Social policy in an ageing society: Age and health in Singapore

Social Policy in an Ageing Society: Age and Health in Singapore

Volumn , Issue , 2009, Pages

  Reisman, David ^a  

^a NANYANG TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY   (Singapore)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84866294600     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

References (241)

1. Abeysinghe, T. and K.M. Choy (2007), The Singapore Economy: An Econometric Perspective, London: Routledge.
2. American International Insurance Company (2007), Press release on the AIA Life Matters Index for 2007, 21 November
3. Asher, M.G. (1996), 'Financing old age in Southeast Asia: an overview', Southeast Asian Aff airs, Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 70-98.
4. Asher, M.G. (2002), 'Pension reform in an affl uent and rapidly ageing society: the Singaporean case', Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics, 43, 105-18.
5. Asher, M.G. and A. Nandy (2006), 'Health fi nancing in Singapore: a case for systemic reforms', International Social Security Review, 59, 75-92
6. AWARE (Association of Women for Action & Research)/Tsao Foundation for Successful Ageing (2005), 'Beyond youth: women growing older and poorer', www.aware.org.sg, accessed on 20 April 2007.
7. AXA (2007), AXA Retirement Scope 2007, www.retirement-scope.axa. com, accessed on 30 October 2007.
8. Barr, M.D. (2001), 'Medical savings accounts in Singapore: a critical inquiry', Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law, 26, 709-26.
9. Barr, M.D. (2002), Cultural Politics and Asian Values: The Tepid War, London: Routledge.
10. Barr, M.D. (2005), 'Singapore', in R. Gauld (ed.), Comparative Health Policy in the Asia-Pacifi c, Maidenhead: Open University Press, 146-73.
11. Barr, M.D. (2008), 'Singapore: the limits of a technocratic approach to health care', Journal of Contemporary Asia, 38, 395-416.
12. Bauhinia Foundation Research Centre (2007), Development and Finan cing of Hong Kong's Future Health Care, Hong Kong: Bauhinia Foundation
13. Becker, G.S. (1964), Human Capital, Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
14. Boseley, S. (2008), 'Social injustice cutting life expectancy, UN report says', www.guardian.co.uk/society/2008/aug/28/health.socialexclusion, accessed on 3 November 2008.
15. Buchanan, J.M. (1986), Liberty, Market and State, Brighton: Wheatsheaf.
16. California Public Employees' Retirement System (2006), We are CalPERS: Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, Sacramento: CalPERS
17. Campbell, J.C. and N. Ikegami (2003), 'Japan's radical reform of longterm care', Social Policy and Administration, 37, 21-34.
18. Cardarelli, R., J. Gobat and J. Lee (2000), Singapore: Selected Issues, IMF Staff Country Report No. 00/83, Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund. Central Provident Fund Board (Singapore) (selected years), Annual Report 1981, 1986, 1991, 1996, 2001, 2006.
19. Central Provident Fund Board (Singapore) (2007), Saving for Retirement: Annual Report 2006. Central Provident Fund (Singapore), 'CPF Statistics', www.cpf.gov.sg.
20. Chan, A. (1997), 'An overview of the living arrangements and social support exchanges of older Singaporeans', Asia-Pacifi c Population Journal, 12, December, 35-50.
21. Chan, A. and M.T. Yap (2009), Baby-Boomers Survey, Singapore: Ministry of Community Development, Youth and Sports.
22. Chan, D. (2002), Attitudes on Family: Survey on Social Attitudes of Singaporeans, Singapore: Ministry of Community Development and Sports.
23. Chan, K.Y., C.F. Foo and S.H. Ng (2005), 'CPF & retirement income in 2030', Applied Research Project, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
24. Chia, N.C. (2002), 'Health for all', in Koh Ai Tee, Lim Kim Lian, Hui Weng Tat, Banoji Rao and Chng Meng Kng (eds), Singapore Economy in the 21st Century, Singapore: McGraw-Hill, 164-87.
25. Chia, N.C. and A.K.C. Tsui (2003), 'Life annuities of compulsory savings and income adequacy of the elderly in Singapore', Journal of Pension Economics and Finance, 2, 41-65.
26. Chia, N.C. and A.K.C. Tsui (2005), 'Reverse mortgages as retirement fi nancing instrument: an option for "asset-rich and cash-poor" Singaporeans', Department of Economics, National University of Singapore, SCAPE Working Paper No. 2005/03.
27. Chia, N.C., Y. Kitamura and A.K.C. Tsui (2008), 'The pension system in Japan and the retirement needs of the Japanese elderly', in H.G. Lee (ed.), Ageing in Southeast and East Asia: Family, Social Protection and Policy Challenges, Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1-21.
28. Chua, M.H. (2004), 'Picking up a political hot potato - good for health?', Straits Times, 12 November, 29.
29. Cichon, M., W. Newbrander, H. Yamabana, A. Weber, C. Normand, D. Dror and A. Preker (1999), Modelling in Health Care Finance: A Compendium of Quantitative Techniques for Health Care Financing, Geneva: International Labour Organisation.
30. Committee on the Family (2005), Executive Summary: Elderly Annexe- Wellbeing of Elderly in Singapore, http://fcd.ecitizen.gov.sg, accessed on 10 April 2007.
31. Confucius (1993), The Analects, tr. by R. Dawson, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
32. Coulmas, F. (2007), Population Decline and Ageing in Japan: The Social Consequences, London: Routledge.
33. Department of Health and Human Services (USA) (2005), 'A profi le of older Americans', www.aoa.gov/PROF/Statistics/profile/2005/profiles2005.asp, accessed on 10 April 2007.
34. Department of Statistics (Singapore) (1998a), Singapore 1998 Statistical Highlights
35. Department of Statistics (Singapore) (1998b), Yearbook of Statistics
36. Department of Statistics (Singapore) (2000a), Report on the Household Expenditure Survey 1997/8
37. Department of Statistics (Singapore) (2000b), Is Income Disparity Increasing in Singapore?, Occasional Paper on Social Statistics
38. Department of Statistics (Singapore) (2001), Census of Population 2000: Advance Data Release
39. Department of Statistics (Singapore) (2002), Yearbook of Statistics
40. Department of Statistics (Singapore) (2003), Wealth and Liabilities of Singapore Households, Occasional Paper
41. Department of Statistics (Singapore) (2004), Yearbook of Statistics
42. Department of Statistics (Singapore) (2005), Report on the Household Expenditure Survey 2002/3
43. Department of Statistics (Singapore) (2006a), Population Trends 2006
44. Department of Statistics (Singapore) (2006b), General Household Survey 2005: Release 1
45. Department of Statistics (Singapore) (2006c), General Household Survey 2005: Release 2
46. Department of Statistics (Singapore) (2006d), Yearbook of Statistics
47. Department of Statistics (Singapore), www.singstat.gov.sg.
48. Department of Statistics (Singapore) (2007a), Population Trends 2007
49. Department of Statistics (Singapore) (2007b), Key Household Income Trends 2006, Occasional Paper
50. Department of Statistics (Singapore) (2007c), Consumer Price Index, September 2007
51. Department of Statistics (Singapore) (2007d), Yearbook of Statistics
52. Department of Statistics (Singapore) (2008), Key Household Income Trends 2007, Occasional Paper
53. Department of Statistics (Singapore) (2009), Key Household Income Trends, 2008, Occasional Paper
54. Dong, W.Z. (2006), 'Can health care fi nancing policy be emulated? TheSingaporean medical savings accounts model and its Shanghai replica', Journal of Public Health, 28, 209-214.
55. Ernst & Young ITEM Club (2007), Press release on Migration and the UK Economy, 18 December, www.ey.com/global/content.nsf/UK/Media, accessed on 7 January 2008.
56. Feldstein, M.S. (1973), 'The welfare loss of excess health insurance', Journal of Political Economy, 72, 251-80.
57. Financial Advice (2007), 'Over-50s wealth "rocketing"', www.fi nancialadvice. co.uk, accessed on 22 August 2007.
58. Friedman, M. (1962), Capitalism and Freedom, Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
59. Fuchs, V.R. (1974), Who Shall Live?, New York: Basic Books.
60. Galbraith, J.K. (1958), The Affl uent Society, Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.
61. Galbraith, J.K. (1986), A View from the Stands, Boston, MA: Houghton Miffl in.
62. Galbraith, J.K. (1988) (with Stanislav Menshikov), Capitalism, Communism and Coexistence, Boston, MA: Houghton Miffl in.
63. Giannakouris, K. (2008), 'Ageing characterises the demographic perspectives of the European societies', Eurostat, 72/2008, http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu, accessed on 15 November 2008.
64. Giddens, A. (1994), Beyond Left and Right: The Future of Radical Politics, Cambridge: Polity Press.
65. Gleckman, H. (2007), 'Financing long-term care: lessons from abroad', Issue in Brief No. 7-8, Chestnut Hill: Centre for Retirement Research at Boston College.
66. Ham, C. (2001), 'Values and health policy: the case of Singapore', Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law, 26, 739 -45.
67. Hanvoravongchai, Piya (2002), Medical Savings Accounts: Lessons Learned from International Experience, Geneva: World Health Organisation, EIP/HSF/PHF Discussion Paper No. 52.
68. Hateley, L. and G. Tan (2003), The Greying of Asia, Singapore: Eastern Universities Press.
69. Hedrick-Wong, Y.W. (2007), The Glittering Silver Market: The Rise of the Elderly Consumers in Asia, Singapore: Wiley (Asia).
70. Heller, P.S. (1999), 'Aging in Asia: challenges for fi scal policy', Journal of Asian Economics, 10, 37-63.
71. Heston, A., R. Summers and B. Aten (2006), Penn World Table: Version 6.2, Center for International Comparisons of Production, Income and Prices, University of Pennsylvania.
72. Ho, K.W (2007), 'Wage inequality, intergenerational mobility and education in Singapore', Ethos, 3, October, 43-7.
73. Holzmann, R., I.W. MacArthur and Y. Sin (2000), Pension Systems in East Asia and the Pacifi c: Challenges and Opportunities, Social Protection Unit, World Bank, Discussion Paper 0014, www.worldbank.org, accessed on 10 April 2007.
74. Home Office (UK) (2007), The Economic and Fiscal Impact of Immigration, Cm.7237.
75. Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank (HSBC Bank) (2006), The Future of Retirement: Media Factsheet - Singapore, www.hsbc.com/hsbc/retirement_future/research-summary, accessed on 15 February 2007.
76. Housing and Development Board (Singapore) (2005), Public Housing in Singapore: Social Aspects and the Elderly
77. Housing and Development Board (Singapore) (2007), Resale Price Index, www.hdb.gov.sg, accessed on 11 March 2008.
78. Housing and Development Board (Singapore) (2008), Public Rental Scheme, www.hdb.gov.sg, accessed on 6 March 2008.
79. Hsaio, W.C. (2001), 'Behind the ideology and theory: what is the empirical evidence for medical savings accounts?', Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law, 26, 733-7.
80. Hui, W.T. and A.R. Hashmi (2007), 'Foreign labor and economic growth policy options for Singapore', Singapore Economic Review, 52, 53-72.
81. Iacovou, M. (2000), The Living Arrangements of Elderly Europeans, University of Essex, Institute for Social and Economic Research, Working Paper No. 2000-09.
82. Ikegami, N. (2005), 'Japan', in R. Gauld (ed.), Comparative Health Policy in the Asia-Pacifi c, Maidenhead: Open University Press, 121-45.
83. Inland Revenue Authority of Singapore (2007), Annual Report 2006/7, www.iras.gov.sg, accessed on 10 March 2008.
84. International Labour Organisation, LABORSTA Internet, laborsta.ilo. org/, accessed on 29 May 2007.
85. Jackson, W.A. (1998), The Political Economy of Population Ageing, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar.
86. Kavenagh, S., M. Knapp and A. Patel (1999), 'Costs and disability among stroke patients', Journal of Public Health Medicine, 21, 385-94.
87. Khaw, B.W. (2004), Speech on the 2004 Budget, Singapore Parliament, 17 March, in Singapore Parliament Reports, www.parliament.gov.sg, accessed on 1 July 2005.
88. Khaw B.W. (2007), Oral Answer on Medisave and MediShield Reviews, Singapore Parliament, 22 January, in Singapore Parliament Reports, www.parliament.gov.sg, accessed on 29 October 2008.
89. Khaw, B.W. (2008a), 'Sharing limited resources fairly', speech at Changi General Hospital, 7 January, www.moh.gov.sg/mohcorp/speeches, accessed on 15 January 2008.
90. Khaw, B.W. (2008b), Speech on the 2008 Budget, Singapore Parliament, 3 March, in Singapore Parliament Reports, www.parliament.gov.sg, accessed on 20 June 2008.
91. Kutty, N. (1998), 'The scope for poverty alleviation among elderly homeowners in the United States through reverse mortgages', Urban Studies, 35, 113-29.
92. Kwok, A. (2006), 'Ageing and public policy - a global perspective', Ethos, 1, 11-15.
93. Lam, T.H., S.Y. Ho, A.J. Hedley, K.H. Mak and G.M. Leung (2004), 'Leisure time physical activity and mortality in Hong Kong', Annals of Epidemiology, 14, 391-8.
94. Lazear, E. (1979), 'Why is there mandatory retirement?', Journal of Political Economy, 87, 1261-84.
95. Lee, E. (2003), 'When it becomes too late to save', Straits Times, 7 October, 15.
96. Lee, E.M. (2004), 'Subsidies for Acute Healthcare Services', Ministry of Health (Singapore), Information Paper, www.moh.gov.sg, accessed on 20 March 2005.
97. Lee, K.Y. (2000), From Third World to First: The Singapore Story 1965- 2000, Singapore: Singapore Press Holdings.
98. Lee, K.Y. (2008a), 'Stay interested in the world, take on a challenge', Straits Times, 12 January, H9.
99. Lee, K.Y. (2008b), 'Reality's a hard taskmaster', Straits Times, 15 February, 20.
100. Lee, W.L. (2008), 'Medical care is not a commodity', Straits Times, 15 October, A23.
101. Leong, S.H. (2007), 'ElderShield: why rebate and then price hike?', Straits Times, 30 April 2007, H13.
102. Lewis, W.A. (1954), 'Economic development with unlimited supplies of labour', Manchester School, 22, 139-91.
103. Lim, J. (1997), 'Health care reform in Singapore: the Medisave scheme', in T.M. Tan and S.B. Chew (eds), Aff ordable Health Care: Issues and Prospects, Singapore: Prentice-Hall, 277-85.
104. Lim, J. (2004), 'Compulsory medical insurance: can it fi x the roof?', SMA News, 36(9), 11-12.
105. Lim, K.L. (2002), 'Enhancing the fi nancial security of older Singaporeans', in Koh Ai Tee, Lim Kim Lian, Hui Weng Tat, Banoji Rao and Chng Meng Kng (eds), Singapore Economy in the 21st Century: Issues and Strategies, Singapore: McGraw-Hill, 66-94.
106. Lim, M.K. (2004), 'Shifting the burden of health care fi nance: a case study of public-private partnership in Singapore', Health Policy, 69, 83-92.
107. Lim, P.S., L.S. Ow and P.N. Tran (2005), 'Eff ects of ageing and income on health care expenditure in Singapore', Applied Research Project, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
108. Low, A., S. Ouliaris, E. Robinson and Y.M. Wong (2004), Education for Growth: The Premium on Education and Work Experience in Singapore, Monetary Authority of Singapore Staff Paper No. 26, www.mas.gov.sg, accessed on 25 March 2005.
109. Low, L., K.H. Phua, M.H. Toh and M.T. Yap (1996), Projection of the National Health Expenditure in Singapore: The Eff ect of Population Ageing and Policy Implications (paper presented at the Institute of Policy Studies Forum on National Health Expenditure and Population Ageing, 2 August).
110. MacKellar, L., T. Ermolieva, D. Horlacher and L. Mayhew (2004), The Economic Impacts of Population Ageing, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar.
111. Manpower Inc. (2006), Older Worker Recruiting and Retention: Survey Results, www.manpower.com, accessed on 11 September 2007.
112. Matisonn, S. (2000), Medical Savings Accounts in South Africa, Study #234, Washington, DC: National Center for Policy Analysis.
113. McCarthy, D., O.S. Mitchell and J.D. Piggott (2002), 'Asset rich and cash poor: retirement provision and housing policy in Singapore', Journal of Pension Economics and Finance, 1, 197-222.
114. Mehta, K.K. (2005), 'Stress among family caregivers of older persons in Singapore', Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology, 20, 319-34.
115. Ministry of Community Development (Singapore) (1999), Report of the Inter-Ministerial Committee on the Ageing Population
116. Ministry of Community Development, Youth and Sports (Singapore) (2006), Committee on Ageing Issues: Report on the Ageing Population
117. Ministry of Community Development, Youth and Sports (Singapore) (2007), National Survey of Senior Citizens 2005
118. Ministry of Community Development, Youth and Sports (Singapore) (2008), Marriage and Parenthood Study 2007, Media Release No. 35/2008.
119. Ministry of Education (Singapore) (2007), Education Statistics Digest 2007
120. Ministry of Finance (Singapore) (2007), Supplementary Retirement Scheme, www.mof.gov.sg/taxation/srs.html, accessed on 25 April 2007.
121. Ministry of Health (Singapore) (1983), NHP: National Health Plan
122. Ministry of Health (Singapore) (1993), Aff ordable Health Care, Cmd.16.
123. Ministry of Health (Singapore) (1996), National Survey of Senior Citizens in Singapore, 1995
124. Ministry of Health (Singapore) (1998), State of Health 1997: The Report of the Director of Medical Services
125. Ministry of Health (Singapore) (1999), Inter-Ministerial Committee on Health Care for the Elderly, Report of the Inter-Ministerial Committee on Health Care for the Elderly
126. Ministry of Health (Singapore) (2001), State of Health 2000: The Report of the Director of Medical Services
127. Ministry of Health (Singapore) (2002a), State of Health 2001: The Report of the Director of Medical Services
128. Ministry of Health (Singapore) (2002b), Annual Report 2001 (since discontinued)
129. Ministry of Health (Singapore) (2002c), Project Team on 'Defi nition of Basic Medical Package': Main Report
130. Ministry of Health (Singapore) (2005), Details of the National Health Survey 2004, http://moh.gov.sg., accessed on 1 November 2007.
131. Ministry of Health (Singapore) (2006), Intermediate and Long-Term Care in Singapore, MOH Information Paper 2006/014
132. Ministry of Manpower (Singapore) (1999), Older Workers, Paper 3/1999
133. Ministry of Manpower (Singapore) (2002), After Layoff, Paper 1/2002
134. Ministry of Manpower (Singapore) (2006a), Interim Report of the Tripartite Committee on Employability of Older Workers
135. Ministry of Manpower (Singapore) (2006b), Report on Wages in Singapore
136. Ministry of Manpower (Singapore) (2007a), Final Report of the Tripartite Committee on Employability of Older Workers
137. Ministry of Manpower (Singapore) (2007b), Firms' Adoption of Age-Positive Human Resources Practices, Paper 4/2007
138. Ministry of Manpower (Singapore) (2007c), A Statistical Profi le of Older Workers, Paper 2/2007
139. Ministry of Manpower (Singapore) (2007d), Report on Labour Force in Singapore, 2006
140. Ministry of Manpower (Singapore) (2007e), Final Report of the Tripartite Committee on Employability of Older Workers, Book 2
141. Ministry of Manpower (Singapore) (2007f), Singapore Yearbook of Manpower Statistics, 2006
142. Ministry of Manpower (Singapore) (2007g), Singapore Workforce, 2007
143. Ministry of Manpower (Singapore) (2008a), Report on Labour Force in Singapore, 2007
144. Ministry of Manpower (Singapore) (2008b), Report of the National Longevity Insurance Committee
145. Ministry of Manpower (Singapore) (2008c), Singapore Yearbook of Manpower Statistics, 2007
146. Ministry of Manpower (Singapore) (2008d), Focus on Older People In and Out of Employment, Paper 3/2008
147. Ministry of Trade and Industry (Singapore) (1996), Report of the Cost Review Committee
148. Ministry of Trade and Industry (Singapore) (2003), New Challenges, Fresh Goals: Report of the Economic Review Committee
149. Ministry of Trade and Industry (Singapore) (2008), Economic Survey of Singapore 2007
150. Monetary Authority of Singapore (2004), Economic Policy Department, Macroeconomic Review, 3(2)
151. Mullan, P. (2000), The Imaginary Time Bomb: Why an Ageing Population is Not a Social Problem, London: Tauris.
152. National Council of Social Service (Singapore), www.ncss.org.sg.
153. National Healthcare Group, Annual Report, various years
154. National Population Secretariat (2008), Population in Brief 2008, www. nps.gov.sg/home/htm, accessed on 29 September 2008.
155. Nelson, R.R. and S.G. Winter (1982), An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
156. Newhouse, J.P. and the Insurance Experiment Group (1993), Free for All? Lessons from the RAND Health Insurance Experiment, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
157. Ng, E.H. (2006), Oral answer on the Central Provident Fund Minimum Sum, Singapore Parliament, 4 March, in Singapore Parliament Reports, www.parliament.gov.sg, accessed on 20 November 2006.
158. Ng, E.H. (2007a), Statement on retirement security of Singaporeans, Singapore Parliament, 22 January, in Singapore Parliament Reports, www.parliament.gov.sg, accessed on 5 March 2007.
159. Ng, E.H. (2007b), Statement on CPF reforms and other measures for a secure retirement, Singapore Parliament, 19 September, in Singapore Parliament Reports, www.parliament.gov.sg, accessed on 5 December 2007.
160. Ng, E.H. (2007c), Statement on CPF reforms and other measures for a secure retirement, Singapore Parliament, 17 September, in Singapore Parliament Reports, www.parliament.gov.sg, accessed on 5 December 2007.
161. Ng, G. (2008), 'Unit trusts overtake shares as CPF investment choice', Straits Times, 30 January, H20.
162. Ng, T.P., M. Niti, P.C. Chiam and E.H. Kua (2006), 'Prevalence and correlates of functional disability in multiethnic elderly Singaporeans', Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 54, 21-9.
163. Office for National Statistics (UK) (2004), 'Hospital and community health service expenditure: by age of recipient, 2001/02', Social Trends, 34, www.statistics.gov.uk, accessed on 3 March 2008.
164. Office for National Statistics (UK) (2007), Health Statistics Quarterly, 35, Autumn
165. Office for National Statistics (UK) (2008a), Family Spending, 2007 edition, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan
166. Office for National Statistics (UK) (2008b), National Statistics, www.statistics. gov.uk, accessed on 3 September 2008.
167. Ogawa, N. (2005), 'Population aging and policy options for a sustainable future: the case of Japan', Genus, 61, 369-410.
168. Ogawa, N., A. Mason, Maliki, R. Matsukura and K. Nemoto (2007), 'Population aging and health care spending in Japan: public and privatesector responses', in R. Clark, N. Ogawa and A. Mason (eds), Population Aging: Intergenerational Transfers and the Macroeconomy, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar, pp. 192-223.
169. Ogawa, N. and R. Matsukura (2007), 'Ageing in Japan: the health and wealth of older persons', in United Nations (Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Aff airs), Proceedings of the United Nations Expert Group Meeting on Social and Economic Implications of Changing Population Age Structures, New York: United Nations, 199-220.
170. Ogawa, N., R.D. Retherford and R. Matsukura (2006), 'Demographics of the Japanese family: entering uncharted territory', in M. Rebick and A. Takenaka (eds), The Changing Japanese Family, London: Routledge, 19-38.
171. Olsen, E. (2007), Statement on CPF reforms and other measures for a secure retirement, Singapore Parliament, 19 September, in Singapore Parliament Reports, www.parliament.gov.sg, accessed on 5 December 2007.
172. Ong, K.M. (2007), Statement on CPF reforms and other measures for a secure retirement, Singapore Parliament, 19 September, in Singapore Parliament Reports, www.parliament.gov.sg, accessed on 5 December 2007.
173. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (1996), Ageing in OECD Countries: A Critical Policy Challenge, Paris: OECD
174. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2004), Ageing and Employment Policies: Japan, Paris: OECD
175. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2006a), Projecting OECD Health and Long Term Care Expenditures: What are the Main Drivers?, Economics Department Working Paper No. 477, Paris: OECD.
176. Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (2006b), Live Longer, Work Longer, Paris: OECD
177. Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (2007), OECD Health Data 2007, Paris: OECD
178. Overseas Chinese Banking Corporation (2005), 'Research study fi nds Singaporeans poor money managers', Press Release, www.ocbc.com.sg/ media_release/2, accessed on 8 January 2008.
179. Pauly, M.V. (2001), 'Medical savings accounts in Singapore: what can we know?', Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law, 26, 727-31.
180. Peh, S.H. and K. Lin (2007), 'CPF changes: age a big question for many', Straits Times, 21 August, 3.
181. Phan, M. (2007), 'CPF changes must be fair to all, ministers say', Business Times, 24 September, http://news.asiaone.com/News/The+Business+Times, accessed on 11 April 2008.
182. Phua, K.H. (2000), 'Social welfare and health care', in G. Koh and G.L. Ooi (eds), State-Society Relations in Singapore, Singapore: Oxford University Press, 147-55.
183. Prskawetz, A., B. Mahlberg and V. Skirbekk (2007), 'Firm productivity, work-force age and educational structure in Austrian industries in 2001', in R. Clark, N. Ogawa and A. Mason (eds), Population Aging, Intergenerational Transfers and the Macroeconomy, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar, 38-63.
184. Quah, S.R. (2003), Home and Kin: Families in Asia, Singapore: Eastern Universities Press.
185. Rae, J. (1895), Life of Adam Smith, New York: Augustus M. Kelley, 1965.
186. Ramesh, M. (2004), Social Policy in East and Southeast Asia: Education, Health, Housing, and Income Maintenance, London: RoutledgeCurzon.
187. Rashiwala, K. (2008), 'Rising tide of foreigners snapping up Singapore property', Business Times, 27 March, 1.
188. Registry of Births and Deaths (Singapore) (1999), Report on Registration of Births and Deaths
189. Registry of Births and Deaths (Singapore) (2005), Report on Registration of Births and Deaths
190. Reisman, D.A. (2005), Democracy and Exchange: Schumpeter, Galbraith, T.H. Marshall, Titmuss and Adam Smith, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar.
191. Reisman, D.A. (2007a), 'Housing and superannuation: social security in Singapore', International Journal of Social Economics, 34, 159-87.
192. Reisman, D.A. (2007b), Health Care and Public Policy, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar.
193. Sakellariou, C. (2003), 'Rates of return to investments in formal and technical/vocational education in Singapore', Education Economics, 11, 73-87.
194. Sartre, J.-P. (1948), Qu'est-ce que la littérature?, Paris: Gallimard.
195. Schmidt, V. (2004), 'Models of health care rationing', Current Sociology, 52, 969-98.
196. Shortt, S.E.D. (2002), 'Medical savings accounts in publicly funded health care systems: enthusiasm versus evidence', Canadian Medical Association Journal, 167, 23 July, 159-62.
197. Siew, K.H. (2008), Statement in Parliament, 29 February, in Singapore Parliament Reports, www.parliament.gov.sg, accessed on 2 April 2008. Singhealth, Annual Report, various years.
198. Soh, N.E. Christabelle (2008), 'Ageing in Singapore: The Elderly Point of View', Proceedings of the URECA@NTU 2007-2008, Singapore: Nanyang Technological University.
199. Steinhagen-Thiessen, E. and M. Borchelt (1999), 'Morbidity, medication, and functional limitations in very old age', in P.B. Baltes and K.U. Mayer (eds), The Berlin Aging Study: Aging from 70 to 100, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 131-66.
200. Tan, D.W. (2008), '9 in 10 fi nd Singapore an expensive place to live in', Sunday Times, 17 February, 7.
201. Tan, E.S. (2004), Does Class Matter? Social Stratifi cation and Orientations in Singapore, Singapore: World Scientifi c.
202. Tan, H.L. (2006), 'Suicide rate here one of the lowest in Asia', Today, 11 March.
203. Tan, J. (2007), 'Chronic patients with money woes cutting back on drugs', Straits Times, 13 August, H6.
204. Tan, J. (2008), 'Lower income families at higher risk of poor health', Straits Times, 18 January, H26.
205. Tan, K.L. (2007), 'Plan now for those golden years', Business Times, 21 August, 21.
206. Tan, L. (2007), 'Taking a closer look at the growth of unit trusts', Sunday Times, 7 October, 21.
207. Tan, L.L. (1997), 'Health insurance for the average Singaporean', in T.M.
208. Tan and S.B. Chew (eds), Aff ordable Health Care: Issues and Prospects, Singapore: Prentice-Hall, 294-315.
209. Tawney, R.H. (1953), 'The WEA and adult education', in his The Radical Tradition, ed. by R. Hinden, Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1966.
210. Tay, B.N. (2003), The Graying of Singapore, Singapore: Humanities Press.
211. Taylor, R. and S. Blair (2003), 'Financing health care: Singapore's innovative approach', World Bank, Private Sector and Infrastructure Network, Note No. 261. http://rru.worldbank.org/viewpoint/index/asp, accessed on 14 November 2007.
212. Teece, D.J., R. Rumelt, G. Dosi and S.G. Winter (1994), 'Understanding corporate coherence: theory and evidence', Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 23, 1-30.
213. Teo, D. (2008), Update on MediShield Experience 2004-2007, MOH Information Paper: 2008:26, Singapore: Ministry of Health.
214. Teo, P., A. Chan and P. Straughan (2003), 'Providing health care for older persons in Singapore', Health Policy, 64, 399-413.
215. Teo, P., K. Mehta, L.L. Thang and A. Chan (2006), Ageing in Singapore: Service Needs and the State, London: Routledge.
216. Titmuss, R.M. (1968), Commitment to Welfare, London: George Allen & Unwin.
217. Titmuss, R.M. (1973 [1970]), The Gift Relationship, Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.
218. Titmuss, R.M. (1974), Social Policy, London: George Allen & Unwin.
219. Tucci, J. (2004), 'The Singapore health system - achieving positive health outcomes with low expenditure', Healthcare Market Review, 26 October, www.watsonwyatt.com/europe/pubs/healthcare/render2. asp?ID=13850, accessed on 14 November 2007.
220. Turner, B.S. (1995), Medical Power and Social Knowledge, 2nd edn, London: Sage.
221. United Nations (2007), World Population Prospects: The 2006 Revision-Highlights
222. United Nations Development Programme (2006), Human Development Report, http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/hdr_2--6_tables.pdf, accessed on 21 January 2008.
223. United Nations Population Division/Department of Economic and Social Aff airs (2001), Replacement Migration: Is It a Solution to Declining and Ageing Populations?, ST/ESA/SER.A.206, New York: United Nations. Selections from this report may be found at www.un.org/esa/population/ migration/japan.pdf.
224. Van Ewijk, C., B. Kuipers, H. ter Rele, M. van de Ven and E. Westerhout (2000), Ageing in the Netherlands, The Hague: Centraal Planbureau (CPB).
225. Walter, N. (2006), 'Ageing population: what to expect and what to do', Ethos (Singapore), 1, 28-36.
226. Wang, Q. and G. Chen (1999), 'The health status of the Singaporean population as measured by a multi-attribute health status system', Singapore Medical Journal, 40(06), 1-9.
227. Weekly Telegraph (London) (2007), 'Why evade truth about immigration?', 24-30 October, 23
228. White, G. and R. Goodman (1998), 'Welfare orientalism and the search for an East Asian welfare model', in R. Goodman, G. White and H.J. Kwon (eds) (1998), The East Asian Welfare Model: Welfare Orientalism and the State, London: Routledge, pp. 3-24.
229. Wong, H. (2007), ElderShield Experience 2002-2007, MOH Discussion Paper 2007/21, Singapore: Ministry of Health.
230. Woodman, J. (2007), Patients Beyond Borders (Singapore Edition): Everybody's Guide to Aff ordable, World-Class Medical Tourism, Chapel Hill, NC: Healthy Travel Media.
231. World Bank (2007), Health, Nutrition & Population Statistics Database (HNPStats), http://devdata.worldbank.org.ezlibproxy1.ntu.edu.sg/hnpstats/, accessed on 25 October 2007.
232. World Health Organisation (2000), World Health Report 2000: Health Systems: Improving Performance, Geneva: World Health Organisation
233. World Health Organisation (2006a), Cancer, www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs297/en/index.html, accessed on 1 November 2007.
234. World Health Organisation (2006b), World Health Report 2006: Working Together for Health, Geneva: World Health Organisation
235. World Health Organisation (2007a), National Health Accounts, www.who. int/nha/country, accessed on 8 May 2007.
236. World Health Organisation (2007b), World Health Statistics 2007, www.who.int/whosis/en/, accessed on 6 March 2008.
237. World Health Organisation (2007c), World Health Report 2007: A Safer Future - Global Public Health Security in the 21st Century, Geneva
238. World Health Organisation. Yadav, S.S. (2001), 'Disability and handicap among elderly Singaporeans', Singapore Medical Journal, 42, 360-67.
239. Yap, L.K.P., S.Y.L. Au, Y.H. Ang, K.Y. Kwan, S.C. Ng and C.H. Ee (2003), 'Who are the residents of a nursing home in Singapore?', Singapore Medical Journal, 44 (2), 065-073.
240. Yeoh, L.K. (2007), 'A new social compact for Singapore', Straits Times, 23 November, 41-2, reprinted in Ethos, 3, October 2007, 1-3.
241. Yip, P.S.L. and K.C. Tan (2008), 'Impacts of ageing population on monetary and exchange rate management in Singapore', Singapore Economic Review, 53, 245-59