Wind tunnel measurements for dispersion modelling of vehicle wakes

Atmospheric Environment

Volumn 62, Issue , 2012, Pages 9-25

  Carpentieri, Matteo ^a   Kumar, Prashant ^a   Robins, Alan ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SURREY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Dispersion modelling; Mixing processes; Near and far wake; Vehicle wake dispersion; Wind tunnel measurements

Indexed keywords

CAR MODELS; CONCENTRATION FIELDS; DISPERSION MODELLING; EXPERIMENTAL DATABASE; FIELD MEASUREMENT; GENERALISATION; IN-VEHICLE; MEASURED FIELD; MIXING PROCESS; POLLUTANT DISPERSIONS; PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT; REDUCED SCALE; VEHICLE WAKE; WAKE MODEL; WAKE REGION; WIND TUNNEL MEASUREMENTS;

EXPERIMENTS; MODEL AUTOMOBILES; VEHICLES; WIND TUNNELS;

WAKES;

ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION; CONCENTRATION (COMPOSITION); DISPERSION; EXPERIMENTAL STUDY; MIXING; NUMERICAL MODEL; PARAMETERIZATION; TURBULENCE; WAKE; WIND TUNNEL;

AIRFLOW; ARTICLE; CONCENTRATION (PARAMETERS); DATA BASE; GEOMETRY; MEASUREMENT; MOTOR VEHICLE; PARAMETERS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; VEHICLE WAKE; WIND TUNNEL MEASUREMENT;

EID: 84865823400     PISSN: 13522310     EISSN: 18732844     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.08.019     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Ahmad K., Khare M., Chaudhry K.K. Model vehicle movement system in wind tunnels for exhaust dispersion studies under various urban street configurations. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 2002, 90:1051-1064.
2. Ahmed S.R. An experimental study of the wake structures of typical automobile shapes. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 1981, 9(1-2):49-62.
3. Albriet B., Sartelet K.N., Lacour S., Carissimo B., Seigneur C. Modelling aerosol number distributions from a vehicle exhaust with an aerosol CFD model. Atmospheric Environment 2010, 44:1126-1137.
4. Al-Garni A.M., Bernal L.P. Experimental study of a pickup truck near wake. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 2010, 98:100-112.
5. Atkinson R.W., Fuller G.W., Anderson H.R., Harrison R.M., Armstrong B. Urban ambient particle metrics and health: a time-series analysis. Epidemiology 2010, 21:501-511.
6. Baker C.J. Outline of a novel method for the prediction of atmospheric pollution dispersal from road vehicles. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 1996, 65(1-3):395-404.
7. Baker C.J. Flow and dispersion in ground vehicle wakes. Journal of Fluids and Structures 2001, 15(7):1031-1060.
8. Baker C.J., Hargreaves D.M. Wind tunnel evaluation of a vehicle pollution dispersion model. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 2001, 89:187-200.
9. Brugge D., Durant J.L., Rioux C. Near-highway pollutants in motor vehicle exhaust: a review of epidemiologic evidence of cardiac and pulmonary health risks. Environmental Health 2007, 6:23.
10. Carpentieri M., Kumar P. Ground-fixed and on-board measurements of nanoparticles in the wake of a moving vehicle. Atmospheric Environment 2011, 45(32):5837-5852.
11. Carpentieri M., Kumar P., Robins A. An overview of experimental results and dispersion modelling of nanoparticles in the wake of moving vehicles. Environmental Pollution 2011, 159(3):685-693.
12. Chang V.W.-C., Hildemann L.M., Chang C.-h. Wind tunnel measurements of the dilution of tailpipe emissions downstream of a car, a light-duty truck, and a heavy-duty truck tractor head. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 2009, 59:704-714.
13. Chang V.W.-C., Hildemann L.M., Chang C.-h. Dilution rates for tailpipe emissions: effect of vehicle shape, tailpipe position and exhaust velocity. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 2009, 59:715-724.
14. Clifford M.J., Clarke R., Riffat S.B. Local aspects of vehicular pollution. Atmospheric Environment 1997, 31:271-276.
15. Di Sabatino S., Kastner-Klein P., Berkowicz R., Britter R.E., Fedorovich E. The modelling of turbulence from traffic in urban dispersion models - part I: theoretical considerations. Environmental Fluid Mechanics 2003, 3(2):129-143.
16. Dong G., Chan T.L. Large eddy simulation of flow structures and pollutant dispersion in the near-wake region of a light-duty diesel vehicle. Atmospheric Environment 2006, 40(6):1104-1116.
17. Eskridge R.E., Hunt J.C.R. Highway modeling. Part I: prediction of velocity and turbulence fields in the wake of vehicles. Journal of Applied Meteorology 1979, 18(4):387-400.
18. Eskridge R.E., Rao S.T. Turbulent diffusion behind vehicles: experimentally determined turbulence mixing parameters. Atmospheric Environment 1986, 20:851-860.
19. Eskridge R.E., Thompson R.S. Experimental and theoretical study of the wake of a block-shaped vehicle in a shear-free boundary flow. Atmospheric Environment - Part A: General Topics 1982, 16:2821-2836.
20. Hackett, J.E., Williams, J.E., Baker, J.B., Wallis, S.B., 1987. On the Influence of Ground Movement and Wheel Rotation in Tests on Modern Car Shapes. SAE Technical Paper Series Technical Report 870245.
21. Hider Z.E., Hibberd S., Baker C.J. Modelling particulate dispersion in the wake of a vehicle. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 1997, 67-68:733-744.
22. Huang J.F., Chan T.L., Zhou Y. Three-dimensional flow structure measurements behind a queue of studied model vehicles. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow 2009, 30:647-657.
23. Hucho W.-H. Aerodynamics of Road Vehicles: From Fluid Mechanics to Vehicle Engineering 1987, Butterworths, p. 566.
24. Kanda I., Uehara K., Yamao Y., Yoshiwara Y., Morikawa T. A wind-tunnel study on exhaust gas dispersion from road vehicles - part I: velocity and concentration fields behind single vehicles. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 2006, 94(9):639-658.
25. Kanda I., Uehara K., Yamao Y., Yoshiwara Y., Morikawa T. A wind-tunnel study on exhaust-gas dispersion from road vehicles-part II: effect of vehicle queues. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 2006, 94(9):659-673.
26. Kastner-Klein, P., Berkowicz, R., Fedorovich, E., 2001a. Evaluation of scaling concepts for traffic-produced turbulence based on laboratory and full-scale concentration measurements in street canyons. In: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Urban Air Quality 19-23 March 2001, Loutraki, Greece.
27. Kastner-Klein P., Fedorovich E., Rotach M. A wind tunnel study of organised and turbulent air motions in urban street canyons. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 2001, 89:849-861.
28. Kastner-Klein P., Berkowicz R., Plate E.J. Modelling of vehicle induced turbulence in air pollution studies for streets. International Journal of Environment and Pollution 2000, 14:496-507.
29. Kastner-Klein P., Fedorovich E., Sini J.F., Mestayer P.G. Experimental and numerical verification of similarity concept for diffusion of car exhaust gases in urban street canyons. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 2000, 65:353-361.
30. Kastner-Klein P., Fedorovich E., Ketzel M., Berkowicz R., Britter R. The modelling of turbulence from traffic in urban dispersion models - part II: evaluation against laboratory and full-scale concentration measurements in street canyons. Environmental Fluid Mechanics 2003, 3:145-172.
31. Ketzel M., Berkowicz R. Modelling the fate of ultrafine particles from exhaust pipe to rural background: an analysis of time scales for dilution, coagulation and deposition. Atmospheric Environment 2004, 38:2639-2652.
32. Khare M., Chaudhry K.K., Gowda R.M.M., Ahmad K. Heterogeneous traffic induced effects on vertical dispersion parameter in the near field of roadways - a wind tunnel study. Environmental Modeling and Assessment 2002, 7:9-15.
33. Kumar P., Robins A., Britter R. Fast response measurements for the dispersion of nanoparticles in a vehicle wake and in a street canyon. Atmospheric Environment 2009, 43:6110-6118.
34. Kumar P., Robins A., Vardoulakis S., Britter R. A review of the characteristics of nanoparticles in the urban atmosphere and the prospects for developing regulatory controls. Atmospheric Environment 2010, 44:5035-5052.
35. Kumar P., Gurjar B.R., Nagpure A., Harrison R.M. Preliminary estimates of nanoparticle number emissions from road vehicles in megacity Delhi and associated health impacts. Environmental Science and Technology 2011, 45:5514-5521.
36. Kumar P., Ketzel M., Vardoulakis S., Pirjola L., Britter R. Dynamics and dispersion modelling of nanoparticles from road traffic in the urban atmsopheric environment - a review. Journal of Aerosol Science 2011, 42:580-603.
37. Pohjola M., Pirjola L., Kukkonen J., Kulmala M. Modelling of the influence of aerosol processes for the dispersion of vehicular exhaust plumes in street environment. Atmospheric Environment 2003, 37:339-351.
38. Richards, K., 2002. Computational Modelling of Pollution Dispersion in the Near Wake of a Vehicle. PhD Thesis, University of Nottingham.
39. Robins, A.G., Apsley, D.D., 2009. Modelling of Building Effects in ADMS. Technical Specification Paper ADMS 4, P16/01S/09, CERC.
40. Shaw C.T., Garry K.P., Gress T. Using singular systems analysis to characterise the flow in the wake of a model passenger vehicle. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 2000, 80:1-30.
41. Snyder, W.H., 1981. Guideline for Fluid Modeling of Atmospheric Diffusion. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Report EPA-600/8-81-009.
42. Vardoulakis S., Fisher B.E.A., Pericleous K., Gonzalez-Flesca N. Modelling air quality in street canyons: a review. Atmospheric Environment 2003, 37(2):155-182.