Polymeric micelles as versatile carriers for drugs and nucleic acids delivery

Handbook of Materials for Nanomedicine

Volumn , Issue , 2010, Pages 169-233

  Elsabahy, Mahmoud ^a   Dufresne, Marie Hélène ^a   Leroux, Jean Christophe ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITÉ DE MONTRÉAL   (Canada)

^b Chaires de recherche du Canada   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84866158839     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4032/9789814267588     Document Type: Chapter

References (206)

1. M. C. Jones and J. C. Leroux, Polymeric micelles-a new generation of colloidal drug carriers. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm., 48, 101-111 (1999).
2. A. Ardavanis, D. Tryfonopoulos, I. Yiotis, G. Gerasimidis, N. Baziotis and G. Rigatos, Non-allergic nature of docetaxelinduced acute hypersensitivity reactions. Anticancer Drugs, 15, 581-585 (2004).
3. V. P. Torchilin, Targeted polymeric micelles for delivery of poorly soluble drugs. Cell. Mol. Life Sci., 61, 2549-2559 (2004).
4. S. H. Kim, J. H. Jeong, H. Mok, S. H. Lee, S. W. Kim and T. G. Park, Folate receptor targeted delivery of polyelectrolyte complex micelles prepared from ODN-PEG-Folate conjugate and cationic lipids. Biotechnol. Prog., 23, 232-237 (2007).
5. D. Le Garrec, J. Taillefer, J. E. van Lier, V. Lenaerts and J. C. Leroux, Optimizing pH-responsive polymeric micelles for drug delivery in a cancer photodynamic therapy model. J. Drug Target. 10, 429-437 (2002).
6. J. Taillefer, N. Brasseur, J. E. van Lier, V. Lenaerts, D. Le Garrec and J. C. Leroux, In-vitro and in-vivo evaluation of pH-responsive polymeric micelles in a photodynamic cancer therapy model. J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 53, 155-166 (2001).
7. M. Nakayama and T. Okano, Polymer terminal group effects on properties of thermoresponsive polymericmicelleswith controlled outer-shell chain lengths. Biomacromolecules, 6, 2320-2327 (2005).
8. J. E. Chung, M. Yokoyama, M. Yamato, T. Aoyagi, Y. Sakurai and T. Okano, Thermo-responsive drug delivery from polymeric micelles constructed using block copolymers of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and poly(butylmethacrylate). J. Control. Release, 62, 115-127 (1999).
9. C. J. Rijcken, O. Soga, W. E. Hennink and C. F. van Nostrum, Triggered destabilisation of polymeric micelles and vesicles by changing polymers polarity: an attractive tool for drug delivery. J. Control. Release, 120, 131-148 (2007).
10. M. Oishi, K. Kataoka and Y. Nagasaki, pH-responsive threelayered PEGylated polyplex micelle based on a lactosylated ABC triblock copolymer as a targetable and endosome-disruptive nonviral gene vector. Bioconjugate Chem., 17, 677-688 (2006).
11. S. Fukushima, K. Miyata, N. Nishiyama, N. Kanayama, Y. Yamasaki and K. Kataoka, PEGylated polyplex micelles from triblock catiomers with spatially ordered layering of condensed pDNA and buffering units for enhanced intracellular gene delivery. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 127, 2810-2811 (2005).
12. N. Nishiyama and K. Kataoka, Current state, achievements, and future prospects of polymeric micelles as nanocarriers for drug and gene delivery. Pharmacol. Ther., 112, 630-648 (2006).
13. P.W. Atkins, Macromolecules and colloids, Physical Chemistry, Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 679-714 (1997).
14. Y. Kakizawa and K. Kataoka, Block copolymer micelles for delivery of gene and related compounds. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 54, 203-222 (2002).
15. C. Allen, D. Maysinger and A. Eisenberg, Nano-engineering block copolymer aggregates for drug delivery. Colloid Surf. B-Biointerfaces, 16, 3-27 (1999).
16. A. Miwa, A. Ishibe, M. Nakano, T. Yamahira, S. Itai, S. Jinno and H. Kawahara, Development of novel chitosan derivatives as micellar carriers of taxol. Pharm. Res., 15, 1844-1850 (1998).
17. K. Akiyoshi, S. Kobayashi, S. Shichibe, D. Mix, M. Baudys, S. W. Kim and J. Sunamoto, Self-assembled hydrogel nanoparticle of cholesterol-bearing pullulan as a carrier of protein drugs: complexation and stabilization of insulin. J. Control. Release, 54, 313-320 (1998).
18. A. Lavasanifar, J. Samuel and G. S. Kwon, Poly(ethylene oxide)- block-poly(L-amino acid) micelles for drug delivery. Adv. Drug Deliv, Rev., 54, 169-190 (2002).
19. A. Benahmed, M. Ranger and J. C. Leroux, Novel polymeric micelles based on the amphiphilic diblock copolymer poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone)-block-poly(D,L-lactide). Pharm. Res., 18, 323-328 (2001).
20. L. Luo, M. Ranger, D. G. Lessard, D.L. Garrec, S. Gori, J. C. Leroux, S. Rimmer and D. Smith, Novel amphiphilic diblock copolymer of low molecular weight poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone)-blockpoly( D,L-lactide): Synthesis, characterization and micellization. Macromolecules, 37, 4008-4013 (2004).
21. I. S. Kim, Y. I. Jeong, C. S. Cho and S. H. Kim, Core-shell type polymeric nanoparticles composed of poly(L-lactic acid) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), Int. J. Pharm., 211, 1-8 (2000).
22. C. Kim, S. C. Lee, I. C. Kwon, H. Chung and S. Y. Jeong, Complexation of poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)-block-poly(ε-caprolactone) micelles with multifunctional carboxylic acids. Macromolecules, 35, 193-200 (2002).
23. T. Inoue, G. Chen, K. Nakamae and A. S. Hoffman, An AB block copolymer of oligo(methyl methacrylate) and poly(acrylic acid) for micellar delivery of hydrophobic drugs, J. Control. Release, 51, 221-229 (1998).
24. V. P. Torchilin and V. S. Trubetskoy, Which polymers can make nanoparticulate drug carriers long-circulating? Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 16, 141-155 (1995).
25. R. Savic, L. Luo, A. Eisenberg and D. Maysinger, Micellar nanocontainers distribute to defined cytoplasmic organelles. Science, 300, 615-618 (2003).
26. B. S. Lele and J. C. Leroux, Synthesis of novel amphiphilic star-shaped poly(ε-caprolactone)-block-poly(N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide) by combination of ring-opening and chain transfer polymerization. Polymer, 43, 5595-5606 (2002).
27. I. Oh, K. Lee, H. Y. Kwon, Y. B. Lee, S. C. Shin, C. S. Cho and C. K. Kim, Release of adriamycin from poly(γ-benzyl-Lglutamate)/poly(ethylene oxide) nanoparticles. Int. J. Pharm., 181, 107-115 (1999).
28. A. Lavasanifar, J. Samuel and G. S. Kwon, Micelles selfassembled from poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(N-hexyl stearate L-aspartamide) by a solvent evaporation method: effect on the solubilization and haemolytic activity of amphotericin B. J. Control. Release, 77, 155-160 (2001).
29. A. Kabanov, P. Lemieux, S. Vinogradov and V. Alakhov, Pluronic ® block copolymers: Novel functional molecules for gene therapy. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 54, 223-233 (2002).
30. M. Ranger, M. C. Jones, M. A. Yessine and J. C. Leroux, Fromwelldefined diblock copolymers prepared by a versatile atom transfer radical polymerization method to supramolecular assemblies. J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Chem., 39, 3861-3874 (2001).
31. V. P. Torchilin, Micellar nanocarriers: Pharmaceutical perspectives. Pharm. Res., 24, 1-16 (2007).
32. A. N. Lukyanov and V. P. Torchilin, Micelles fromlipid derivatives of water-soluble polymers as delivery systems for poorly soluble drugs. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 56, 1273-1289 (2004).
33. V. P. Torchilin, T. S. Levchenko, K. R. Whiteman, A. A. Yaroslavov, A. M. Tsatsakis, A. K. Rizos, E. V. Michailova and M. I. Shtilman, Amphiphilic poly-N-vinylpyrrolidones: Synthesis, properties and liposome surface modification. Biomaterials, 22, 3035-3044 (2001).
34. A. Harada, H. Togawa and K. Kataoka, Physicochemical properties and nuclease resistance of antisense-oligodeoxynucleotides entrapped in the core of polyion complex micelles composed of poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(L-lysine) block copolymers. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci., 13, 35-42 (2001).
35. S. Vinogradov, E. Batrakova, S. Li and A. Kabanov, Polyion complex micelles with protein-modified corona for receptor-mediated delivery of oligonucleotides into cells. Bioconjugate Chem., 10, 851-860 (1999).
36. R. M. Schiffelers, A. Ansari, J. Xu, Q. Zhou, Q. Tang, G. Storm, G. Molema, P. Y. Lu, P. V. Scaria and M. C. Woodle, Cancer siRNA therapy by tumor selective deliverywith ligand-targeted sterically stabilized nanoparticle. Nucleic Acids Res., 32, e149 (2004).
37. M. C. Woodle, P. Scaria, S. Ganesh, K. Subramanian, R. Titmas, C. Cheng, J. Yang, Y. Pan, K. Weng, C. Gu and S. Torkelson, Sterically stabilized polyplex: ligand-mediated activity. J. Control. Release, 74, 309-311 (2001).
38. M. H. Dufresne and J. C. Leroux, Study of the micellization behavior of different order amino block copolymerswith heparin. Pharm. Res., 21, 160-169 (2004).
39. U. Rungsardthong, M. Deshpande, L. Bailey, M. Vamvakaki, S. P. Armes, M. C. Garnett and S. Stolnik, Copolymers of amine methacrylate with poly(ethylene glycol) as vectors for gene therapy. J. Control. Release, 73, 359-380 (2001).
40. A. Harada and K. Kataoka, Novel polyion complex micelles entrapping enzyme molecules in the core: Preparation of narrowly-distributed micelles from lysozyme and poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(aspartic acid) block copolymer in aqueous medium. Macromolecules, 31, 288-294 (1998).
41. G. D. Zhang, N. Nishiyama, A. Harada, D. L. Jiang, T. Aida and K. Kataoka, pH-sensitive assembly of light-harvesting dendrimer zinc porphyrin bearing peripheral groups of primary amine with poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(aspartic acid) in aqueous solution. Macromolecules, 36, 1304-1309 (2003).
42. J. H. Jeong, S. W. Kim and T. G. Park, A new antisense oligonucleotide delivery system based on self-assembled ODN-PEG hybrid conjugate micelles. J. Control. Release, 93, 183-191 (2003).
43. J. H. Jeong, S. H. Kim, S. W. Kim and T. G. Park, Polyelectrolyte complex micelles composed of c-raf antisense oligodeoxynucleotide- poly(ethylene glycol) conjugate and poly(ethylenimine): effect of systemic administration on tumor growth. Bioconjugate Chem., 16, 1034-1037 (2005).
44. J. H. Jeong, S. W. Kim and T. G. Park, Novel intracellular delivery system of antisense oligonucleotide by self-assembled hybrid micelles composed of DNA/PEG conjugate and cationic fusogenic peptide. Bioconjugate Chem., 14, 473-479 (2003).
45. S. H. Kim, J. H. Jeong, S. H. Lee, S. W. Kim and T. G. Park, PEG conjugated VEGF siRNA for anti-angiogenic gene therapy. J. Control. Release, 116, 123-129 (2006).
46. M. H. Dufresne, E. Fournier, M. C. Jones, M. Ranger and J. C. Leroux, Block copolymer micelles-engineering versatile carriers for drugs and biomacromolecules. Challenge in Drug Delivery for the New Millennium. R. Gurny (Ed.). Saint-Priest, Bulletin technique Gattefossé, 96, 87-102 (2003).
47. G. Gaucher, M. H. Dufresne, V. P. Sant, N. Kang, D. Maysinger and J. C. Leroux, Block copolymer micelles: preparation, characterization and application in drug delivery. J. Control. Release, 109, 169-188 (2005).
48. M. E. Elsabahy, M. Perron, N. Bertrand, G. Yu and J. C. Leroux, Solubilization of docetaxel in poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly (butylene/styrene oxide) micelles. Biomacromolecules, 8, 2250-2257 (2007).
49. H. Yan, H. Kawamitsu, Y. Kushi, T. Kuwajima, K. Ishii and N. Toshima, Calorimetric study on interaction of water-soluble copolymers with ionic surfactant. J. Colloid Interface Sci., 315, 94-98 (2007).
50. X. Li, S. D. Wettig and R. E. Verrall, Isothermal titration calorimetry and dynamic light scattering studies of interactions between gemini surfactants of different structure and Pluronic block copolymers. J. Colloid Interface Sci., 282, 466-477 (2005).
51. A. Laukkanen, L. Valtola, F.M. Winnik and H. Tenhu, Thermosensitive graft copolymers of an amphiphilic macromonomer and N-vinylcaprolactam: Synthesis and solution properties in dilute aqueous solutions below and above the LCST. Polymer, 46, 7055-7065 (2005).
52. S. D. Wettig, P. Nowak and R. E. Verrall, Thermodynamic and aggregation properties of gemini surfactants with hydroxyl substituted spacers in aqueous solution. Langmuir, 18, 5354-5359 (2002).
53. M. A. Yessine, M. H. Dufresne, C. Meier, H. U. Petereit and J. C. Leroux, Proton-actuated membrane-destabilizing polyion complex micelles. Bioconjugate Chem., 18, 1010-1014 (2007).
54. G. S. Kwon and K. Kataoka, Block copolymer micelles as longcirculating drug vehicles. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 16, 295-309 (1995).
55. T. Nakagawa, Critical examination of published data concerning the rate of micelle dissociation and proposal of a new interpretation. Colloid Polym. Sci., 252, 56-64 (1974).
56. M. G. Carstens, C. J. F. Rijcken, C. F. Nostrum and W. E. Hennink, in: Torchilin, V. (Ed.), Multifunctional Pharmaceutical Nanocarriers, Springer, New York, pp. 263-308 (2008).
57. S. Creutz, J. van Stam, F. C. De Schryver and R. Jérôme, Dynamics of poly((dimethylamino)alkyl methacrylate-block-sodium methacrylate) micelles. Influence of hydophobicity and molecular architecture on the exchange rate of copolymer molecules. Macromolecules, 31, 681-689 (1998).
58. N. Kang, M. E. Perron, R. E. Prud'homme, Y. Zhang, G. Gaucher and J. C. Leroux, Stereocomplex block copolymer micelles: coreshell nanostructures with enhanced stability. Nano Lett., 5, 315-319 (2005).
59. A. Lavasanifar, J. Samuel and G. S. Kwon, The effect of alkyl core structure on micellar properties of poly(ethylene oxide)-blockpoly( L-aspartamide) derivatives. Colloid Surf. B-Biointerfaces, 22, 115-126 (2001).
60. X. Zhange, J. K. Jackson and H. M. Burt, Development of amphiphilic diblock copolymers as micellar carriers of taxol. Int. J. Pharm., 132, 195-206 (1996).
61. K. Kataoka, T. Matsumoto, M. Yokoyama, T. Okano, Y. Sakurai, S. Fukushima, K. Okamoto and G. S. Kwon, Doxorubicin-loaded poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(β-benzyl-L-aspartate) copolymer micelles: their pharmaceutical characteristics and biological significance. J. Control. Release, 64, 143-153 (2000).
62. M. Yokoyama, S. Fukushima, R. Uehara, K. Okamoto, K. Kataoka, Y. Sakurai and T. Okano, Characterization of physical entrapment and chemical conjugation of adriamycin in polymericmicelles and their design for in vivo delivery to a solid tumor. J. Control. Release, 50, 79-92 (1998).
63. S. Sundaram, L. K. Lee and C.M. Roth, Interplay of polyethyleneimine molecularweight and oligonucleotide backbone chemistry in the dynamics of antisense activity. Nucleic Acids Res., 35, 4396-4408 (2007).
64. M. H. Dufresne, M. Elsabahy and J. C. Leroux Characterization of polyion complex micelles designed to address the challenges of oligonucleotide delivery. Pharm. Res., 25, 2083-2093 (2008).
65. D. J. Gary, N. Puri and Y. Y. Won, Polymer-based siRNA delivery: perspectives on the fundamental and phenomenological distinctions from polymer-based DNA delivery. J. Control. Release, 121, 64-73 (2007).
66. M. Elsabahy, M. Zhang, S. Gan, K. C. Waldron and J. C. Leroux, Synthesis and enzymatic stability of PEGylated oligonucleotide duplexes and their self-assemblies with polyamidoamine dendrimers. Soft Matter, 4, 294-302 (2008).
67. J. H. Kim, K. Emoto, M. Iijima, Y. Nagasaki, T. Aoyagi, T. Okano, Y. Sakurai and K. Kataoka, Core-stabilized polymeric micelle as potential drug carrier: increased solubilization of taxol. Adv. Polym. Technol., 10, 647-654 (1999).
68. M. Iijima, Y. Nagasaki, T. Okada, M. Kato and K. Kataoka, Corepolymerized reactive micelles from heterotelechelic amphiphilic block copolymers.Macromolecules, 32, 1140-1146 (1999).
69. Y. Kakizawa, A. Harada and K. Kataoka, Glutathione-sensitive stabilization of block copolymer micelles composed of antisense DNA and thiolated poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(L-lysine): A potential carrier for systemic delivery of antisense DNA. Biomacromolecules, 2, 491-497 (2001).
70. R. K. O'Reilly, C. J. Hawker and K. L. Wooley, Cross-linked block copolymer micelles: Functional nanostructures of great potential and versatility. Chem. Soc. Rev., 35, 1068-1083 (2006).
71. S. Liu, J. V. M. Weaver, Y. T. Tang, N. C. Billinghamand S. P. Armes, Synthesis of shell cross-linked micelles with pH-responsive cores using ABC triblock copolymers. Macromolecules, 35, 6121-6131 (2002).
72. V. Bütün, X. S. Wang, M. V. de Paz Banez, K. L. Robinson, N. C. Billingham, S. P. Armes and Z. Tuzar, Synthesis of shell crosslinked micelles at high solids in aqueous media. Macromolecules, 33, 1-3 (2000).
73. Y. Chan, T. Wong, F. Byrne, M. Kavallaris and V. Bulmus, Acidlabile core cross-linkedmicelles for pH-triggered release of antitumor drugs. Biomacromolecules, 9, 1826-1836 (2008).
74. C. J. Hawker, K. L. Wooley and J. M. Fréchet, Unimolecular micelles and globular amphiphiles: Dendritic macromolecules as novel recyclable solubilization agents. J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans., 1, 1287-1297 (1993).
75. M. C. Jones, M. Ranger and J. C. Leroux, pH-sensitive unimolecular polymeric micelles: synthesis of a novel drug carrier. Bioconjugate Chem., 14, 774-781 (2003).
76. J. P. A. Fairclough, A. I. Norman, B. Shaw, V. M. Nace and R. K. Heenan, Small angle neutron scattering study of the structure and hydration of polyoxyethylene-block-polyoxybutylene in aqueous solution. Polym. Int., 55, 793-797 (2006).
77. L. Liu, X. Gao, Y. Cong, B. Li and Y Han, Multiple morphologies and their transformation of a polystyrene-block-poly (4-vinylpyridine) block copolymer. Macromol. Rapid Commun., 27, 260-265 (2006).
78. V. Castelletto and I. W. Hamley, Capillary flow behavior of wormlike micelles studied by small angle X-ray and small angle light scattering. Adv. Polym. Technol., 17, 137-144 (2006).
79. A. I. Norman, D. L. Ho, J. H. Lee and A. Karim, Spontaneous formation of vesicles of diblock copolymer EO6BO11 in water: A SANS study. J. Phys. Chem. B, 110, 62-67 (2006).
80. J. N. Israelachvili, Intermolecular and Surface Forces: With Applications to Colloidal and Biological Systems, Academic Press, London; Toronto, pp. 296 (1985).
81. C. Tanford, The Hydrophobic Effect: Formation of Micelles and Biological Membranes, Wiley, New York, pp. 233 (1980).
82. Z. Yang, M. Crothers, D. Attwood, J. H. Collett, N. M. P. S. Ricardo, L. G. A. Martini and C. Booth, Association properties of ethylene oxide/styrene oxide diblock copolymer E17S8 in aqueous solution. Colloid Interface Sci., 263, 312-317 (2003).
83. Y. Geng, P. Dalhaimer, S. Cai, R. Tsai, M. Tewari, T. Minko and D. E. Discher, Shape effects of filaments versus spherical particles in flow and drug delivery. Nat. Nanotechnol, 2, 249-255 (2007).
84. Y. Kim, P. Dalhaimer, D. A. Christian and D. E. Discher, Polymeric worm micelles as nano-carriers for drug delivery. Nanotechnology, 16, S484-S491 (2005).
85. P. Dalhaimer, A. J. Engler, R. Parthasarathy and D. E. Discher, Targeted worm micelles. Biomacromolecules, 5, 1714-1719 (2004).
86. A. Choucair and A. Eisenberg, Control of amphiphilic block copolymermorphologies using solution conditions. Eur. Phys. J. E, 10, 37-44 (2003).
87. D. E. Discher and A. Eisenberg, Polymer vesicles. Science, 297, 967-973 (2002).
88. S. Cai, K. Vijayan, D. Cheng, E. M. Lima and D. E. Discher, Micelles of different morphologies-advantages of worm-like filomicelles of PEO-PCL in paclitaxel delivery. Pharm. Res., 24, 2099-2109 (2007).
89. O. Stauch, R. Schubert, G. Savin and W. Burchard, Structure of artificial cytoskeleton containing liposomes in aqueous solution studied by static and dynamic light scattering. Biomacromolecules, 3, 565-578 (2002).
90. H. Schuch, J. Klingler, P. Rossmanith, T. Frechen, M. Gerst, J. Feldthusen and A. H. Muller, Characterization of micelles of polyisobutylene-block-poly(methacrylic acid) in aqueous medium. Macromolecules, 33, 1734-1740 (2000).
91. A. Müller and W. Burchard, Structure formation of surfactants in concentrated sulphuric acid: a light scattering study. Colloid Polym. Sci.,273, 866-875 (1995).
92. K. Yasugi, Y. Nagasaki, M. Kato and K. Kataoka, Preparation and characterization of polymer micelles from poly(ethylene glycol)- poly(D,L-lactide) block copolymers as potential drug carrier. J. Control. Release, 62, 89-100 (1999).
93. 2O J. Phys. Chem. B., 103, 9473-9487 (1999).
94. K. Ding, F. E. Alemdaroglu, M. Borsch, R. Berger and A. Herrmann, Engineering the structural properties of DNA block copolymer micelles by molecular recognition. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 46, 1172-1175 (2007).
95. Y. T. Chim, J. K. Lam, Y. Ma, S. P. Armes, A. L. Lewis, C. J. Roberts, S. Stolnik, S. J. Tendler and M. C. Davies, Structural study of DNA condensation induced by novel phosphorylcholine-based copolymers for gene delivery and relevance to DNAprotection. Langmuir, 21, 3591-3598 (2005).
96. M. Crothers, Z. Zhou, N. M. Ricardo, Z. Yang, P. Taboada, C. Chaibundit, D. Attwood and C. Booth, Solubilisation in aqueousmicellar solutions of block copoly(oxyalkylene)s. Int. J. Pharm., 293, 91-100 (2005).
97. C. Chaibundit, N. M. P. S. Ricardo, M. Crothers and C. Booth, Micellization of diblock(oxyethylene/oxybutylene) copolymer E11B8 in aqueous solution. Micelle size and shape. Drug solubilization. Langmuir, 18, 4277-4283 (2002).
98. E. Fournier, M. H. Dufresne, D. C. Smith, M. Ranger and J. C. Leroux, A novel one-step drug-loading procedure for watersoluble amphiphilic nanocarriers. Pharm. Res., 21, 962-968 (2004).
99. R. Nagarajan, M. Barry and E. Ruckenstein, Unusual selectivity in solubilization by block copolymer micelles. Langmuir, 2, 210-215 (1986).
100. J. Liu, Y. Xiao and C. Allen, Polymer drug compatibility: a guid to the development of delivery system for the anticancer agent, Ellipticine. J. Pharm. Sci., 93, 132-143 (2004).
101. A. K. Krishna and D. R. Flanagan, Micellar solubilization of a new antimalarial drug, beta-arteether. J. Pharm. Sci., 78, 574-576 (1989).
102. A. Choucair and A. Eisenberg, Interfacial solubilization of model amphiphilic molecules in block copolymer micelles. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 125, 11993-12000 (2003).
103. L. S. Taylor and G. Zografi, Spectroscopic characterization of interactions between PVP and indomethacin in amorphous molecular dispersions. Pharm. Res., 14, 1691-1698 (1997).
104. V.P. Torchilin, Structure and design of polymeric surfactant-based drug delivery systems. J. Control. Release, 73, 137-172 (2001).
105. R. H. Müller, M. Radtke and S. A. Wissing, Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) in cosmetic and dermatological preparations. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 54, S131-S155 (2002).
106. T. Nakanishi, S. Fukushima, K. Okamoto, M. Suzuki, Y. Matsumura, M. Yokoyama, T. Okano, Y. Sakurai and K. Kataoka, Development of the polymer micelle carrier system for doxorubicin. J. Control. Release, 74, 295-302 (2001).
107. M. Yokoyama, A. Satoh, Y. Sakurai, T. Okano, Y. Matsumura, T. Kakizoe and K. Kataoka, Incorporation of water-insoluble anticancer drug into polymeric micelles and control of their particle size. J. Control. Release, 55, 219-229 (1998).
108. G. Kwon, M. Naitob, M. Yokoyamac, T. Okanoc, Y. Sakuraic and K. Kataoka, Block copolymer micelles for drug delivery: Loading and release of doxorubicin. J. Control. Release, 48, 195-201 (1997).
109. J. H. Jeong and T. G. Park, Novel polymer-DNA hybrid polymeric micelles composed of hydrophobic poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) and hydrophilic oligonucleotides. Bioconjugate Chem., 12, 917-923 (2001).
110. Y. I. Jeong, J. B. Cheon, S. H. Kim, J.W. Nah, Y. M. Lee, Y. K. Sung, T. Akaike and C. S. Cho, Clonazepam release from core-shell type nanoparticles in vitro. J. Control. Release, 51, 169-178 (1998).
111. Y. Teng, M. E. Morrison, P. Munk and S. E. Webber, Release kinetics studies of aromatic molecules into water from block polymer micelles.Macromolecules, 31, 3578-3587 (1998).
112. A. Rösler, G.W. M. Vandermeulen and H. A. Klok, Advanced drug delivery devices via self-assembly of amphiphilic block copolymers. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 53, 95-108 (2001).
113. B. Shi, C. Fang, M. X. You, Y. Zhang, S. Fu and Y. Pei, Stealth MePEG-PCL micelles: Effects of polymer composition on micelle physicochemical characteristics, in vitro drug release, in vivo pharmacokinetics in rats and biodistribution in S180 tumor bearing mice. Colloid Polym. Sci., 283, 954-967 (2005).
114. R. Savic, T. Azzam, A. Eisenberg and D. Maysinger, Assessment of the integrity of poly(caprolactone)-b-poly(ethylene oxide) micelles under biological conditions: a fluorogenic-based approach. Langmuir, 22, 3570-3578 (2006).
115. H. M. Burt, X. Zhang, P. Toleikis, L. Embree and W. L. Hunter, Development of copolymers of poly(D,L-lactide) and methoxypolyethylene glycol as micellar carriers of paclitaxel. Colloid Surf. B-Biointerfaces, 16, 161-171 (1999).
116. H. Chen, S. Kim, W. He, H. Wang, P. S. Low, K. Park and J. X. Cheng, Fast release of lipophilic agents from circulating PEGPDLLA micelles revealed by in vivo forster resonance energy transfer imaging. Langmuir, 24, 5213-5217 (2008).
117. Z. Gao, H. D. Fain and N. Rapoport, Ultrasound-enhanced tumor targeting of polymeric micellar drug carriers. Mol. Pharm., 1, 317-330 (2004).
118. Z. Gao, H. D. Fain and N. Rapoport, Controlled and targeted tumor chemotherapy by micellar-encapsulated drug and ultrasound J. Control. Release, 102, 203-222 (2005).
119. I. F. Tannock and D. Rotin, Acid pH in tumors and its potential for therapeutic exploitation. Cancer Res., 49, 4373-4384 (1989).
120. H. G. Schild and D.A. Tirrell, Microheterogeneous solutions of amphiphilic copolymers of N-isopropylacrylamide. An investigation via fluorescence methods. Langmuir, 7, 1319-1324 (1991).
121. E. R. Gillies and J. M. Frechet, pH-Responsive copolymer assemblies for controlled release of doxorubicin. Bioconjugate Chem., 16, 361-368 (2005).
122. E. R. Gillies, T. B. Jonsson and J. M. Frechet, Stimuliresponsive supramolecular assemblies of linear-dendritic copolymers. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 126, 11936-11943 (2004).
123. J. E. Chung, M. Yokoyama, T. Aoyagi, Y. Sakurai and T. Okano Effect of molecular architecture of hydrophobically modified poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) on the formation of thermoresponsive core-shell micellar drug carriers. J. Control. Release, 53, 119-130 (1998).
124. G. Chen and A. S. Hoffman, Graft copolymers that exhibit temperature-induced phase transitions over a wide range of pH. Nature, 373, 49-52 (1995).
125. J. Taillefer, M. C. Jones, N. Brasseur, J. E. van Lier and J. C. Leroux, Preparation and characterization of pH-responsive polymeric micelles for the delivery of photosensitizing anticancer drugs. J. Pharm. Sci., 89, 52-62 (2000).
126. L.M. Coussens and Z. Werb, Inflammation and cancer. Nature, 420, 860-867 (2002).
127. A. Rehor, H. Schmoekel, N. Tirelli and J. A. Hubbell, Functionalization of polysulfide nanoparticles and their performance as circulating carriers. Biomaterials, 29, 1958-1966 (2008).
128. A. Rehor, J. A. Hubbell and N. Tirelli, Oxidation-sensitive polymeric nanoparticles. Langmuir, 21, 411-417 (2005).
129. S. H. Lee, S. H. Kim and T. G. Park, Intracellular siRNA delivery system using polyelectrolyte complex micelles prepared from VEGF siRNA-PEG conjugate and cationic fusogenic peptide. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 357, 511-516 (2007).
130. N. D., Sonawane, F. C. Szoka and A. S. Verkman, Chloride accumulation and swelling in endosomes enhances DNA transfer by polyamine-DNA polyplexes. J. Biol. Chem., 278, 44826-44831 (2003).
131. A. Akinc, M. Thomas, A. M. Klibanov and R. Langer, Exploring polyethylenimine-mediated DNA transfection and the proton sponge hypothesis. J. Gene. Med., 7, 657-663 (2005).
132. S. C. De Smedt, J. Demeester and W. E. Hennink, Cationic polymer based gene delivery systems. Pharm. Res., 17, 113-126 (2000).
133. Y.W. Cho, J.D. Kimand K. Park, Polycation gene delivery systems: Escape from endosomes to cytosol. J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 55, 721-734 (2003).
134. A. V. Kabanov, T. K. Bronich, V. A. Kabanov, K. Yu and A. Eisenberg, Soluble stoichiometric complexes from poly(Nethyl- 4-vinylpyridinium) cations and poly(ethylene oxide)-blockpolymethacrylate anions. Macromolecules, 29, 6797-6802 (1996).
135. K. Itaka, N. Kanayama, N. Nishiyama, W. D. Jang, Y. Yamasaki, K. Nakamura, H. Kawaguchi and K. Kataoka, Supramolecular nanocarrier of siRNA from PEG-based block catiomer carrying diamine side chain with distinctive pKa directed to enhance intracellular gene silencing. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 126, 13612-13613 (2004).
136. H. Chen, S. Kim, L. Li, S. Wang, K. Park and J. X. Cheng, Release of hydrophobic molecules from polymer micelles into cell membranes revealed by Forster resonance energy transfer imaging. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 105, 6596-6601 (2008).
137. S. D. Li and L. Huang, Gene therapy progress and prospects: nonviral gene therapy by systemic delivery. Gene Ther., 13, 1313-1319 (2006).
138. D. Sutton, N. Nasongkla, E. Blanco and J. Gao, Functionalized micellar systems for cancer targeted drug delivery. Pharm. Res., 24, 1029-1046 (2007).
139. V. P. Torchilin, Recent approaches to intracellular delivery of drugs and DNA and organelle targeting. Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng., 8, 343-375 (2006).
140. R. Savic, A. Eisenberg and D. Maysinger, Block copolymer micelles as delivery vehicles of hydrophobic drugs: Micelle-cell interactions. J. Drug Target. 14, 343-355 (2006).
141. S. Danson, D. Ferry, V. Alakhov, J. Margison, D. Kerr, D. Jowle, M. Brampton, G. Halbert and M. Ranson, Phase I dose escalation and pharmacokinetic study of pluronic polymer-bound doxorubicin (SP1049C) in patients with advanced cancer. Br. J. Cancer, 90, 2085-2091 (2004).
142. Y. Matsumura, T. Hamaguchi, T. Ura, K. Muro, Y. Yamada, Y. Shimada, K. Shirao, T. Okusaka, H. Ueno, M. Ikeda and N. Watanabe, Phase I clinical trial and pharmacokinetic evaluation of NK911, a micelle-encapsulated doxorubicin. Br. J. Cancer, 91, 1775-1781 (2004).
143. T. Y. Kim, D. W. Kim, J. Y. Chung, S. G. Shin, S. C. Kim, D. S. Heo, N. K. Kim and Y. J. Bang, Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of Genexol-PM, a cremophor-free, polymeric micelle-formulated paclitaxel, in patients with advanced malignancies. Clin. Cancer Res., 10, 3708-3716 (2004).
144. V. Alakhov, E. Klinski, S. Li, G. Pietrzynski, A. Venne, E. Batrakova, T. Bronitch and A. Kabanov, Block copolymer-based formulation of doxorubicin. From cell screen to clinical trials. Colloid Surf. B-Biointerfaces, 16, 113-134 (1999).
145. T. Hamaguchi, Y. Matsumura, M. Suzuki, K. Shimizu, R. Goda, I. Nakamura, I. Nakatomi, M. Yokoyama, K. Kataoka and T. Kakizoe, NK105, a paclitaxel-incorporating micellar nanoparticle formulation, can extend in vivo antitumour activity and reduce the neurotoxicity of paclitaxel. Br. J. Cancer, 92, 1240-1246 (2005).
146. Y. Mizumura, Y. Matsumura, T. Hamaguchi, N. Nishiyama, K. Kataoka, T. Kawaguchi, W. J. M. Hrushesky, F. Moriyasu and T. Kakizoe, Cisplatin-incorporated polymeric micelles eliminate nephrotoxicity, while maintaining antitumor activity. Jpn. J. Cancer Res., 92, 328-336 (2001).
147. H. Uchino, Y. Matsumura, T. Negishi, F. Koizumi, T. Hayashi, T. Honda, N. Nishiyama, K. Kataoka, S. Naito and T. Kakizoe, Cisplatin-incorporating polymeric micelles (NC-6004) can reduce nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity of cisplatin in rats. Br. J. Cancer, 93, 678-687 (2005).
148. S. C. Kim, D. W. Kim, Y. H. Shim, J. S. Bang, H. S. Oh, S. W. Kim and M. H. Seo, In vivo evaluation of polymeric micellar paclitaxel formulation: toxicity and efficacy. J. Control. Release, 72, 191-202 (2001).
149. D. Le Garrec, S. Gori, L. Luo, D. Lessard, D. C. Smith, M. A. Yessine, M. Ranger and J. C. Leroux, Poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone)- block-poly(D,L-lactide) as a new polymeric solubilizer for hydrophobic anticancer drugs: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. J. Control. Release, 99, 83-101 (2004).
150. M. L. Adams, D. R. Andes and G. S. Kwon, Amphotericin B encapsulated in micelles based on poly(ethylene oxide)-blockpoly( L-amino acid) derivatives exerts reduced in vitro hemolysis but maintains potent in vivo antifungal activity. Biomacromolecules, 4, 750-757 (2003).
151. K. S. Lee, H. C. Chung, S. A. Im, Y. H. Park, C. S. Kim, S. B. Kim, S. Y. Rha, M. Y. Lee and J. Ro, Multicenter phase II trial of Genexol- PM, a Cremophor-free, polymeric micelle formulation of paclitaxel, in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res. Treat., 108, 241-250 (2008).
152. D. W. Kim, S. Y. Kim, H. K. Kim, S. W. Kim, S. W. Shin, J. S. Kim, K. Park, M. Y. Lee, D. S. Heo, Multicenter phase II trial of Genexol- PM, a novel Cremophor-free, polymeric micelle formulation of paclitaxel, with cisplatin in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Ann. Oncol., 18, 2009-2014 (2007).
153. K. Engin, L. D. Leeper, J. R. Cater, A. J. Thistlethwaite, L. Tupchong and J. D. McFarlane, Extracellular pH distribution in human tumours. Int. J. Hyperthermia, 11, 211-216 (1995).
154. G. Helmlinger, F. Yuan, M. Dellian and R. K. Jain, Interstitial pH and pO2 gradients in solid tumors in vivo: high-resolution measurements reveal a lack of correlation. Nat. Med., 3, 177-182 (1997).
155. Y. Bae, T. A. Diezi, A. Zhao and G. S. Kwon, Mixed polymeric micelles for combination cancer chemotherapy through the concurrent delivery of multiple chemotherapeutic agents. J. Control. Release, 122, 324-330 (2007).
156. F. De Jaeghere, E. Allémann, J. Feijen, T. Kissel, E. Doelker and R. Gurny, Cellular uptake of PEO surface-modified nanoparticles: evaluation of nanoparticlesmade of PLA:PEO diblock and triblock copolymers. J. Drug Target., 8, 143-153 (2000).
157. J. F. Ross, P. K. Chaudhuri and M. Ratnam, Differential regulation of folate receptor isoforms in normal and malignant tissues in vivo and in established cell lines. Physiologic and clinical implications. Cancer, 73, 2432-2443 (1994).
158. K. Ulbrich, T. Etrych, P. Chytil, M. Jelinkova and B. Rihova, HPMA copolymers with pH-controlled release of doxorubicin. In vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo antitumor activity. J. Control. Release, 87, 33-47 (2003).
159. T. Merdan, J. Callahan, H. Petersen, K. Kunath, U. Bakowsky, P. Kopeckova, T. Kissel and J. Kopecek, Pegylated polyethylenimine- Fab' antibody fragment conjugates for targeted gene delivery to human ovarian carcinoma cells. Bioconjugate Chem., 14, 989-996 (2003).
160. J. W. Nah, L. Yu, S. O. Han, S. H. Ahn and S. W. Kim, Artery wall binding peptide-poly(ethylene glycol)-grafted-poly(L-lysine)- based gene delivery to artery wall cells. J. Control. Release, 78, 273-284 (2002).
161. O. C. Farokhzad, S. Jon, A. Khademhosseini, T. N. Tran, D. A. Lavan, and R. Langer, Nanoparticle-aptamer bioconjugates: a new approach for targeting prostate cancer cells. Cancer Res., 64, 7668-7672 (2004).
162. O. Farokhzad, C. Cheng, B. A. Teply, I. Sherifi, S. Jon, P.W. Kantoff, J. P. Richie and R. Langer, Targeted nanoparticle-aptamer bioconjugates for cancer chemotherapy in vivo. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 103, 6315-6320 (2006).
163. D. W. Lim, Y. I. Yeom and T. G. Park, Poly(DMAEMA-NVP)-b- PEG-galactose as gene delivery vector for hepatocytes. Bioconjugate Chem., 11, 688-695 (2000).
164. Singh, M. transferrin as a targeting ligand for liposomes and anticancer drugs. Curr. Pharm. Design, 5, 443-451 (1999).
165. G. L. King and E. P. Feener, The biochemical and physiological characteristics of receptors. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 29, 197-213 (1998).
166. Z. M. Qian, H. Li, H. Sun and K. Ho, Targeted drug delivery via the transferrin receptor-mediated endocytosis pathway. Pharmacol. Rev., 54, 561-587 (2002).
167. Allen, T. M. Ligand-targeted therapeutics in anticancer therapy. Nat. Rev. Cancer, 2, 750-763 (2002).
168. V. P. Torchilin, A. N. Lukyanov, Z. Gao and B. Papahadjopoulos-Sternberg, Immunomicelles: targeted pharmaceutical carriers for poorly soluble drugs. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 100, 6039-6044 (2003).
169. A. D. Ellington and J. W. Szostak, In vitro selection of RNA molecules that bind specific ligands. Nature, 346, 818-822 (1990).
170. S. E. Lupold, B. J. Hicke, Y. Lin and D. S. Coffey, Identification and characterization of nuclease-stabilized RNA molecules that bind human prostate cancer cells via the prostate-specific membrane antigen. Cancer Res., 62, 4029-4033 (2002).
171. S. Hu-Lieskovan, J. D. Heidel, D. W. Bartlett, M. E. Davis and T. G. Triche, Sequence-specific knockdown of EWS-FLI1 by targeted, nonviral delivery of small interfering RNA inhibits tumor growth in a murine model of metastatic Ewing's sarcoma. Cancer Res., 65, 8984-8992 (2005).
172. G. J. Mizejewski, Role of integrins in cancer: survey of expression patterns. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 222, 124-138 (1999).
173. N. Nasongkla, X. Shuai, H. Ai, B. D. Weinberg, J. Pink, D. A. Boothman and J. Gao, cRGD-functionalized polymer micelles for targeted doxorubicin delivery. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 43, 6323-6327 (2004).
174. W. Guo and R. L. Lee, Receptor-targeted gene delivery via folateconjugated polyethylenimine. AAPS Pharm. Sci., 1, E19 (1999).
175. B. A. Kamen and A. K. Smith, A review of folate receptor alpha cycling and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate accumulation with an emphasis on cell models in vitro. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 56, 1085-1097 (2004).
176. H. S. Yoo and T. G. Park, Folate receptor targeted biodegradable polymeric doxorubicin micelles. J. Control. Release, 96, 273-283 (2004).
177. E. Jule, Y. Nagasaki and Kataoka, K. Lactose-installed poly (ethylene glycol)-poly(D,L-lactide) block copolymer micelles exhibit fast-rate binding and high affinity toward a protein bed simulating a cell surface. A surface plasmon resonance study. Bioconjugate Chem., 14, 177-186 (2003).
178. K. Sugahara, H. Togashi, K. Takahashi, Y. Onodera, M. Sanjo, K. Misawa, A. Suzuki, T. Adachi, J. Ito, K. Okumoto, E. Hattori, T. Takeda, H. Watanabe, K. Saito, T. Saito, Y. Sugai and S. Kawata, Separate analysis of asialoglycoprotein receptors in the right and left hepatic lobes using Tc-GSA SPECT. Hepatology, 38, 1401-1409 (2003).
179. Y. I. Jeong, S. J. Seo, I. K. Park, H. C. Lee, I. C. Kang, T. Akaike and C. S. Cho, Cellular recognition of paclitaxel-loaded polymeric nanoparticles composed of poly(gamma-benzyl L-glutamate) and poly(ethylene glycol) diblock copolymer endcapped with galactose moiety. Int. J. Pharm., 296, 151-161 (2005).
180. M. Oishi, Y. Nagasaki, K. Itaka, N. Nishiyama and K. Kataoka, Lactosylated poly(ethylene glycol)-siRNAconjugate through acidlabile β-thiopropionate linkage to construct pH-sensitive polyion complex micelles achieving enhanced gene silencing in hepatoma cells. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 127, 1624-1625 (2005).
181. V. P. Sant, D. Smith and J. C. Leroux, Novel pH-sensitive supramolecular assemblies for oral delivery of poorly water soluble drugs: preparation and characterization. J. Control. Release, 97, 301-312 (2004).
182. P. Satturwar, M. N. Eddine, F. Ravenelle and J. C. Leroux, pH-responsive polymeric micelles of poly(ethylene glycol)-bpoly( alkyl(meth)acrylate-co-methacrylic acid): Influence of the copolymer composition on self-assembling properties and release of candesartan cilexetil. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm., 65, 379-387 (2007).
183. P. Satturwar, G. Gaucher, M. C. Jones, A. Furtos and J. C. Leroux, Polymeric micelles for oral drug delivery. In: A Lavasanifar and Arshady R (Ed.). Polymeric Micelles and Related Nanodelivery Systems, Kentus Books, London, in press, (2008).
184. V. P. Sant, D. Smith and J. C. Leroux, Enhancement of oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs by poly (ethylene glycol)-block-poly(alkyl acrylate-co-methacrylic acid) self-assemblies. J. Control. Release, 104, 289-300 (2005).
185. L. Bromberg, Polymeric micelles in oral chemotherapy. J. Control. Release, 128, 99-112 (2008).
186. O. Fainaru, A. Adini, F. Cassiola, L. Bazinet, I. Adini, E. Pravda, Y. Nahmias, S. Koirala, G. Corfas, R. J. D'Amato and J. Folkman, An orally delivered small-molecule formulation with antiangiogenic and anticancer activity. Nat. Biotechnol., 26, 799-807 (2008).
187. 2 using dendritic surfactants. Nature, 389, 368-371 (1997).
188. Y. Sayed-Sweet, D. M. Hedstrand, R. Spinder and D. A. Tomalia, Hydrophobically modified poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers: Their properties at the air-water interface and use as nanoscopic container molecules. J. Mater. Chem., 7, 1199-1205 (1997).
189. D. R. Vutukuri, S. Basu and S. Thayumanavan, Dendrimers with both polar and apolar nanocontainer characteristics. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 126, 15636-15637 (2004).
190. A. Sunder, M. Kramer, R. Hanselmann, R. Mulhaupt and H. Frey, Molecular nanocapsules based on amphiphilic hyperbranched polyglycerols. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 38, 3552-3555 (1999).
191. Y. Chen, Z. Shen, H. Frey, J. Perez-Prieto and S. E. Stiriba, Synergistic assembly of hyperbranched polyethylenimine and fatty acids leading to unusual supramolecular nanocapsules. Chem. Commun., 6, 755-757 (2005).
192. L. Antonietti, C. Aymonier, U. Schlotterbeck, V. M. Garamus, T. Maksimova, W. Richtering and S. Mecking, Core-shellstructured highly branched poly(ethylenimine amide)s: synthesis and structure. Macromolecules, 38, 5914-5920 (2005).
193. J. Teng and E. R. Zubarev, Synthesis and self-assembly of a heteroarm star amphiphile with 12 alternating arms and a welldefined core. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 125, 11840-11841 (2003).
194. J. Xu and E. R. Zubarev, Supramolecular assemblies of starlike and V-shaped PB-PEO amphiphiles. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 43, 5491-5496 (2004).
195. M. C. Jones, H. Gao and J. C. Leroux, Reverse polymeric micelles for pharmaceutical applications. J. Control. Release, 132, 208-215 (2008).
196. M. C. Jones, P. Tewari, C. Blei, K. Hales, D. J. Pochan and J. C. Leroux, Self-assembled nanocages for hydrophilic guest molecules. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 128, 14599-14605 (2006).
197. H. Gao, M. C. Jones, P. Tewari, M. Ranger and J. C. Leroux, Star-shaped alkylated poly(glycerol methacrylate) reverse micelles: synthesis and evaluation of their solubilizing properties in dichloromethane. J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Chem., 45, 2425-2435 (2007).
198. J. Babin, M. Lepage and Y. Zhao, "Decoration" of shell crosslinked reverse polymer micelles using ATRP: A new route to stimuli-responsive nanoparticles. Macromolecules, 41, 1246-1253 (2008).
199. H. Gao, M. C. Jones, J. Chen, R. E. Prud'homme and J. C. Leroux, Core cross-linked reverse micelles from star-shaped polymers. Chem. Mat., 20, 3063-3067 (2008).
200. T. Segura and J. A. Hubbell, Synthesis and in vitro characterization of an ABC triblock copolymer for siRNA delivery. Bioconjugate Chem., 18, 736-745 (2007).
201. H. S. Yoo, E. A. Lee and T. G. Park, Doxorubicin-conjugated biodegradable polymeric micelles having acid-cleavable linkages. J. Control. Release 82, 17-27 (2002).
202. A. Venne, S. Li, R. Mandeville, A. Kabanov and V. Alakhov, Hypersensitizing effect of pluronic L61 on cytotoxic activity, transport and subcellular distribution of doxorubicin in multiple drugresistant cells. Cancer Res., 56, 3626-3629 (1996).
203. Y. Bae, N. Nishiyama, S. Fukushima, H. Koyama, M. Yasuhiro and K. Kataoka, Preparation and biological characterization of polymeric micelle drug carriers with intracellular pH-triggered drug release property: tumor permeability, controlled subcellular drug distribution and enhanced in vivo antitumor efficacy. Bioconjugate Chem., 16, 122-130 (2005).
204. N. Nishiyama, Y. Kato, Y. Sugiyama and K. Kataoka, Cisplatinloaded polymer-metal complex micelle with time-modulated decaying property as a novel drug delivery system. Pharm. Res., 18, 1035-1041 (2001).
205. N. Nishiyama, M. Yokoyama, T. Aoyagi, T. Okano, Y. Sakurai and K. Kataoka, Preparation and characterization of self-assembled polymer-metal complex micelle from cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum( II) and poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(α, β-aspartic acid) block copolymer in an aqueous medium. Langmuir, 15, 377-383 (1999).
206. E. V. Batrakova, D. W. Miller, S. Li, V. Y. Alakhov, Kabanov and W. F. Elmquist, Pluronic P85 enhances the delivery of digoxin to the brain: In vitro and in vivo studies. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 296, 551-557 (2001).