global climate 65 Ma to present. Science 292: 686-693.
44. Gaudinski JB, Dawson TE, Quideau S, Schuur EAG, Roden JS, et al. (2005) Comparative analysis of cellulose preparation techniques for use with 13C, 14C, and 18O isotopic measurements. Anal Chem 77: 7212-7224.
45. Sternberg L (1989) Oxygen and hydrogen isotope measurements in plant cellulose analysis. In: HF Linskens, JF Jackson, eds. Modern Methods of Plant Analysis, Vol. 10: Plant Fibers. Berlin: Springer Verlag. 89-99.