Social Cognition in Anorexia Nervosa: Evidence of Preserved Theory of Mind and Impaired Emotional Functioning

PLoS ONE

Volumn 7, Issue 8, 2012, Pages

  Adenzato, Mauro ^a,b   Todisco, Patrizia ^c   Ardito, Rita B ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TURIN   (Italy)

^b Neuroscience Institute of Turin   (Italy)

^c Center of Eating Disorders   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AMYGDALOID NUCLEUS; ANOREXIA NERVOSA; ARTICLE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; COGNITION; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; DISEASE DURATION; EMOTIONAL DISORDER; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN RELATION; NEUROBIOLOGY; SOCIAL ASPECT; SOCIAL COGNITION; SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT; SOCIAL SUPPORT; TASK PERFORMANCE; THEORY OF MIND;

ANOREXIA NERVOSA; COGNITION; DEMOGRAPHY; EMOTIONS; FEMALE; HUMANS; QUESTIONNAIRES; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; SOCIAL SUPPORT; STATISTICS AS TOPIC; THEORY OF MIND; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84865646782     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044414     Document Type: Article

References (106)

1. American Psychiatric Association (2000) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th ed. Washington, DC: APA.
2. Davis C, Blackmore E, Katzman DK, Fox J, (2005) Female adolescents with anorexia nervosa and their parents: A case-control study of exercise attitudes and behaviours. Psychol Med 35: 377-386.
3. Keating C, (2010) Theoretical perspective on anorexia nervosa: The conflict of reward. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 34: 73-79.
4. Connan F, Campbell I, Katzman M, Lightman S, Treasure J, (2003) A neurodevelopmental model for anorexia nervosa. Physiol Behav 79: 13-24.
5. Morris J, Twaddle S, (2007) Anorexia nervosa. BMJ 334: 894-898.
6. Hoek HW, (2006) Incidence, prevalence and mortality of anorexia nervosa and other eating disorders. Curr Opin Psychiatry 19: 389-394.
7. Eddy KT, Dorer DJ, Franko DL, Tahilani K, Thompson-Brenner H, et al. (2008) Diagnostic crossover in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: Implication for DSM-V. Am J Psychiatry 165: 245-250.
8. Eddy KT, Keel PK, Dorer DJ, Delinsky SS, Franko DL, et al. (2002) Longitudinal comparison of anorexia nervosa subtypes. Int J Eat Disord 31: 191-201.
9. Bara BG, Ciaramidaro A, Walter H, Adenzato M, (2011) Intentional minds: A philosophical analysis of intention tested through fMRI experiments involving people with schizophrenia, people with autism, and healthy individuals. Front Hum Neurosci 5: 7 doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2011.00007.
10. Cheng YW, Chou KH, Fan YT, Lin CP, (2011) ANS: Aberrant Neurodevelopment of the Social cognition network in adolescents with autism spectrum disorders. PLoS One 6(4): e18905.
11. Di Martino A, Ross K, Uddin LQ, Sklar AB, Castellanos FX, et al. (2009) Functional brain correlates of social and nonsocial processes in autism spectrum disorders: An activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis. Biol Psychiatry 65: 63-74.
12. Sugranyes G, Kyriakopoulos M, Corrigall R, Taylor E, Frangou S, (2011) Autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia: Meta-analysis of the neural correlates of social cognition. PLoS One 6(10): e25322.
13. Walter H, Ciaramidaro A, Adenzato M, Vasic N, Ardito RB, et al. (2009) Dysfunction of the social brain in schizophrenia is modulated by intention type: An fMRI study. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 4: 166-176.
14. Adenzato M, Cavallo M, Enrici I, (2010) Theory of Mind ability in the behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia: An analysis of the neural, cognitive, and social levels. Neuropsychologia 48: 2-12.
15. Calabria M, Cotelli M, Adenzato M, Zanetti O, Miniussi C, (2009) Empathy and emotion recognition in semantic dementia: A case report. Brain Cogn 70: 247-252.
16. Cavallo M, Adenzato M, MacPherson SE, Karwig G, Enrici I, et al. (2011) Evidence of social understanding impairment in patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. PLoS One 6(10): e25948.
17. Poletti M, Enrici I, Adenzato M (2012) Cognitive and affective Theory of Mind in neurodegenerative diseases: Neuropsychological, neuroanatomical and neurochemical levels. Neurosci Biobehav Rev doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.07.004.
18. Poletti M, Enrici I, Bonuccelli U, Adenzato M, (2011) Theory of Mind in Parkinson's disease. Behav Brain Res 219: 342-350.
19. Adolphs R, (2001) The neurobiology of social cognition. Curr Opin Neurobiol 11: 231-239.
20. Adolphs R, (2003) Investigating the cognitive neuroscience of social behaviour. Neuropsychologia 41: 119-126.
21. Frith CD, Frith U, (2007) Social cognition in humans. Curr Biol 17: R724-R732.
22. Leslie AM, (1987) Pretense and representation: The origins of 'Theory of Mind'. Psychol Rev 94: 412-426.
23. Premack D, Woodruff G, (1978) Does the chimpanzee have a Theory of Mind? Behav Brain Sci 1: 515-526.
24. Decety J, Jackson PL, (2004) The functional architecture of human empathy. Behav Cogn Neurosci Rev 3: 71-100.
25. Lieberman MD, (2007) Social cognitive neuroscience: A review of core processes. Annu Rev Psychol 58: 259-289.
26. Adenzato M, Garbarini F, (2006) The As If in cognitive science, neuroscience and anthropology: A journey among robots, blacksmiths, and neurons. Theory Psychol 16: 747-759.
27. Singer T, (2006) The neuronal basis and ontogeny of empathy and mind reading: Review of literature and implications for future research. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 30: 855-863.
28. Tchanturia K, Happé F, Godley J, Treasure J, Bara-Carril N, et al. (2004) 'Theory of Mind' in anorexia nervosa. Eur Eat Disord Rev 12: 361-366.
29. Happé F, (1994) An advanced test of theory of mind: Understanding of story characters' thoughts and feelings by able autistic, mentally handicapped and normal children and adults. J Autism Dev Disord 24: 129-154.
30. Happé F, Brownell H, Winner E, (1999) Acquired 'theory of mind' impairments following stroke. Cognition 70: 211-240.
31. Hambrook D, Tchanturia K, (2008) A pilot study exploring Machiavellianism in anorexia nervosa. Eat Weight Disord 13: 137-141.
32. Christie R, Geis FL (1970) Studies in Machiavellianism. New York: Academic Press.
33. Russell TA, Schmidt U, Doherty L, Young V, Tchanturia K, (2009) Aspects of social cognition in anorexia nervosa: Affective and cognitive theory of mind. Psychiatry Res 168: 181-185.
34. Oldershaw A, Hambrook D, Tchanturia K, Treasure J, Schmidt U, (2010) Emotional Theory of Mind and emotional awareness in recovered anorexia nervosa patients. Psychosom Med 72: 73-79.
35. Harrison A, Sullivan S, Tchanturia K, Treasure J, (2009) Emotion recognition and regulation in anorexia nervosa. Clin Psychol Psychother 16: 348-356.
36. Harrison A, Tchanturia K, Treasure J, (2010) Attentional bias, emotion recognition, and emotion regulation in anorexia: State or trait? Biol Psychiatry 68: 755-761.
37. Harrison A, Sullivan S, Tchanturia K, Treasure J, (2010) Emotional functioning in eating disorders: Attentional bias, emotion recognition and emotion regulation. Psychol Med 40: 1887-1897.
38. Hambrook D, Tchanturia K, Schmidt U, Russell T, Treasure J, (2008) Empathy, systemizing, and autistic traits in anorexia nervosa: A pilot study. Br J Clin Psychol 47: 335-339.
39. Baron-Cohen S, Wheelwright S, Skinner R, Martin J, Clubley E, (2001) The autism spectrum quotient (AQ): Evidence from Asperger syndrome/high functioning autism, males and females, scientists and mathematicians. J Autism Dev Disord 31: 5-17.
40. Baron-Cohen S, Richler J, Bisarya D, Gurunathan N, Wheelwright S, (2003) The systemizing quotient (SQ): An investigation of adults with Asperger syndrome or high functioning autism and normal sex differences. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 358: 361-374.
41. Baron-Cohen S, Wheelwright S, (2004) The empathy quotient: An investigation of adults with Asperger syndrome or high functioning autism, and normal sex differences. J Autism Dev Disord 34: 163-175.
42. Guttman HA, Laporte L, (2000) Empathy in families of women with borderline personality disorder, anorexia nervosa, and a control group. Fam Process 39: 345-358.
43. Davis MH, (1983) Measuring individual differences in empathy: Evidence for a multidimensional approach. J Pers Soc Psychol 44: 113-126.
44. Gillberg IC, Rastam M, Gillberg C, (1995) Anorexia nervosa six years after onset: Part I. Personality disorders. Compr Psychiatry 36: 61-69.
45. Bourke MP, Taylor GJ, Parker JDA, Bagby RM, (1992) Alexithymia in women with anorexia nervosa: A preliminary investigation. Br J Psychiatry 161: 240-243.
46. Schmidt U, Jiwany A, Treasure J, (1993) A controlled study of alexithymia in eating disorders. Compr Psychiatry 34: 54-58.
47. Speranza M, Loas G, Wallier J, Corcos M, (2007) Predictive value of alexithymia in patients with eating disorders: A 3-year prospective study. J Psychosom Res 63: 365-370.
48. Kucharska-Pietura K, Nikolaou V, Masiak M, (2004) The recognition of emotion in the faces and voice of anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 35: 42-47.
49. Pollatos O, Herbert BM, Schandry R, Gramann K, (2008) Impaired central processing of emotional faces in anorexia nervosa. Psychosom Med 70: 701-708.
50. Zonnevijlle-Bendek MJS, van Goozen SHM, Cohen-Kettenis PT, van Elburg A, van Engeland H, (2002) Do adolescent anorexia nervosa patients have deficits in emotional functioning? Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 11: 38-42.
51. Rozenstein MH, Latzer Y, Stein D, Eviatar Z, (2011) Perception of emotion and bilateral advantage in women with eating disorders, their healthy sisters, and nonrelated healthy controls. J Affect Disord 134: 386-395.
52. Zucker NL, Losh M, Bilik C, LaBar KS, Piven J, et al. (2007) Anorexia nervosa and autistic spectrum disorders: A guided investigation of social cognitive endophenotypes. Psychol Bull 113: 976-1006.
53. Tiller JM, Sloane G, Schmidt U, Troop N, Power M, et al. (1997) Social support in patients with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 21: 31-38.
54. Decety J, (2010) The neurodevelopment of empathy in human. Dev Sci 32: 257-267.
55. Lee KH, Siegle GJ, (2012) Common and distinct brain networks underlying explicit emotional evaluation: A meta-analytic study. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 7: 521-534.
56. Vollm BA, Taylor AN, Richardson P, Corcoran R, Stirling J, et al. (2006) Neuronal correlates of theory of mind and empathy: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study in a nonverbal task. NeuroImage 29: 90-98.
57. Ciaramidaro A, Adenzato M, Enrici I, Erk S, Pia L, Bara BG, Walter H, (2007) The intentional network: How the brain reads varieties of intentions. Neuropsychologia 45: 3105-3113.
58. Enrici I, Adenzato M, Cappa S, Bara BG, Tettamanti M, (2011) Intention processing in communication: A common brain network for language and gestures. J Cogn Neurosci 23: 2415-2431.
59. Walter H, Adenzato M, Ciaramidaro A, Enrici I, Pia L, et al. (2004) Understanding intentions in social interactions: The role of the anterior parancingulate cortex. J Cogn Neurosci 16: 1854-1863.
60. Schnell K, Bluschke S, Konradt B, Walter H, (2011) Functional relations of empathy and mentalizing: An fMRI study on the neural basis of cognitive empathy. NeuroImage 54: 1743-1754.
61. Van Overwalle F, (2009) Social cognition and the brain: A meta-analysis. Hum Brain Mapp 30: 829-858.
62. Gallagher HL, Frith CD, (2003) Functional imaging of 'theory of mind'. Trends Cogn Sci 7: 77-83.
63. Dziobek I, Fleck S, Rogers K, Wolf OT, Convit A, (2006) The 'amygdala theory of autism' revisited: Linking structure to behavior. Neuropsychologia 44: 1891-1899.
64. Paul LK, Corsello C, Tranel D, Adolphs R, (2010) Does bilateral damage to the human amygdala produce autistic symptoms? J Neurodevelop Disord 2: 165-173.
65. Ruby P, Decety J, (2004) How would you feel versus how do you think she would feel? A neuroimaging study of perspective-taking with social emotions. J Cogn Neurosci 16: 988-999.
66. Costafreda SG, Brammer MJ, David AS, Fu CH, (2008) Predictors of amygdala activation during the processing of emotional stimuli: A meta-analysis of 385 PET and fMRI studies. Brain Res Rev 58: 57-70.
67. Phan KL, Wager T, Taylor SF, Liberzon I, (2002) Functional neuroanatomy of emotion: A meta-analysis of emotion activation studies in PET and fMRI. NeuroImage 16: 331-348.
68. Ellison Z, Foong J, Howard R, Bullmore E, Williams S, et al. (1998) Functional anatomy of calorie fear in anorexia nervosa. Lancet 352: 1192.
69. Friederich HC, Walther S, Bendszus M, Biller A, Thomann P, et al. (2012) Grey matter abnormalities within cortico-limbic-striatal circuits in acute and weight-restored anorexia nervosa patients. NeuroImage 59: 1106-1113.
70. Giordano GD, Renzetti P, Parodi RC, Foppiani L, Zandrino F, et al. (2001) Volume measurement with magnetic resonance imaging of hippocampus-amygdala formation in patients with anorexia nervosa. J Endocrinol Invest 24: 510-514.
71. Joos AAB, Saum B, van Elst LT, Perlov E, Glauche V, et al. (2011) Amygdala hyper-reactivity in restrictive anorexia nervosa. Psychiatry Res: Neuroimaging 191: 189-195.
72. Miyake Y, Okamoto Y, Onoda K, Kurosaki M, Shirao N, et al. (2010) Brain activation during the perception of distorted body images in eating disorders. Psychiatry Res: Neuroimaging 181: 183-192.
73. Miyake Y, Okamoto Y, Onoda K, Shirao N, Okamoto Y, et al. (2010) Neural processing of negative word stimuli concerning body image in patients with eating disorders: An fMRI study. NeuroImage 50: 1333-1339.
74. Seeger G, Braus DF, Ruf M, Goldberger U, Schmidt MH, (2002) Body image distortion reveals amygdala activation in patients with anorexia nervosa: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Neurosci Lett 326: 25-28.
75. Takano A, Shiga T, Kitagawa N, Koyama T, Katoh C, et al. (2001) Abnormal neuronal network in anorexia nervosa studied with I-123-IMP SPECT. Psychiatry Res: Neuroimaging 107: 45-50.
76. Vocks S, Busch M, Gronemeyer D, Schulte D, Herpertz S, et al. (2010) Neural correlates of viewing photographs of one's own body and another woman's body in anorexia and bulimia nervosa: An fMRI study. J Psychiatry Neurosci 35: 163-176.
77. Vocks S, Herpertz S, Rosenberger C, Senf W, Gizewski ER, (2010) Effects of gustatory stimulation on brain activity during hunger and satiety in females with restricting-type anorexia nervosa: An fMRI study. J Psychiatr Res 45: 395-403.
78. Spitzer RL (1994) Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV. Washington, DC: APA.
79. World Health Organization (1995) Physical status: The use and interpretation of anthropometry. Report of a WHO Expert Committee. WHO Tech Rep Ser 854: 1-452.
80. Garner DM, Garfinkel PE, (1979) The Eating Attitudes Test: An index of the symptoms of anorexia nervosa. Psychol Med 9: 273-279.
81. Baron-Cohen S, Wheelwright S, Hill J, Raste Y, Plumb I, (2001) The "Reading the Mind in the Eyes" test revised version: A study with normal adults, and adults with Asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 42: 241-251.
82. Taylor GJ, Bagby RM, Parker JDA (1997) Disorders of affect regulation: Alexithymia in medical and psychiatric illness. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
83. Bagby RM, Parker JDA, Taylor GJ, (1994) The Twenty-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale 1: Item selection and cross-validation of the factor structure. J Psychosom Res 38: 23-32.
84. Bagby RM, Taylor GJ, Parker JDA, (1994) The Twenty-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale 2: Convergent, discriminant, and concurrent validity. J Psychosom Res 38: 33-40.
85. Zimet GD, Dahlem NW, Zimet SG, Farley GK, (1988) The multidimensional scale of perceived social support. J Pers Assess 52: 30-41.
86. Dahlem NW, Zimet GD, Walker RR, (1991) The multidimensional scale of perceived social support: A confirmation study. J Clin Psychol 47: 756-761.
87. Beck AT, Steer RA, Ball R, Ranieri W, (1996) Comparison of Beck Depression Inventories-IA and-II in psychiatric outpatients. J Pers Assess 67: 588-597.
88. Bailey PE, Henry JD, Von Hippel W, (2008) Empathy and social functioning in late adulthood. Aging Ment Health 12: 499-503.
89. Duval C, Piolino P, Bejanin A, Eustache F, Desgranges B, (2011) Age effect on different components of theory of mind. Conscious Cogn 20: 627-642.
90. Slessor G, Phillips LH, Bull R, (2007) Exploring the specificity of age-related differences in theory of mind tasks. Psychol Aging 22: 639-643.
91. Moor BG, de Macks ZAO, Guroglu B, Rombouts SARB, Van der Molen MW, et al. (2012) Neurodevelopmental changes of reading the mind in the eyes. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 7: 44-52.
92. Hallerback MU, Lugnegard T, Hjarthag F, Gillberg C, (2009) The Reading the Mind in the Eyes test: Test-retest reliability of a Swedish version. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 14: 127-143.
93. Baron-Cohen S, Ring HA, Bullmore ET, Wheelwright S, Ashwin C, et al. (2000) The amygdala theory of autism. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 24: 355-364.
94. Baron-Cohen S, Ring H, Wheelwright S, Bullmore ET, Brammer MJ, et al. (1999) Social intelligence in the normal and autistic brain: An fMRI study. Eur J Neurosci 11: 1891-1898.
95. Adams RB, Rule NO, Franklin RG, Wang E, Stevenson MT, et al. (2009) Cross-cultural reading the mind in the eyes: An fMRI investigation. J Cogn Neurosci 22: 98-108.
96. Baron-Cohen S, Ring H, Chitnis X, Wheelwright S, Gregory L, et al. (2006) fMRI of parents of children with Asperger syndrome: A pilot study. Brain Cogn 61: 122-130.
97. Platek SM, Keenan JP, Gallup GG Jr, Mohamed FB, (2004) Where am I? The neurological correlates of self and other. Cogn Brain Res 19: 114-122.
98. Russell TA, Rubia K, Bullmore ET, Soni W, Suckling J, et al. (2000) Exploring the social brain in schizophrenia: Left prefrontal underactivation during mental state attribution. Am J Psychiatry 157: 2040-2042.
99. Stone VE, Baron-Cohen S, Calder A, Keane J, Young A, (2003) Acquired theory of mind impairments in individuals with bilateral amygdala lesions. Neuropsychologia 41: 209-220.
100. Kim YR, Lim SJ, Treasure J, (2011) Different patterns of emotional eating and visuospatial deficits whereas shared risk factors related with social support between anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Psychiatry Investig 8: 9-14.
101. Ardito RB, Rabellino D, (2011) Therapeutic alliance and outcome of psychotherapy: Historical excursus, measurements, and prospects for research. Front Psychol 2: 270 doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00270.
102. Adenzato M, Ardito RB, Izard E, (2006) Impact of maternal directiveness and overprotectiveness on the personality development of a sample of individuals with acquired blindness. Soc Behav Pers 34: 17-26.
103. Stewart LH, Ajina S, Getov S, Bahrami B, Todorov A,et al. (in press) Unconscious evaluation of faces on social dimensions. J Exp Psychol Gen doi: 10.1037/a0027950.
104. Tamietto M, Adenzato M, Geminiani G, de Gelder B, (2007) Fast recognition of social emotions takes the whole brain: Interhemispheric cooperation in the absence of cerebral asymmetry. Neuropsychologia 45: 836-843.
105. Tamietto M, Latini Corazzini L, de Gelder B, Geminiani G, (2006) Functional asymmetry and interhemispheric cooperation in the perception of emotions from facial expressions. Exp Brain Res 171: 389-404.
106. Young A, Perrett D, Calder A, Sprengelmeyer R, Ekman P (2002) Facial Expressions of Emotion- Stimuli and Tests (FEEST). Bury St Edmunds, UK: Thames Valley Test Company.