Respiratory component of the orienting reflex: A novel sensitive index of sensory-induced arousal in rats

Frontiers in Physiology

Volumn 2 JAN, Issue , 2012, Pages

  Nalivaiko, Eugene ^a   Bondarenko, Evgeny ^a   Lidström, Andreas ^a   Barry, Robert J ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEWCASTLE   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WOLLONGONG   (Australia)

Author keywords

Arousal; ECG; EEG; Orienting response; Respiratory rate; Sniffing; Tail blood flow

Indexed keywords

EID: 84866283462     PISSN: None     EISSN: 1664042X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2011.00114     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. Barry, R. J. (1977a). Failure to find evidence of the unitary OR concept with indifferent low-intensity auditory stimuli. Physiol. Psychol. 5, 89-96.
2. Barry, R. J. (1977b). The effect of "significance" upon indices of Sokolov's orienting response: a new conceptualisation to replace the OR. Physiol. Psychol. 5, 209-214.
3. Barry, R. J. (1978). Physiological changes in a reaction-time task: further problems with Sokolov's dimension of stimulus "significance". Physiol. Psychol. 6, 438-444.
4. Barry, R. J. (1979). A factor-analytic examination of the unitary OR concept. Biol. Psychol. 8, 161-178.
5. Barry, R. J. (2006). Promise verus reality in relation to the unitary orienting reflex: a case study examining the role of theory in psychophysiology. Int. J. Psychophysiol. 62, 353-366.
6. Barry, R. J. (2009). Habituation of the orienting reflex and the development of preliminary process theory. Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 92, 235-242.
7. Barry, R. J., and James, A. L. (1981). Fractionation of phasic responses in a dishabituation paradigm. Physiol. Behav. 26, 69-75.
8. Blessing, W. W. (2003). Lower brainstem pathways regulating sympathetically mediated changes in cutaneous blood flow. Cell. Mol. Neurobiol. 23, 527-538.
9. Davis, M. (1986). Pharmacological and anatomical analysis of fear conditioning using the fear-potentiated startle paradigm. Behav. Neurosci. 100, 814-824.
10. DiMicco, J. A., Samuels, B. C., Zaretskaia, M. V., and Zaretsky, D. V. (2002). The dorsomedial hypothalamus and the response to stress: part renaissance, part revolution. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 71, 469-480.
11. Garcia, J. N., Pedersen, N. P., Nalivaiko, E., and Blessing, W. W. (2001). Tail artery blood flow measured by chronically implanted Doppler ultrasonic probes in unrestrained conscious rats. J. Neurosci. Methods 104, 209-213.
12. Harver, A., and Kotses, H. (1987). Effects of auditory stimulation on respiration. Psychophysiology 24, 26-34.
13. Hilton, S. M. (1982). The defence-arousal system and its relevance for circulatory and respiratory control. J. Exp. Biol. 100, 159-174.
14. Kabir, M. M., Beig, M. I., Baumert, M., Trombini, M., Mastorci, F., Sgoifo, A., Walker, F. R., Day, T. A., and Nalivaiko, E. (2010). Respiratory pattern in awake rats: effects of motor activity and of alerting stimuli. Physiol. Behav. 101, 22-31.
15. McNamara, F., Wulbrand, H., and Thach, B. T. (1998). Characteristics of the infant arousal response. J. Appl. Physiol. 85, 2314-2321.
16. Nalivaiko, E., Beig, M. I., Xavier, C., and Fontes, M. (2010). Dorsome-dial hypothalamus and medullary raphe mediate respiratory arousal responses in rats. FASEB J. 24, 1019.16.
17. Ootsuka, Y., Blessing, W. W., and Nali-vaiko, E. (2008). Selective blockade of 5-HT2A receptors attenuates the increased temperature response in brown adipose tissue to restraint stress in rats. Stress 11, 125-133.
18. Pavlov,I. P. (1927). Conditioned Reflexes. New York: Dover.
19. Reyes del Paso, G. A., and Vila, J. (1993). Respiratory influences on the cardiac defense response. Int. J. Psychophysiol. 15, 15-26.
20. Sgoifo, A., Stilli, D., Medici, D., Gallo, P., Aimi, B., and Musso, E. (1996) Electrode positioning for reliable telemetry ECG recordings during social stress in unrestrained rats. Physiol. Behav. 60, 1397-1401.
21. Sokolov, E. N. (1960). "Neuronal models and the orienting reflex," in The Central Nervous System and Behavior, ed. M. A. Brazier (New York: Macey), 187-276.
22. Sokolov, E. N. (1963a). Higher nervous functions: the OR. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 25, 545-580.
23. Sokolov, E. N. (1963b). Perception and the Conditioned Reflex. Oxford: Pergamon.
24. Tanaka, M., and McAllen, R. M. (2008). Functional topography of the dorso-medial hypothalamus. Am. J. Phys-iol. 294, R477-R486.