Persistent primitive trigeminal artery: A Review

Turkish Neurosurgery

Volumn 22, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 399-406

  Azab, Waleed ^a   Delashaw, Johnny ^b   Mohammed, Mohammed ^a  

^a IBN SINA HOSPITAL   (Kuwait)

^b OREGON HEALTH AND SCIENCE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Aneurysm; Artery; Trigeminal

Indexed keywords

EID: 84865979212     PISSN: 10195149     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.4427-11.1     Document Type: Review

References (86)

1. Ahmad Y, Tominaga T, Suzuki M, Ogawa A, Yoshimoto T: Primitive trigeminal artery associated with cavernous aneurysm. Case report. Surg Neurol 41:75-79,1994 (Pubitemid 24139620)
2. Ali S, Radaideh MM, Shaibani A, Russell EJ, Walker MT: Persistent trigeminal artery terminating in the posterior inferior cerebellar artery: Case report. Neurosurgery 62: E746-748,2008 (Pubitemid 351572752)
3. Arakawa T, Koizumi M, Terashima T, Honma S, Kawai K, Kodama K, Miki A: Two anatomical autopsy cases of direct communication between a persistent primitive trigeminal artery and an anterior inferior cerebellar artery. Ann Anat 189:489-498, 2007 (Pubitemid 47233247)
4. Asai K, Hasuo K, Hara T, Miyagishima T, Terano N: Traumatic persistent trigeminal artery-cavernous sinus fistula treated by transcatheter arterial embolization: A case report. Interv Neuroradiol 16:93-96,2010
5. Başkaya MK, Roberts R, Rivera E, Nanda A: Persistent primitive trigeminal artery associated with posterior communicating artery aneurysm and hypoplastic vertebral artery. Surg Radiol Anat 23:169-171, 2001 (Pubitemid 32640676)
6. Binet EF, Young RF: Bilateral persistent trigeminal arteries: Case report. J Neurosurg 47:619-622,1977 (Pubitemid 8193912)
7. Boyko OB, Curnes JT, Parker DL: MRI of basilar artery hypoplasia associated with persistent primitive trigeminal artery. Neuroradiology 38:11 -14,1996
8. Chambers A, Lukin A: Trigeminal artery connection to the posterior inferior cerebeblar arteries. Neuroradiology 9: 121-123,1975
9. Chan D, Boet R, Yu S, Poon WS: Trispan-assisted coiling of a wide-necked persistent trigeminal artery aneurysm. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 146:87-88,2004 (Pubitemid 38186214)
10. Chen YC, Li MH, Chen SW, Hu DJ, Qiao RH: Incidental findings of persistent primitive trigeminal artery on 3-Dimensional Time-of-Flight magnetic resonance angiography at 3.0 T: An analysis of 25 cases. J Neuroimaging 21(2):152-158, 2010 doi: 10.1111/j.1552-6569.2010.00472
11. Cloft HJ, Razack N, Kallmes DF: Prevalence of cerebral aneurysms in patients with persistent primitive trigeminal artery. J Neurosurg 90:865-867,1999 (Pubitemid 29200680)
12. Cobb SR, Hieshima GB, Mehrhger CM, Grinnell VS, Pribram HW: Persistent trigeminal artery variant: Carotid-anterior inferior cerebellar artery anastamosis. Surg Neurol 19: 263-266,1983 (Pubitemid 13160542)
13. Cook BE Jr, Leavitt JA, Dolan JW, Nichols DA: Carotid cavernous fistula associated with persistent primitive trigeminal artery. J Neuroophthalmol 20:264-265,2000
14. Davis RA, Wetzel N, Davis L: An analysis of the results of intracranial vascular lesions by carotid artery ligation. Ann Surg 143:641-648,1956
15. Dilenge D: The internal carotid artery. In: Newton TH, Potts DG, (eds), Radiology of the Skull and Brain. St Louis: Mosby, 1974:1202-1245
16. Enomoto T, Sato A, Maki Y: Carotid-cavernous sinus fistula caused by rupture of a primitive trigeminal artery aneurysm. Case report. J Neurosurg 46:373-376,1977 (Pubitemid 8050520)
17. Fields WS: The significance of persistent trigeminal artery. Carotid-basilar anastomosis. Radiology 91:1095-1101,1968
18. Fortner AA, Smoker WR: Persistent primitive trigeminal artery evaluated by MR imaging and angiography. J Comput Assist Tomogr 12:847-850,1988
19. Filatov luM, Eliava ShSh, Zolotukhin SP, Talanov AB: The persistent trigeminal artery in vascular brain diseases. Zh Vopr Neirokhir Im N N Burdenko 2:3-6,1998 (Article in Russian)
20. Freitas PE, Aquini MG, Chemale I: Persistent primitive trigeminal artery aneurysm. Surg Neurol 26:373-374,1986 (Pubitemid 16018330)
21. Fujii Y, Kawasaki S, Abe H, Yamada M, Yoshida Y: An autopsy case of a persistent primitive trigeminal artery aneurysm. No Shinkei Geka 16:181-186,1988 (Article in Japanese) (Pubitemid 18071575)
22. Fujimoto M, Nakahara I, Tanaka M, Iwamuro Y, Watanabe Y, Harada K: Multiple intracranial aneurysms and vascular abnormalities associated with neurofibromatosis type 1: A case report. No Shinkei Geka 32:355-359, 2004 (Article in Japanese) (Pubitemid 38801993)
23. George AE, Lin JP, Morantz RA: Intracranial aneurysm on a persistent primitive trigeminal artery. Case report. J Neurosurg 35:601-604,1971
24. Gimeno Peribãnez MJ, Pina Leita Jl, Lasierra Diaz R, Carro Alonso B: Persistent primitive trigeminal artery associated to aneurysm of the posterior communicating artery: A case report. Radiologia 49:351-354,2007 (Article in Spanish) (Pubitemid 47596690)
25. Guglielmi G, Vinuela F, Dion J, Duckwiler G, Cantore G, Delfini R: Persistent primitive trigeminal artery-cavernous sinus fistulas. Report of two cases. Neurosurgery 27:805-809,1990
26. Hanabusa K, Murao K, Morikawa A, Taki W, Waga S: Endovascular treatment for a ruptured persistent trigeminal artery variant aneurysm on the distal portion. Case report. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 40:637-640,2000 (Pubitemid 32014644)
27. Hattori T, Kobayashi H, Inoue S, Sakai N: Persistent primitive trigeminal artery associated with absence of internal carotid artery. Surg Neurol 50:352-355,1998 (Pubitemid 28514453)
28. Haughton VM, Rosenbaum AE, Pearce J: Internal carotid artery origins of the inferior cerebellar arteries. AJR Am J Roentgenol 130:1191-1192,1978 (Pubitemid 8352105)
29. Ikushima I, Arikawa S, Korogi Y, Uehara H, Komohara Y, Takahashi M: Basilar artery aneurysm treated with coil embolization via persistent primitive trigeminal artery. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 25:70-71,2002 (Pubitemid 36918869)
30. InoueT, Rhoton AL Jr,Theele D, Barry ME: Surgical approaches to the cavernous sinus: A microsurgical study. Neurosurgery 26:903-932,1990 (Pubitemid 20183226)
31. Karasawa J, Kikuchi H, Furuse S, Sakaki T, Yoshida Y, Ohnishi H: Bilateral persistent carotid- basilar anastomoses. Am J Roentgenol 127:1053-1056,1976 (Pubitemid 8003179)
32. Kato Y, Nagoya H, Furuya D, Deguchi I: Locked-in syndrome due to bilateral cerebral peduncular infarctions with occlusion of persistent primitive trigeminal artery. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 47:601-604,2007 (Article in Japanese) (Pubitemid 350071138)
33. Kerber CW, Manke W: Trigeminal artery to cavernous sinus fistula treated by balloon occlusion. Case report. J Neurosurg 58:611-613,1983 (Pubitemid 13121102)
34. Khodadad G: Persistent trigeminal artery in the fetus. Radiology 121:653-656,1976
35. Komiyama M, Kitano S, Sakamoto H, Shiomi M: An additional variant of the persistent primitive trigeminal artery: Accessory meningeal artery-Antero- superior cerebellar artery anastomosis associated with moyamoya disease. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 140:1037-1042,1998 (Pubitemid 28508694)
36. Kwak R, Kadoya S: Moyamoya disease associated with persistent primitive trigeminal artery: Report of two cases. J Neurosurg 59:166-171,1983 (Pubitemid 13065726)
37. Kwon JY, Lee EJ, Kim JS: Brainstem infarction secondary to persistent trigeminal artery occlusion: Successful treatment with intravenous rt-PA. Eur Neurol 64:311,2010
38. Lasjaunias P, Berenstein A: The internal maxillary system. In: Lasjaunias P, Berenstein A, (eds), Surgical Neuroangiography. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1987:33-121
39. Lee KS, Kelly DL Jr: Intrasellar persistent trigeminal artery associated with pituitary adenoma: Case report. J Neurosurg 70:271-273,1989 (Pubitemid 19051725)
40. Li MH, Li WB, Pan YP, Fang C, Wang W: Persistent primitive trigeminal artery associated with aneurysm: Report of two cases and review of the literature. Acta Radiol 45:664-668, 2004 (Pubitemid 44112735)
41. Lie TA: Congenital Anomalies of the Carotid Arteries. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica, 1968:52-70
42. Luh GY, Dean BL,TomsickTA, Wallace RC:The persistent fetal Carotid-Vertebrobasilar anastomoses. AJR 172:1427-1432, 1999 (Pubitemid 29507651)
43. Matosevic B, Kiechl S, Werner P, Hefel C, Willeit J, Chemelli A: A case of a traumatic trigeminal-cavernous fistula occluded by coil embolization. J Neuroimaging 21(3):280-282, 2011 doi: 10.1111/j.l 552-6569.2010.00528.x
44. McKenzie JD, Dean BL, Flom RA: Trigeminal-cavernous fistula: Saltzman anatomy revisited. Am J Neuroradiol 17: 280-282,1996 (Pubitemid 26067292)
45. Menkü A, Akdemir H,Tucer B, Kurtsoy A: Ruptured aneurysm associated with persistent primitive trigeminal artery: Report of a case with three dimensional CT angiographic evaluation. Turkish Neurosurgery 14:21-24,2004 (Pubitemid 40469567)
46. Memis A, Demirpolat G, Biceroglu S: Persistent trigeminal artery aneurysm: Treatment with coil embolization. J Vase Interv Radiol 18:459-461,2007 (Pubitemid 46616726)
47. Merry GS, Jamieson KG: Operative approach to persistent trigeminal artery producing facial pain and diplopia: Case report. J Neurosurg 47:613-618,1977 (Pubitemid 8193911)
48. Mohammed Ml, Sandhu JS, Wakhloo AK: Stent-assisted coil placement in a wide-necked persistent trigeminal artery aneurysm with jailing of the trigeminal artery: A case report. Am J Neuroradiol 23:437-441,2002 (Pubitemid 34241326)
49. Nakai Y, Yasuda S, Hyodo A, Yanaka K, Nose T: Infratentorial arteriovenous malformation associated with persistent primitive trigeminal artery-case report. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 40:572-574,2000
50. Nishio A, Nishijima Y, Komiyama M, Hara M: Primitive trigeminal artery variant aneurysm treated with Guglielmi detachable coils: Case report. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 41:446-449,2001 (Pubitemid 32899631)
51. Nutik S, Dilenge D: Carotid anterior cerebral artery anastomosis. J Neurosurg 44:378-382,1976
52. Ohshiro S, Inoue T, Hamada Y, Matsuno H: Branches of the persistent trigeminal artery-An autopsy case. Neurosurgery 32:144-148,1993 (Pubitemid 23020014)
53. Ohta H, Genmoto T, Yokota A: Multiple cerebral aneurysms and a contralateral occluded internal carotid artery associated with persistent primitive trigeminal artery. No Shinkei Geka 32:1045-1048,2004 (Article in Japanese) (Pubitemid 39469594)
54. Ohtakara K, Kuga Y, Murao K, Kojima T, Taki W, Waga S: Posterior fossa arteriovenous malformation associated with persistent primitive trigeminal artery-case report. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 40:169-172,2000 (Pubitemid 30204910)
55. Oka Y, Sadamoto K, Tagawa M, Kumon Y, Sakaki S, Fujita M: Transvenous embolization of carotid-cavernous sinus fistula associated with a primitive trigeminal artery case report. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 40:61-64,2000 (Pubitemid 30085642)
56. Okuno T, Nishiguchi T, Hayashi S, Miyamoto K, Terashita T, Itakura T, Moriwaki H, Komai N: A case of carotid superior cerebellar artery anastomosis associated with bilateral hypoplasia of the internal carotid artery represented as the rupture of posterior cerebral artery-posterior communicating artery aneurysm. No Shinkei Geka 16:1211-1217,1988 (Article in Japanese)
57. Onizuka M, Kazekawa K, Tsutsumi M, Kodama T, Aikawa H, Ikou M,Tomokiyo M, Matsubara S, Nii K,Tanaka A: Hyperform remodeling balloon for the balloon occlusion test of persistent primitive trigeminal artery aneurysm - case report. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 46:541-543,2006 (Pubitemid 46405691)
58. O'uchi E, O'uchi T: Persistent primitive trigeminal arteries (PTA) and its variant (PTAV): Analysis of 103 cases detected in 16,415 cases of MRA over 3 years. Neuroradiology 52: 1111-1119, 2010
59. Padget DH: Development of cranial arteries in human embryo. Contrib Embryol 32:205-262,1948
60. Parkinson D, Shields CB: Persistent trigeminal artery: Its relationship to the normal branches of the cavernous carotid. J Neurosurg 40:244-248,1974
61. Paksoy Y, Seker M, Kalkan E: Klippel-Feil syndrome associated with persistent trigeminal artery. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 29(9):E193-196, 2004
62. Pascual-Castroviejo I, Alvarez-Linera J, Coya J, Viafio J, Pascual-Pascual SI, Velazquez-Fragua R, Löpez-Gutierrez JC: Pascual-Castroviejo type II syndrome (P-CIIS). Importance of the presence of persistent embryonic arteries. Childs Nerv Syst 27(4):617-625, 2011 doi: 10.1007/s00381 -010-1242-7
63. Piotin M, Miralbes S, Cattin F, Marchal H, Amor-Sahli M, Moulin T, Bonneville JF: MRI and MR angiography of persistent trigeminal artery. Neuroradiology 38:730-733,1996 (Pubitemid 26390303)
64. Quain R:The Anatomy of the Arteries of the Human Body and Its Applications to Pathology and Operative Surgery, with a Series of Lithographic Drawings. London: Taylor and Walton, 1844
65. Raphaeli G, Bandeira A, Mine B, Brisbois D, Lubicz B: A rare variant of persistent trigeminal artery: Cavernous carotid-cerebellar artery anastomosis- a case report and a systematic review. Cerebellum 8:445-447,2009
66. Rossitti S, Raininko R: Absence of the common carotid artery in a patient with a persistent trigeminal artery variant. Clin Radiol 56:79-81,2001 (Pubitemid 32685192)
67. Salaş E, Ziyal ÝM, Sekhar LN, Wright DC: Persistent trigeminal artery: An anatomic study. Neurosurgery 43:557-562,1998
68. Saltzman GF: Patent primitive trigeminal arteries studied by cerebral angiography. Acta Radiol 51:329-336,1959
69. Schlamann M, Doerfler A, Schoch B, Forsting M, Wanke I: Balloon-assisted coil embolization of a posterior cerebral artery aneurysm via a persistent primitive trigeminal artery: Technical note. Neuroradiology 48:931-934,2006 (Pubitemid 44830810)
70. Schmid AH: Persistent trigeminal artery. An autopsy report. Neuroradiology 7:173-175,1974
71. Scotti G: Anterior inferior cerebellar artery originating from the cavernous portion of the internal carotid artery. Radiology 116:93-94,1975
72. Shioya H, Kikuchi K, Suda Y, Shindo K: Persistent primitive trigeminal artery presenting with Weber's syndrome: Report of a case with three-dimensional CTangiographic evaluations. No To Shinkei 52:315-319,2000 (Article in Japanese) (Pubitemid 30241953)
73. Siqueira M, Piske R, Ono M, Marino R Jr: Cerebellar arteries originating from the internal carotid artery. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 14:1229-1235,1993 (Pubitemid 23281360)
74. Suttner N, Mura J, Tedeschi H, Ferreira M, Wen H, de Oliveira E, Rhoton AL Jr: Persistent trigeminal artery: A unique anatomic specimen- analysis and therapeutic implications. Neurosurgery 47:428-434,2000 (Pubitemid 32049349)
75. Sutton D: Anomalous carotid-basilar anastomosis. Br J Radiol 23:617-619,1950
76. TakaseT,Tanabe H, Kondo A, Nonoguchi N,Tane K: Surgically treated aneurysm of the trunk of the persistent primitive trigeminal artery-case report. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 44:420-423,2004 (Pubitemid 39243820)
77. Talanov AB, Filatov luM, Eliava ShSh, Novikov AE, Kulishova laG: Arteriovenous malformation of septum pellucidum in combination with persistent trigeminal neuralgia. Zh Vopr Neirokhir Ým N N Burdenko 4:50-53,2009 (Article in Russian)
78. Teal JS, Raumbaugh CL, Bergeron AT, Scanban AL, Segall H: Persistent carotid-superior cerebellar artery: A variant of persistent trigeminal artery. Radiology 103:335-341,1972
79. Teal JS, Rumbaugh CL, Segall H, Bergeron AT: Anomalous branches of the internal carotid artery. Radiology 106: 567-573,1973
80. Tokunaga K, Sugiu K, Kameda M, Sakai K,Terasaka K, Higashi T, Date I: Persistent primitive trigeminal artery-cavernous sinus fistula with intracerebral hemorrhage: Endovascular treatment using detachable coils in a transarterial double-catheter technique. Case report and review of the literature. J Neurosurg 101:697-699,2004 (Pubitemid 43186434)
81. Tran-Dinh H, Dorsch N, Soo Y: Ectasia and fenestration of the anterior cerebral artery associated with persistent trigeminal artery: Case report. Neurosurgery 31:125-128,1992
82. Tschabitscher M, Weber M, Georgopoulos M: The persistent trigeminal artery and its topographical relations. Acta Anat (Basel) 138:84-88,1990 (Pubitemid 20210059)
83. Tulsi RS, Locket NA: Persistent trigeminal artery: An anatomical study. Aust N Z J Surg 55:397-402,1985 (Pubitemid 16184903)
84. Turkoglu E, Arat A, Patel N, Kertmen H, Başkaya MK: Anterior communicating artery aneurysm associated with an infraoptic course of anterior cerebral artery and rare variant of the persistent trigeminal artery: A case report and literature review. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2011.doi.org/10.1016/j. clineuro.2010.12.009
85. Wismer GL: Circle of Willis variant analogous to fetal type primitive trigeminal artery. Neuroradiology 31:366-368,1989 (Pubitemid 19239764)
86. Wolpert SM: The trigeminal artery and associated aneurysms. Neurology 16:610-614,1966