메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 222, Issue 1-3, 2012, Pages 40-46

First systematic evaluation of the potency of Cannabis sativa plants grown in Albania

Author keywords

Cannabinoid content; Cannabis sativa; D9 tetrahydrocannabinol; GC MS analysis

Indexed keywords

CANNABINOID; CANNABINOL; CANNABIS; DRONABINOL; RAIN;

EID: 84865658182     PISSN: 03790738     EISSN: 18726283     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.04.032     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (32)

References (45)
  • 1
    • 70849088937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Innovative development and validation of an HPLC/DAD method for the qualitative and quantitative determination of major cannabinoids in cannabis plant material
    • Backer B., Derbus B., Lebrun P., Theunis L., Dubois N., Decock L., Verstraete A., Hubert P., Charlier C. Innovative development and validation of an HPLC/DAD method for the qualitative and quantitative determination of major cannabinoids in cannabis plant material. J. Chromatogr. B 2009, 877:4115-4124.
    • (2009) J. Chromatogr. B , vol.877 , pp. 4115-4124
    • Backer, B.1    Derbus, B.2    Lebrun, P.3    Theunis, L.4    Dubois, N.5    Decock, L.6    Verstraete, A.7    Hubert, P.8    Charlier, C.9
  • 2
    • 34447562769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabis tea revisited: a systematic evaluation of the cannabinoid composition of cannabis tea
    • Hazekamp A., Bastola K., Rashidi H., Bender J., Verpoorte R. Cannabis tea revisited: a systematic evaluation of the cannabinoid composition of cannabis tea. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2007, 113:85-90.
    • (2007) J. Ethnopharmacol. , vol.113 , pp. 85-90
    • Hazekamp, A.1    Bastola, K.2    Rashidi, H.3    Bender, J.4    Verpoorte, R.5
  • 3
    • 85168039303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Office of National Drug Control Policy, What Americans need to know about marijuana, Annual Report ONDCP, 2003.
    • Office of National Drug Control Policy, What Americans need to know about marijuana, Annual Report ONDCP, 2003.
  • 5
    • 85168039625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (accessed 08.04.12).
    • (accessed 08.04.12). http://www.moh.gov.al/faqet/ligje/PerdisashtesadhendryshimeneLigjinNR7975.pdf.
  • 6
    • 20444459857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative GC-MS analysis of D9-tetrahydrocannabinol in fiber hemp varieties
    • Hewavitharana A.K., Golding G., Tempany G., King G., Holling N. Quantitative GC-MS analysis of D9-tetrahydrocannabinol in fiber hemp varieties. J. Anal. Toxicol. 2005, 29(4):258-261.
    • (2005) J. Anal. Toxicol. , vol.29 , Issue.4 , pp. 258-261
    • Hewavitharana, A.K.1    Golding, G.2    Tempany, G.3    King, G.4    Holling, N.5
  • 7
    • 77952651099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The endocannabinoid system as a target for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease
    • Scotter E.L., Abood M.E., Glass M. The endocannabinoid system as a target for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease. Br. J. Pharmacol. 2010, 160:480-498.
    • (2010) Br. J. Pharmacol. , vol.160 , pp. 480-498
    • Scotter, E.L.1    Abood, M.E.2    Glass, M.3
  • 10
    • 0035135376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic aspects of cannabis and cannabinoids
    • Robson Ph. Therapeutic aspects of cannabis and cannabinoids. Br. J. Psychiatry 2001, 178:107-115.
    • (2001) Br. J. Psychiatry , vol.178 , pp. 107-115
    • Robson, P.1
  • 11
    • 37849029289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A possible role for the endocannabinoid system in the neurobiology of depression
    • Serra G., Fratta W. A possible role for the endocannabinoid system in the neurobiology of depression. Clin. Pract. Epidemiol. Mental Health 2007, 19:3-25.
    • (2007) Clin. Pract. Epidemiol. Mental Health , vol.19 , pp. 3-25
    • Serra, G.1    Fratta, W.2
  • 12
    • 11144341467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A rapid and simple procedure for the determination of cannabinoids in hemp food products by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
    • Pellegrini M., Marchei E., Pacifici R., Pichini S. A rapid and simple procedure for the determination of cannabinoids in hemp food products by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 2005, 36:939-946.
    • (2005) J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. , vol.36 , pp. 939-946
    • Pellegrini, M.1    Marchei, E.2    Pacifici, R.3    Pichini, S.4
  • 14
    • 27844525479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemical constituents of marijuana: the complex mixture of natural cannabinoids
    • Elsohly M.A., Slade D. Chemical constituents of marijuana: the complex mixture of natural cannabinoids. Life Sci. 2005, 78:539-548.
    • (2005) Life Sci. , vol.78 , pp. 539-548
    • Elsohly, M.A.1    Slade, D.2
  • 15
    • 3343009510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A chemotaxonomic analysis of cannabinoid variation in Cannabis (Cannabaceae)
    • Hillig K.W., Mahlberg P.G. A chemotaxonomic analysis of cannabinoid variation in Cannabis (Cannabaceae). Am. J. Bot. 2004, 91(6):966-975.
    • (2004) Am. J. Bot. , vol.91 , Issue.6 , pp. 966-975
    • Hillig, K.W.1    Mahlberg, P.G.2
  • 16
    • 0015102453 scopus 로고
    • Preliminary observation on chemical definition of phenotype and variations in tetrahydrocannabinol content versus age, sex and plant parts
    • Fetterman P.S., Keith E.S., Waller C.W., Guerrero O., Doorenbos N.J., Quimby M.W. Preliminary observation on chemical definition of phenotype and variations in tetrahydrocannabinol content versus age, sex and plant parts. J. Pharm. Sci. 1971, 60:1246-1249.
    • (1971) J. Pharm. Sci. , vol.60 , pp. 1246-1249
    • Fetterman, P.S.1    Keith, E.S.2    Waller, C.W.3    Guerrero, O.4    Doorenbos, N.J.5    Quimby, M.W.6
  • 17
    • 0032551611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cannabinoid content of marihuana samples seized in Greece and its forensic application
    • Stefanidou M., Dona A., Athanaselis S., Papoutsis I., Koutselinis A. The cannabinoid content of marihuana samples seized in Greece and its forensic application. Forensic Sci. Int. 1998, 95:153-162.
    • (1998) Forensic Sci. Int. , vol.95 , pp. 153-162
    • Stefanidou, M.1    Dona, A.2    Athanaselis, S.3    Papoutsis, I.4    Koutselinis, A.5
  • 18
    • 0037130917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of primary active constituents in Cannabis preparations by high-resolution gas chromatography/flame ionization detection and high-performance liquid chromatography/UV detection
    • Gambaro V., Dell' Acqua L., Farè F., Froldi R., Saligari E., Tassoni G. Determination of primary active constituents in Cannabis preparations by high-resolution gas chromatography/flame ionization detection and high-performance liquid chromatography/UV detection. Anal. Chim. Acta 2002, 468(2):245-254.
    • (2002) Anal. Chim. Acta , vol.468 , Issue.2 , pp. 245-254
    • Gambaro, V.1    Dell' Acqua, L.2    Farè, F.3    Froldi, R.4    Saligari, E.5    Tassoni, G.6
  • 19
    • 0028709826 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of three advanced chromatographic techniques for cannabis identification
    • Debruyne D., Albessard F., Bigot M.C., Moulin M. Comparison of three advanced chromatographic techniques for cannabis identification. Bull. Narcotics (UNODC) 1994, XLVI(2):109-121.
    • (1994) Bull. Narcotics (UNODC) , vol.46 , Issue.2 , pp. 109-121
    • Debruyne, D.1    Albessard, F.2    Bigot, M.C.3    Moulin, M.4
  • 20
    • 0036068936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of neutral cannabinoids in hemp samples by overpressured-layer chromatography
    • Szabady B., Hidvegi E., Nyiredy S. Determination of neutral cannabinoids in hemp samples by overpressured-layer chromatography. Chromatographia 2002, 56:165-168.
    • (2002) Chromatographia , vol.56 , pp. 165-168
    • Szabady, B.1    Hidvegi, E.2    Nyiredy, S.3
  • 21
    • 1842418514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Separation and identification of cannabis components by different planar chromatography techniques (TLC, AMD, OPLC)
    • Galand N., Ernouf D., Montigny F., Dollet J., Pothier J. Separation and identification of cannabis components by different planar chromatography techniques (TLC, AMD, OPLC). J. Chromatogr. Sci. 2004, 42:130-134.
    • (2004) J. Chromatogr. Sci. , vol.42 , pp. 130-134
    • Galand, N.1    Ernouf, D.2    Montigny, F.3    Dollet, J.4    Pothier, J.5
  • 22
    • 0031856425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of cannabinoids in fiber hemp plant varieties (Cannabis sativa L.) by high-performance liquid chromatography
    • Rustichelli C., Ferioli V., Baraldi M., Zanoli P., Gamberini G. Analysis of cannabinoids in fiber hemp plant varieties (Cannabis sativa L.) by high-performance liquid chromatography. Chromatographia 1998, 47:215-222.
    • (1998) Chromatographia , vol.47 , pp. 215-222
    • Rustichelli, C.1    Ferioli, V.2    Baraldi, M.3    Zanoli, P.4    Gamberini, G.5
  • 23
    • 0034467355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GCMS analysis of the total Δ9-THC content of both drug- and fiber-type cannabis seeds
    • Ross S.A., Mehmedic Z., Murphy T.P., Elsohly M.A. GCMS analysis of the total Δ9-THC content of both drug- and fiber-type cannabis seeds. J. Anal. Toxicol. 2000, 24:715-717.
    • (2000) J. Anal. Toxicol. , vol.24 , pp. 715-717
    • Ross, S.A.1    Mehmedic, Z.2    Murphy, T.P.3    Elsohly, M.A.4
  • 24
    • 1942492547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of cannabinoids in hemp food products by use of headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
    • Lachenmeier D.W., Kroener L., Musshoff F., Madea B. Determination of cannabinoids in hemp food products by use of headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2004, 378:183-189.
    • (2004) Anal. Bioanal. Chem. , vol.378 , pp. 183-189
    • Lachenmeier, D.W.1    Kroener, L.2    Musshoff, F.3    Madea, B.4
  • 25
    • 28844468454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extraction and analysis of different Cannabis samples by headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
    • Ilias Y., Rudaz S., Mathieu P., Christen P., Veuthey J.L. Extraction and analysis of different Cannabis samples by headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J. Sep. Sci. 2005, 28:2293-2300.
    • (2005) J. Sep. Sci. , vol.28 , pp. 2293-2300
    • Ilias, Y.1    Rudaz, S.2    Mathieu, P.3    Christen, P.4    Veuthey, J.L.5
  • 26
    • 0021367107 scopus 로고
    • Cannabinoid level in the leaves as a tool for the early discrimination of cannabis chemiovariants
    • Barni-Comparini I., Ferri S., Centini F. Cannabinoid level in the leaves as a tool for the early discrimination of cannabis chemiovariants. Forensic Sci. Int. 1984, 24:37-42.
    • (1984) Forensic Sci. Int. , vol.24 , pp. 37-42
    • Barni-Comparini, I.1    Ferri, S.2    Centini, F.3
  • 27
    • 1842687083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methods for the analysis of cannabinoids in biological materials: a review
    • Raharjo T.J., Verpoorte R. Methods for the analysis of cannabinoids in biological materials: a review. Phytochem. Anal. 2004, 15:79-94.
    • (2004) Phytochem. Anal. , vol.15 , pp. 79-94
    • Raharjo, T.J.1    Verpoorte, R.2
  • 28
    • 85168042729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Note
    • International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use, ICH Harmonized Tripartite Guideline, Validation of Analytical Procedures Text and Methodology Q2 (R1), step 4, 2005.
  • 29
  • 30
    • 85168039113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Raport mbi gjendjen e mjedisit (In Albanian; Ministerial Report on the Environmental Situation), Ministry of Environment, Forests and Water Administration, Tirana, 2009. (accessed 15.04.12).
    • Raport mbi gjendjen e mjedisit (In Albanian; Ministerial Report on the Environmental Situation), Ministry of Environment, Forests and Water Administration, Tirana, 2009. Available from: (accessed 15.04.12). http://www.moe.gov.al/upload/publikimet/raportetegjendjesmjedisit/Raporti2009.pdf.
  • 31
    • 0022330199 scopus 로고
    • Variations of tetrahydrocannabinol content in cannabis plants to distinguish the fiber-type from the drug-type plants
    • Avico U., Pacifici R., Zuccaro P. Variations of tetrahydrocannabinol content in cannabis plants to distinguish the fiber-type from the drug-type plants. Bull. Narcotics (UNODC) 1985, XXXVII(4):61-65.
    • (1985) Bull. Narcotics (UNODC) , vol.37 , Issue.4 , pp. 61-65
    • Avico, U.1    Pacifici, R.2    Zuccaro, P.3
  • 32
    • 33646828566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Δ9 THC content in illicit cannabis products over the period 1997-2004 (first four months)
    • Licata M., Verri P., Beduschi G. Δ9 THC content in illicit cannabis products over the period 1997-2004 (first four months). Ann. Ist. Sanita 2005, 41(4):483-485.
    • (2005) Ann. Ist. Sanita , vol.41 , Issue.4 , pp. 483-485
    • Licata, M.1    Verri, P.2    Beduschi, G.3
  • 33
    • 0033621602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potency trends of Delta 9-THC and other cannabinoids in confiscated marijuana from 1980 to 1997
    • ElSohly M.A., Ross S.A., Mehmedic Z., Arafat R., Yi B., Banahan B.F. Potency trends of Delta 9-THC and other cannabinoids in confiscated marijuana from 1980 to 1997. J. Forensic Sci. 2000, 45(1):24-30.
    • (2000) J. Forensic Sci. , vol.45 , Issue.1 , pp. 24-30
    • ElSohly, M.A.1    Ross, S.A.2    Mehmedic, Z.3    Arafat, R.4    Yi, B.5    Banahan, B.F.6
  • 35
    • 8544248191 scopus 로고
    • Identification and origin determinations of Cannabis by gas and paper chromatography
    • Davis T.W.M., Farmilo C.G., Osadchuk M. Identification and origin determinations of Cannabis by gas and paper chromatography. Anal. Chem. 1963, 35:751-755.
    • (1963) Anal. Chem. , vol.35 , pp. 751-755
    • Davis, T.W.M.1    Farmilo, C.G.2    Osadchuk, M.3
  • 36
    • 0017229515 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of marijuana samples from different origins by high-resolution gas-liquid chromatography for forensic application
    • Novotny M., Lee M.L., Low L.C.E., Raymond A. Analysis of marijuana samples from different origins by high-resolution gas-liquid chromatography for forensic application. Anal. Chem. 1976, 48(2):24-29.
    • (1976) Anal. Chem. , vol.48 , Issue.2 , pp. 24-29
    • Novotny, M.1    Lee, M.L.2    Low, L.C.E.3    Raymond, A.4
  • 37
    • 0019870145 scopus 로고
    • The tetrahydrocannabinol and tetrahydrocannabinolic acid content of cannabis products
    • Baker P.B., Taylor B.J., Gough T.A. The tetrahydrocannabinol and tetrahydrocannabinolic acid content of cannabis products. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 1981, 33(6):369-372.
    • (1981) J. Pharm. Pharmacol. , vol.33 , Issue.6 , pp. 369-372
    • Baker, P.B.1    Taylor, B.J.2    Gough, T.A.3
  • 38
    • 0023736424 scopus 로고
    • Chromatographic and spectroscopic profiles of cannabis of different origins. Part I
    • Brenneisen R., Elsohly M.A. Chromatographic and spectroscopic profiles of cannabis of different origins. Part I. J. Forensic Sci. 1988, 33:1385-1404.
    • (1988) J. Forensic Sci. , vol.33 , pp. 1385-1404
    • Brenneisen, R.1    Elsohly, M.A.2
  • 39
    • 0025689404 scopus 로고
    • Variation in the THC content of illicitly imported Cannabis products 1984-1989
    • Pitts J.E., O'Neil P.J., Leggo K.P. Variation in the THC content of illicitly imported Cannabis products 1984-1989. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 1990, 42(12):817-820.
    • (1990) J. Pharm. Pharmacol. , vol.42 , Issue.12 , pp. 817-820
    • Pitts, J.E.1    O'Neil, P.J.2    Leggo, K.P.3
  • 40
    • 0016252140 scopus 로고
    • The cannabinoid content of Cannabis sativa L. grown in England
    • Fairbairn J.W., Liebmann J.A. The cannabinoid content of Cannabis sativa L. grown in England. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 1974, 26(6):413-419.
    • (1974) J. Pharm. Pharmacol. , vol.26 , Issue.6 , pp. 413-419
    • Fairbairn, J.W.1    Liebmann, J.A.2
  • 41
    • 0014769285 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal variation in cannabinolic content of Indiana marihuana
    • Phillips R., Turk R., Manno J., Jain N., Forney R. Seasonal variation in cannabinolic content of Indiana marihuana. J. Forensic Sci. 1970, 15:191-200.
    • (1970) J. Forensic Sci. , vol.15 , pp. 191-200
    • Phillips, R.1    Turk, R.2    Manno, J.3    Jain, N.4    Forney, R.5
  • 42
    • 0016738264 scopus 로고
    • Constituents of Cannabis sativa L. XI: cannabidiol and cannabichromene in samples of known geographical origin
    • Holley J.H., Hadley K.W., Turner C.E. Constituents of Cannabis sativa L. XI: cannabidiol and cannabichromene in samples of known geographical origin. J. Pharm. Sci. 1975, 64(5):892-894.
    • (1975) J. Pharm. Sci. , vol.64 , Issue.5 , pp. 892-894
    • Holley, J.H.1    Hadley, K.W.2    Turner, C.E.3
  • 43
    • 17844396647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution of the principal cannabinoids within bars of compressed cannabis resin
    • Lewis R., Ward S., Johnson R., Burns D.R. Distribution of the principal cannabinoids within bars of compressed cannabis resin. Anal. Chim. Acta 2005, 538:399-405.
    • (2005) Anal. Chim. Acta , vol.538 , pp. 399-405
    • Lewis, R.1    Ward, S.2    Johnson, R.3    Burns, D.R.4
  • 44
    • 85168045075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (accessed 10.04.12).
    • (accessed 10.04.12). http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/frontpage/2009/June/why-does-cannabis-potency-matter.html.
  • 45
    • 77953914409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The differentiation of fibre- and drug type cannabis seedlings by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and chemometric tools
    • Broseus J., Anglada F., Esseiva P. The differentiation of fibre- and drug type cannabis seedlings by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and chemometric tools. Forensic Sci. Int. 2010, 200:87-92.
    • (2010) Forensic Sci. Int. , vol.200 , pp. 87-92
    • Broseus, J.1    Anglada, F.2    Esseiva, P.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.