Performance of low-fold scalar migration for downhole seismic imaging of massive sulfide ore deposits at Norman West, Sudbury, Canada

Geophysics

Volumn 77, Issue 5, 2012, Pages

  Mueller, Christof ^a   Bellefleur, Gilles ^b   Adam, Erick ^c   Perron, Gervais ^d   Mah, Marko ^e   Snyder, Dave ^b  

^a GNS SCIENCE   (New Zealand)

^b GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA   (Canada)

^c Pétrolia   (Canada)

^d Mira Geoscience Limited   (Canada)

^e Waseca Energy Inc   (Canada)

Author keywords

3D; Borehole geophysics; Imaging; Scattering; Vertical seismic profile (VSP)

Indexed keywords

BOREHOLES; DEPOSITS; FILTRATION; IMAGE ENHANCEMENT; IMAGING TECHNIQUES; ORE DEPOSITS; SCATTERING; SEISMIC WAVES; SEISMOLOGY; SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO; SULFUR COMPOUNDS;

BOREHOLE GEOPHYSICS; INTERPRETABILITY; MASSIVE SULFIDES; SEISMIC IMAGING; SUDBURY IGNEOUS COMPLEXES; THREE COMPONENT; VERTICAL SEISMIC PROFILES; VERTICAL SEISMIC PROFILING;

SEISMIC PROSPECTING;

BOREHOLE GEOPHYSICS; FOOTWALL; IMAGING METHOD; MASSIVE SULFIDE; ORE DEPOSIT; PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT; SEISMIC DATA; SEISMIC MIGRATION; SEISMIC REFLECTION; SEISMIC SURVEY; SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIO; VERTICAL SEISMIC PROFILE; WAVE DIFFRACTION; WAVE SCATTERING;

CANADA; ONTARIO [CANADA]; SUDBURY;

EID: 84866441092     PISSN: 00168033     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1190/geo2011-0482.1     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Adam, E., T. Bohlen and B. Milkereit, 2003, Vertical seismic profiling at the Bell Allard orebody, Matagami, Quebec, in B. Milkereit, D. Eaton and M. Salisbury, eds., Hardrock seismic exploration: SEG, 181-193.
2. Adam, E., G. Perron, B. Milkereit, J. Wu, A. J. Calvert, M. Salisbury, P. Verpaelst and D. J. Dion, 2000, A review of high-resolution seismic profiling across the Sudbury, Selbaie, Noranda, and Matagami mining camps: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 37, 503-516, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e99-064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e99-064 CJESAP 0008-4077
3. Ames, D. E., A. Davidson and N. Wodicka, 2008, Geology of the Giant Sudbury Polymetallic Mining Camp, Ontario, Canada: Economic Geology, 103, 1057-1077, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.103.5.1057. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.103.5.1057 ECGLAL 0361-0128
4. Beaty, K. S., G. Perron, I. Kay and E. Adam, 2002, DSISoft a MATLAB VSP data processing package: Computers & Geosciences, 28, 501-511, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0098-3004(01)00073-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0098-3004(01)00073-5 CGEODT 0098-3004
5. Bellefleur, G., C. Mueller, D. Snyder and L. Matthews, 2004, Downhole seismic imaging of a massive sulfide orebody with mode-converted waves, Halfmile Lake, New Brunswick, Canada: Geophysics, 69, 318-239, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1707051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1707051 GPYSA7 0016-8033
6. Bellefleur, G., C. Mueller, D. Snyder, L. Matthews, D. Forsyth, B. Roberts and D. Tammadge, 2002, A new approach to downhole seismic imaging, Halfmile Lake, New Brunswick: Geological Survey of Canada, Current Research (Online) 2002-D4, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/213239. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/213239
7. Bellfleur, G. and G. Perron, 2000, Processing of Norman West '99 data: Technical Report, Geological Survey of Canada, Continental Geoscience Division, Ottawa.
8. Bohlen, T., C. Mueller, R. Giese and F. Landerer, 2003a, Modeling of seismic waves around a tunnel with irregular wall: 65th Annual International Conference and Exhibition, EAGE, Extended Abstracts, P242.
9. Bohlen, T., C. Mueller and B. Milkereit, 2003b, Elastic seismic wave scattering from massive sulfide orebodies: On the role of composition and shape, in D. W. Eaton, B. Milkereit and M. H. Salisbury, eds., Hardrock seismic exploration: SEG, Geophysical Developments 10, 70-89, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.9781560802396.ch5
10. Cassel, B. R., M. A. Alam and K. O. Millahn, 1984, Interactive VSP-CDP mapping in complex media: 54th Annual International Meeting, SEG, Expanded Abstracts, 842-845.
11. DiSiena, J. P., J. E. Gaiser and D. Corrigan, 1984, Horizontal components and shear-wave analysis of three-component VSP data, in M. N. Toksoz and R. R. Stewart, eds., Vertical seismic profiling, Part B: Advanced concepts: Geophysical Press, 177-189.
12. Dressler, B. O., W. V. Peredery and T. L. Muir, 1992, Geology and mineral deposits of the Sudbury structure: Ontario Geological Survey, Guidebook 8.
13. Dressler, B. O. and V. L. Sharpton, 1999, Large meteorite impacts and planetary evolution II, Geological Society of America special paper 339: Geological Society of America, 464.
14. Duveneck, E., C. Mueller and T. Bohlen, 2001, Imaging of orebodies with polarization stack migration: 63rd Annual International Conference and Exhibition, EAGE, Extended Abstracts, M-14.
15. Duveneck, E., C. Mueller and T. Bohlen, 2005, Imaging of orebodies with vertical seismic profiling data, in F. Wenzel, ed., Perspectives in modern seismology: Springer, Lecture notes in earth sciences, 105, 127-143.
16. Duweke, W., J. C. Trickett, K. Tootal and M. Slabbert, 2002, Three-dimensional reflection seismics as a tool to optimise mine design, planning and development in the Bushveld igneous complex: 64th Annual International Conference and Exhibition, EAGE, Extended Abstracts.
17. Eaton, D., 1999, Weak elastic scattering from massive sulfide ore bodies: Geophysics, 64, 289-299, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1444525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1444525 GPYSA7 0016-8033
18. Eaton, D. W., S. Guest, B. Milkereit, W. Bleeker, D. Crick, D. Schmitt and M. Salisbury, 1996, Seismic imaging of massive sulfide deposits: Part III, Borehole seismic imaging of near-vertical structures: Economic Geology, 91, 835-840, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.91.5.835. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.91.5.835 ECGLAL 0361-0128
19. Eaton, D. W., B. Milkereit and M. Salisbury, 2003, Seismic methods for deep mineral exploration: Mature technologies adapted to new targets: The Leading Edge, 22, 580-585, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1587683. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1587683 1070-485X
20. Hardage, B. A., 2000, Vertical seismic profiling principles, in K. Helbig and S. Treitel, eds., Handbook of geophysical exploration, Seismic exploration, vol. 14, 3rd ed.: Pergamon.
21. Hubral, P., J. Schleicher and M. Tygel, 1996, A unified approach to 3-D seismic reflection imaging; Part I, Basic concepts: Geophysics, 61, 742-758, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1444001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1444001 GPYSA7 0016-8033
22. Malehmir, A. and G. Bellefleur, 2009, 3D seismic reflection imaging of volcanic-hosted massive sulfide deposits: Insights from reprocessing Halfmile Lake data, New Brunswick, Canada: Geophysics, 74, no. 6, B209-B219. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3230495. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3230495 GPYSA7 0016-8033
23. Malehmir, A., G. Bellefleur and C. Müller, 2010, 3D diffraction and mode-converted scattering signatures of base-metal deposits, Bathurst Mining Camp, Canada: First Break, 28, 41-45. 0263-5046
24. Milkereit, B., E. K. Berrer, A. R. King, A. H. Watts, B. Roberts, E. Adam, D. W. Eaton, J. Wu and M. H. Salisbury, 2000, Development of 3-D seismic exploration technology for deep nickel-copper deposits - A case history from the Sudbury basin, Canada: Geophysics, 65, 1890-1899, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1444873. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1444873 GPYSA7 0016-8033
25. Milkereit, B., E. K. Berrer, A. Watts and B. Roberts, 1997, Development of 3-D seismic exploration technology for Ni-Cu deposits, Sudbury Basin, in A. G. Gubins, ed., Proceedings of Exploration 97: 4th Decennial International Conference on Mineral Exploration, 439-448.
26. Milkereit, B. and A. Green, 1992, Deep geometry of the Sudbury structure from seismic reflection profiling: Geology, 20, 807-811, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<0807:DGOTSS>2.3.CO;2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<0807:DGOTSS>2.3.CO;2 GLGYBA 0091-7613
27. Milkereit, B., B. Roberts, E. Adam and A. King, 1998, Integrated borehole geophysical and 3-D seismic study of a deep massive sulfide deposit, Sudbury Basin, Canada: 68th Annual International Meeting, SEG, Expanded Abstracts, 768-771.
28. Miller, D. and M. Oristaglio, 1987, A new slant on seismic imaging: Migration and Integral Geometry, 52, 7, 943-964.
29. Mueller, C., 2000, On the nature of scattering from isolated perturbations in elastic media and the consequences for processing of seismic data: Ph.D. thesis, Christian-Albrechts-Universitat of Kiel.
30. Neidell, N. S. and M. Turhan Taner, 1971, Semblance and other coherency measures for multichannel data: Geophysics, 36, 482-497, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1440186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1440186 GPYSA7 0016-8033
31. Pflug, K. A., C. J. Mwenifumbo and M. Salisbury, 2000, Borehole spectral gamma-gamma density log calibration in massive sulfides: Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Logging for Minerals and Geotechnical Applications.
32. E. G. Pye, A. J. Naldrett and P. E. Giblin, eds, 1984, The geology and ore deposits of the Sudbury structure: Ontario Geological Survey, Special Vol. 1.
33. Salisbury, M., B. Milkereit and W. Bleeker, 1996, Seismic imaging of massive sulfide deposites: Part I. Rock properties. Economic Geology and the Bulletin if the Society of Economic Geologists, 91, 821-828.
34. Snyder, D., G. Perron, K. Pflug and K. Stevens, 2002, New insights into the structure of the Sudbury Igneous Complex from downhole seismic studies: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 39, 943-951.
35. Takahashi, T., 1995, Prestack migration using arrival angle information: Geophysics, 60, 154-163, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1443742. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1443742 GPYSA7 0016-8033
36. Whitmore, N. D. and L. R. Lines, 1986, Vertical seismic profiling depth migration of a salt dome flank: Geophysics, 51, 1087-1109, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442164 GPYSA7 0016-8033
37. Wiggins, W., N. Patrick and A. Manzur, 1986, The relation between the VSP-CDP transformation and VSP migration: 56th Annual International Meeting, SEG, Expanded Abstracts, 565-568.
38. Wu, J., B. Milkereit and D. E. Boerner, 1995, Seismic imaging of the enigmatic Sudbury structure: Journal of Geophysical Research, 100, 4117-4130, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/94JB02647. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/94JB02647 JGREA2 0148-0227