How predictable are "spontaneous decisions" and "hidden intentions"? Comparing classification results based on previous responses with multivariate pattern analysis of fMRI BOLD signals

Frontiers in Psychology

Volumn 3, Issue MAR, 2012, Pages

  Lages, Martin ^a   Jaworska, Katarzyna ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Classification; Decision making; Free will; Frontal cortex; Prediction accuracy; Response bias; Sequential dependencies

Indexed keywords

EID: 84865797941     PISSN: None     EISSN: 16641078     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00056     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Anderson, M. L., and Oates, T. (2010). "A critique of multi-voxel pattern analysis," in Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, Portland.
2. Bakan, P. (1960). Response-tendencies in attempts to generate random binary series. Am.J.Psychol.73, 127-131.
3. Bode, S., He, A. H., Soon, C. S., Trampel, R., Turner, R., and Haynes, J. D. (2011). Tracking the unconscious generation of free decisions using ultra-high field fMRI. PLoS ONE 6, e21612. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0021612.
4. Boorman, E. D., Behrens, T. E. J., Woolrich, M. W., and Rushworth, M. F. S. (2009). How green is the grass on the other side? Frontopolar cortex and the evidence in favor of alternative courses of action. Neuron 62, 733-743.
5. Brass, M., and Haggard, P. (2008). The what, when, whether model of intentional action. Neuroscientist 14, 319-325.
6. Burgess, P. W., Quayle, A., and Frith, C. D. (2001). Brain regions involved in prospective memory as determined by positron emission tomography. Neuropsychologia 39, 545-555.
7. Christoff, K., and Gabrieli, J. D. (2000). The frontopolar cortex and human cognition: evidence for a rostrocaudal hierarchical organization within the human prefrontal cortex. Psychobiology 28, 168-186.
8. Christoff, K., Prabhakaran, V., Dorfman, J., Zhao, Z., Kroger, J. K., Holyoak, K. J., and Gabrieli, J. D. E. (2001). Rostrolateral prefrontal cortex involvement in relational integration during reasoning. NeuroImage 14, 1136-1149.
9. Frith, C. (2007). Making up the Mind: How the Brain Creates our Mental World. New York: Blackwell.
10. Haggard, P. (2008). Human volition: towards neuroscience of will. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 9, 934-946.
11. Hanke, M., Halchenko, Y. O., Haxby, J. V., and Pollmann, S. (2010). Statistical learning analysis in neuroscience: aiming for transparency. Front. Neurosci. 4:38-43. doi:10.3389/neuro.01.007.2010.
12. Hanson, S. J., and Halchenko, Y. O. (2008). Brain reading using full brain support vector machines for object recognition: there is no "face" identification area. Neural Comput. 20, 486-503.
13. Haxby, J. V., Gobbini, M. I., Furey, M. L., Ishai, A., Schouten, J. L., and Pietrini, P. (2001). Distributed and overlapping representations of faces and objects in ventral temporal cortex. Science 293, 2425-2430.
14. Haynes, J. D., Sakai, K., Rees, G., Gilbert, S., Frith, C., and Passingham, R. E. (2007). Reading hidden intentions in the human brain. Curr. Biol. 17, 323-328.
15. Heisenberg, M. (2009). Is free will an illusion? Nature 459, 164-165.
16. Herron, J. E., Henson, R. N., and Rugg, M. D. (2004). Probability effects on the neural correlates of retrieval success: an fMRI study. Neuroimage 21, 302-310.
17. Jahanshahi, M., Dirnberger, G., Fuller, R., and Frith, C. D. (2000). The role of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in random number generation: a study with positron emission tomography. Neuroimage 12, 713-725.
18. Jäkel, F., Schölkopf, B., and Wichmann, F. A. (2007). A tutorial on kernel methods for categorization. J. Math. Psychol. 51, 343-358.
19. Koechlin, E., and Hyafil, A. (2007). Anterior prefrontal function and the limits of human decision-making. Science 318, 594-598.
20. Kriegeskorte, N., Simmons, W. K., Bellgowan, P. S. F., and Baker, C. I. Circular analysis in systems neuroscience: the dangers of double dipping. Nat. Neurosci. 12, 535-540.
21. Krieghoff, V., Brass, M., Prinz, W., and Waszak, F. (2009). Dissociating what and when of intentional actions. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 3:3. doi:10.3389/neuro.09.003.2009.
22. Kroger, J. K., Sabb, F. W., Fales, C. I., Bookheimer, S. Y., Cohen, M. S., and Holyoak, K. J. (2002). Recruitment of anterior dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in human reasoning: a parametric study of relational complexity. Cereb. Cortex 12, 477-485.
23. Kvam, P. H., and Vidakovic, B. (2007). Nonparametric Statistics with Applications to Science and Engineering. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Inc.
24. Lages, M. (1999). Algebraic Decomposition on of Individual Choice Behavior. Materialien aus der Bildungsforschung' No. 63. Berlin: Max Planck Institute for Human Development.
25. Lages, M. (2002). Ear decomposition for pair comparison data. J. Math. Psychol. 46, 19-39.
26. Lages, M., and Paul, A. (2006). Visual long-term memory for spatial frequency? Psychon. Bull. Rev. 13, 486-492.
27. Lages, M., and Treisman, M. (1998). Spatial frequency discrimination: visual long-term memory or criterion setting? Vision Res. 38, 557-572.
28. Lages, M., and Treisman, M. (2010). A criterion setting theory of discrimination learning that accounts for anisotropies and context effects. Seeing Perceiving 23, 401-434.
29. Lau, H. C., Rogers, R. D., Haggard, P., and Passingham, R. E. (2004). Attention to intention. Science 303, 1208-1210.
30. LePage, M., Ghaffar, O., Nyberg, L., and Tulving, E. (2000). Prefrontal cortex and episodic memory retrieval mode. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97, 506-511.
31. Leuthold, H., Sommer, W., and Ulrich, R. (2004). Preparing for action: inferences from CNV and LRP. J. Psychophysiol. 18, 77-88.
32. Libet, B., Gleason, C. A., Wright, E. W., and Pearl, D. K. (1983). Time of conscious intention to act in relation to onset of cerebral activity (readinesspotential). The unconscious initiation of a freely voluntary act. Brain 106, 623-642.
33. Lilliefors, H. (1967). On the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for normality with mean and variance unknown. J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 62, 399-402.
34. Luce, R. D. (1986). Response Times. Their Role in Inferring Elementary Mental Organization. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
35. Mobbs, D., Lau, H. C., Jones, O. D., and Frith, C. D. (2007). Law, responsibility, and the brain. PLoS Biol. 5, e103. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio. 0050103.
36. Pereira, F., Mitchell, T., and Botvinick, M. M. (2009). Machine learning classifiers and fMRI: a tutorial overview. Neuroimage 45, S199-S209.
37. Ramnani, N., and Owen, A. M. (2004). Anterior prefrontal cortex: insights into function from anatomy and neuroimaging. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 5, 184-194.
38. Rolls, E. T., and Deco, G. (2011). Prediction of decisions from noise in the brain before the evidence is provided. Front. Neurosci. 5:33. doi:10.3389/fnins.2011.00033.
39. Sakai, K., and Passingham, R. E. (2003). Prefrontal interactions reflect future task operations. Nat. Neurosci. 6, 75-81.
40. Soon, C. S., Brass, M., Heinze, H. J., and Haynes, J. D. (2008). Unconscious determinants of free decisions in the human brain. Nat. Neurosci. 11, 543-545.
41. Treisman, M., and Faulkner, A. (1987). Generation of random sequences by human subjects: cognitive operations or psychophysical process. J. Exp. Psychol. Gen. 116, 337-355.
42. Treisman, M., and Lages, M. (2010). Sensory integration across modalities: how kinaesthesia integrates with vision in visual orientation discrimination. Seeing Perceiving 23, 435-462.
43. Trevena, J., and Miller, J. (2010). Brain preparation before voluntary action: evidence against unconscious movement initiation. Conscious. Cogn. 19, 447-456.