How not to feel good naked? the effects of television programs that use "real women" on female viewers' body image and mood

Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology

Volumn 31, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 151-168

  Swami, Viren ^a,b   Smith, Joana Marie ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WESTMINSTER   (United Kingdom)

^b HELP UNIVERSITY   (Malaysia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84865879350     PISSN: 07367236     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1521/jscp.2012.31.2.151     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Agliatta, D., & Tantleff-Dunn, S. (2004). The impact of media exposure on males' body image. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 23, 7-22. (Pubitemid 38361624)
2. Anderson, A. E., & DiDomenico, L. (1992). Diet vs. shape content in popular male and female magazines: A dose-response relationship to the incidence of eating disorders? International Journal of Eating Disorders, 11, 283-287.
3. Anschutz, D. J., Engels, R.C.M.E., Becker, E. S., & van Strien, T. (2008). The bold and the beautiful: Influence of body size of televised media models on body dissatisfaction and actual food intake. Appetite, 51, 530-537.
4. Anschutz, D. J., Engels, R.C.M.E., Becker, E. S., & van Strien, T. (2009). The effects of TV commercials using less thin models on young women's mood, body image, and actual food intake. Body Image, 6, 270-276.
5. Anschutz, D. J., Spruijt-Metz, D., van Strien, T., & Engels, R.C.M.E. (2011). The direct effect of thin ideal focused adult television on young girls' ideal body figure. Body Image, 8, 26-33.
6. Anschutz, D. J., van Strien, T., & Engels, R.C.M.E. (2008). Exposure to slim images in mass media: Television commercials as reminders of restriction in restrained eaters. Health Psychology, 27, 401-408.
7. Bardone-Cone, A. M., & Cass, K. M. (2007). What does viewing a pro-anorexia website do? Experimental examination of website exposure and moderating effects. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 40, 537-548. (Pubitemid 47293821)
8. Brundson, C. (2004). Taste and time on television. Screen, 45, 114-129.
9. Cash, T. F. (2004). Body image: Past, present, and future. Body Image, 1, 1-5. (Pubitemid 40105789)
10. Cattarin, J. A., Thompson, J. K., Thomas, C. M., & Williams, R. (2000). Body image, mood, and televised images of attractiveness: The role of social comparison. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 19, 220-239.
11. Cook, T. D., & Campbell, D. T. (1979). Quasi-experimentation: Design and analysis issues for field settings. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.
12. Cusumano, D. L., & Thompson, J. K. (1997). Body image and body shape ideals in magazines: Exposure, awareness, and internalization. Sex Roles, 37, 701-721. (Pubitemid 127356282)
13. Dalley, S. E., & Buunk, A. P. (2009). "Thinspiration" vs. "fear of fat": Using prototypes to predict frequent weight-loss dieting in females. Appetite, 52, 217-221.
14. Dittmar, H., Halliwell, E., & Stirling, E. (2009). Understanding the impact of thin media models on women's body-focused affect: The roles of thin-ideal internalization and weight-related self-discrepancy activation in experimental exposure effects. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 28, 43-72.
15. Dittmar, H., & Howard, S. (2004). Ideal-body internalization and social comparison tendency as moderators as of thin media models' impact on women's bodyfocused anxiety. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 23, 768-791. (Pubitemid 40145083)
16. Etcoff, N., Orbach, S., Scott, J., & D'Agostino, H. (2004). The real truth about beauty (a global report): Findings of the global study on women, beauty, and wellbeing. Retrieved from http://www.campaignforrealbeauty.ca.
17. Grabe, S., Ward, L. M., & Hyde, J. S. (2008). The role of the media in body image concerns among women: A meta-analysis of experimental and correlational studies. Psychological Bulletin, 134, 460-476.
18. Groesz, L. M., Levine, M. P., & Murnen, S. K. (2002). The effect of experimental presentation of thin media images on body satisfaction: A meta-analytic review. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 31, 1-16. (Pubitemid 34028007)
19. Halliwell, E., & Dittmar, H. (2004). Does size matter? The impact of model's body size on advertising effectiveness and women's body-focused anxiety. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 23, 249-261.
20. Hargreaves, D., & Tiggemann, M. (2003). Longer-term implications of responsiveness to 'thin-ideal' television: Support for a cumulative hypothesis of body image disturbance? European Eating Disorders Review, 11, 465-477. (Pubitemid 37493044)
21. Hargreaves, D., & Tiggemann, M. (2004). Idealized media images and adolescent body image: "Comparing" boys and girls. Body Image, 1, 351-361. (Pubitemid 40019396)
22. Heinberg, L. J., & Thompson, J. K. (1995). Body image and televised images of thinness and attractiveness: A controlled laboratory investigation. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 14, 325-338. (Pubitemid 126021344)
23. Heiss, S. N. (2011). Locating the bodies of women and disability in definitions of beauty: An analysis of Dove's Campaign for Real Beauty. Disability Studies Quarterly, 31. Retrieved from http://www.dsq-sds.org/issue/ view/48.
24. Hesse-Biber, S., Leavy, P., Quinn, C., & Zoino, J. (2006). The mass marketing of disordered eating and eating disorders: The social psychology of women, thinness and culture. Women's Studies International Forum, 29, 208-224. (Pubitemid 43871941)
25. Kim, J. (2009, May). Are you feeling better about your body image? Self-disclosure and psychosocial benefits in Dove's "Campaign for Real Beauty" online discussion forum. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Communication Association, Chicago, IL.
26. Levine, M. P., & Murnen, S. K. (2009). "Everybody knows that mass media are/are not [pick one] a cause of eating disorders": A critical review of evidence for a causal link between media, negative body image, and disordered eating in females. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 28, 9-42.
27. Levine, M. P., & Smolak, L. (1996). Media as a context for the development of disordered eating. In L. Smolak, M. P. Levine, & R. Striegel-Moore (Eds.), The developmental psychopathology of eating disorders (pp. 183-204). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
28. Murnen, S. K., Levine, M. P., Groesz, L., & Smith, J. (2007, August). Do fashion magazines promote body dissatisfaction in girls and women? A meta-analytic review. Paper presented at the 115th meeting of the American Psychology Association, San Francisco, CA.
29. Neumark-Sztainer, D., Paxton, S. J., Hannan, P. J., Haines, J. & Story, M. (2006). Does body satisfaction matter? Five-year longitudinal associations between body satisfaction and health behaviors in adolescent females and males. Journal of Adolescent Health, 39, 244-251. (Pubitemid 44062335)
30. Paxton, S. J., Neumark-Sztainer, D., Hannan, P., & Eisenberg, M. E. (2006). Body dissatisfaction prospectively predicts depressive symptoms and low self-esteem in adolescent girls and boys. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 35, 539-549. (Pubitemid 44759733)
31. Reed, D. L., Thompson, J. K., Brannick, M. T., & Sacco, W. P. (1991). Development and validation of the Physical Appearance State and Trait Anxiety Scale (PASTAS). Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 5, 323-332.
32. Relf, C. (2011, March 14). Curvy + hairy + size 10 = Real woman? The Guardian. Retrieved from http://www.guardian.co.uk.
33. Rodin, J., Silberstein, L., & Striegel-Moore, R. (1984). Women and weight: A normative discontent. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 32, 267-307.
34. Schwartz, M. B., Thomas, J. J., Bohan, K. M., & Vartanian, L. R. (2007). Intended and unintended effects of an eating disorder educational program: Impact of presenter identity. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 40, 187-192. (Pubitemid 46294392)
35. Smith, A. (2010). Lifestyle television programmes and the construct of the expert host. European Journal of Cultural Studies, 13, 191-205.
36. Smolak, L. (2006). Body image. In J. Worell & C. D. Goodheart (Eds.), Handbook of girls' and women's psychological health: Gender and well-being across the lifespan. Oxford series in clinical psychology (pp. 69-76). New York: Oxford University Press.
37. Stice, E. (1994). Review of the evidence for a sociocultural model of bulimia nervosa and an exploration of the mechanisms of action. Clinical Psychology Review, 14, 633-661.
38. Stice, E., Schupak-Neuberg, E., Shaw, H. E., & Stein, R. I. (1994). Relation of media exposure to eating disorder symptomatology: An examination of mediating mechanisms. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103, 836-840. (Pubitemid 24349370)
39. Swami, V., Airs, N., Chouhan, B., Padilla Leon, M. A., & Towell, T. (2009). Are there ethnic differences in positive body image among female British undergraduates? European Psychologist, 14, 288-296.
40. Swami, V., Frederick, D. A., Aavik, T., Alcalay, L., Allik, J., Anderson, D., et al. (2010). Body weight ideals and body dissatisfaction in 26 countries across 10 world regions: Results of the International Body Project I. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 36, 309-325.
41. Thompson, J. K. (1992). Body image: Extent of disturbance, associated features, theoretical models, assessment methodologies, intervention strategies, and a proposal for a new DSM-IV diagnostic category: Body image disorder. In M. Hersen, R. M. Eisler, & P. M. Miller (Eds.), Progress in behavior modification (pp. 3-54). Sycamore, IL: Academic Press.
42. Thompson, J. K. (2004). The (mis)measuring of body image: Ten strategies to improve assessment for applied and research purposes. Body Image, 1, 7-14. (Pubitemid 40105790)
43. Thompson, J. K., Heinberg, L. J., Altabe, M., & Tantleff-Dunn, S. (1999). Exacting beauty: Theory, assessment, and treatment of body image disturbance. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
44. Thompson, J. K., van den Berg, P., Roehrig, M., Guarda, A. S., & Heinberg, J. L. (2004). The Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Scale-3 (SATAQ-3): Development and validation. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 35, 294-304.
45. Tiggemann, M. (2003). Media exposure, body dissatisfaction, and disordered eating: Television and magazines are not the same! European Eating Disorders Review, 11, 418-430. (Pubitemid 37180102)