Treatment patterns and risk factor control in patients with and without metabolic syndrome in cardiac rehabilitation

Vascular Health and Risk Management

Volumn 8, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 265-274

  Gitt, Anselm ^a   Jannowitz, Christina ^b   Karoff, Marthin ^c   Karmann, Barbara ^b   Horack, Martin ^a   Völler, Heinz ^d,e  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HEIDELBERG   (Germany)

^b MSD Sharp and Dohme GmbH   (Germany)

^c UNIVERSITY OF WITTEN HERDECKE   (Germany)

^d Kardiologie   (Germany)

^e UNIVERSITY OF POTSDAM   (Germany)

Author keywords

Cardiac rehabilitation; Control rates; Diabetes; Dyslipidemia; Lipids; Metabolism; Registry; Risk factor

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; CLOPIDOGREL; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; INSULIN; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; ORAL ANTIDIABETIC AGENT; TRIACYLGLYCEROL; CARDIOVASCULAR AGENT; LIPID;

ADULT; ANGINA PECTORIS; ARTICLE; CHOLESTEROL BLOOD LEVEL; COMORBIDITY; CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFT; DEMOGRAPHY; DISEASE CONTROL; DRUG USE; FEMALE; FITNESS; HEART REHABILITATION; HOSPITAL ADMISSION; HOSPITAL DISCHARGE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEAN ARTERIAL PRESSURE; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; NON ST SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; ST SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; TREATMENT OUTCOME; TRIACYLGLYCEROL BLOOD LEVEL; AGED; BLOOD; BLOOD PRESSURE; CHI SQUARE DISTRIBUTION; CLINICAL PRACTICE; COMPARATIVE STUDY; DRUG COMBINATION; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG UTILIZATION; GERMANY; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; HEART DISEASE; HOSPITAL PATIENT; METABOLISM; MIDDLE AGED; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PREVENTIVE HEALTH SERVICE; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; REGISTER; STATISTICS; TIME; TRANSLUMINAL CORONARY ANGIOPLASTY;

AGED; ANGIOPLASTY, BALLOON, CORONARY; BLOOD GLUCOSE; BLOOD PRESSURE; CARDIOVASCULAR AGENTS; CHI-SQUARE DISTRIBUTION; COMORBIDITY; CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS; DRUG THERAPY, COMBINATION; DRUG UTILIZATION; FEMALE; GERMANY; GUIDELINE ADHERENCE; HEART DISEASES; HUMANS; INPATIENTS; LIPIDS; MALE; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; MIDDLE AGED; PHYSICIAN'S PRACTICE PATTERNS; PRACTICE GUIDELINES AS TOPIC; PREVENTIVE HEALTH SERVICES; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; REGISTRIES; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTORS; TIME FACTORS; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 84865626220     PISSN: 11766344     EISSN: 11782048     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2147/VHRM.S28949     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Greenland P, Alpert JS, Beller GA, et al. 2010 ACCF/AHA guideline for assessment of cardiovascular risk in asymptomatic adults: a Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;56(25):e50-e103.
2. World Health Organization. Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Report of a WHO Consultation. Part 1: Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Geneva; 1999.
3. Kerner W, Brückel J, Böhm B. Definition, classification and diagnostics of diabetes mellitus. Guidelines of the German Diabetes Society [Deutsche Diabetes Gesellschaft DDG]. Scherbaum WA, Kiess W, eds. 2004. German.
4. Einhorn D, Reaven GM, Cobin RH, et al. American College of Endocrinology position statement on the insulin resistance syndrome. Endocr Pract. 2003;9(3):237-252.
5. Grundy SM, Brewer HB Jr, Cleeman JI, et al. Definition of metabolic syndrome: Report of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/ American Heart Association conference on scientific issues related to definition. Circulation. 2004;109(3):433-438.
6. Bloomgarden ZT. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE) consensus conference on the insulin resistance syndrome: August 25-26, 2002, Washington, DC. Diabetes Care. 2003;26(3): 933-939.
7. Internation Diabetes Federation. IDF worldwide definition of the metabolic syndrome. Available from: http://www.idf.org/idfworldwide-definition-metabolic-syndrome. Accessed on December 22, 2010.
8. Ades PA. Cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med. 2001;345(12):892-902.
9. Karoff M, Held K, Bjarnason-Wehrens B. Cardiac rehabilitation in Germany. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2007;14(1):18-27.
10. Haskell WL, Alderman EL, Fair JM, et al. Effects of intensive multiple risk factor reduction on coronary atherosclerosis and clinical cardiac events in men and women with coronary artery disease. The Stanford Coronary Risk Intervention Project (SCRIP). Circulation. 1994;89(3): 975-990.
11. Niebauer J, Hambrecht R, Velich T, et al. Attenuated progression of coronary artery disease after 6 years of multifactorial risk intervention: role of physical exercise. Circulation. 1997;96(8):2534-2541.
12. Ornish D, Scherwitz LW, Billings JH, et al. Intensive lifestyle changes for reversal of coronary heart disease. JAMA. 1998;280(23):2001-2007.
13. O'Connor GT, Buring JE, Yusuf S, et al. An overview of randomized trials of rehabilitation with exercise after myocardial infarction. Circulation. 1989;80(2):234-244.
14. Willich SN, Muller-Nordhorn J, Kulig M, et al. Cardiac risk factors, medication, and recurrent clinical events after acute coronary disease; a prospective cohort study. Eur Heart J. 2001;22(4):307-313.
15. Bestehorn K, Wegscheider K, Voller H. Contemporary trends in cardiac rehabilitation in Germany: patient characteristics, drug treatment, and risk-factor management from 2000 to 2005. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2008;15(3):312-318.
16. German Society for Prevention and Rehabilitation of Cardiovascular Disease [Deutsche Gesellschaft für Prävention und Rehabilitation von Herz-Kreislauferkrankungen e.V., Koblenz, Germany]. Available from: http://www.dgpr.de. Accessed March 28, 2012. German.
17. Völler H, Reibis R, Pittrow D, et al. Secondary prevention of diabetic patients with coronary artery disease in cardiac rehabilitation: risk factors, treatment and target level attainment. Curr Med Res Opin. 2009;25(4):879-890.
18. Madala MC, Franklin BA, Chen AY, et al. Obesity and age of first non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;52(12):979-985.
19. Milani RV, Lavie CJ. Prevalence and profile of metabolic syndrome in patients following acute coronary events and effects of therapeutic lifestyle change with cardiac rehabilitation. Am J Cardiol. 2003;92(1):50-54.
20. Milionis HJ, Kostapanos MS, Liberopoulos EN, et al. Different definitions of the metabolic syndrome and risk of first-ever acute ischaemic non-embolic stroke in elderly subjects. Int J Clin Pract. 2007;61(4):545-551.
21. Athyros VG, Ganotakis ES, Elisaf M, Mikhailidis DP. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome using the National Cholesterol Educational Program and International Diabetes Federation definitions. Curr Med Res Opin. 2005;21(8):1157-1159.
22. Kahn R, Buse J, Ferrannini E, Stern M. The metabolic syndrome: time for a critical appraisal: joint statement from the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2005;28(9):2289-2304.
23. Kahn R. Metabolic syndrome - what is the clinical usefulness? Lancet. 2008;371(9628):1892-1893.
24. Sattar N, McConnachie A, Shaper AG, et al. Can metabolic syndrome usefully predict cardiovascular disease and diabetes? Outcome data from two prospective studies. Lancet. 2008;371(9628):1927-1935.
25. Grundy SM. Does a diagnosis of metabolic syndrome have value in clinical practice? Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;83(6):1248-1251.
26. Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. Executive Summary of the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA. 2001;285(19): 2486-2497.
27. Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, et al. The seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: the JNC 7 report. JAMA. 2003; 289(19):2560-2571.
28. Ryden L, Standl E, Bartnik M, et al. Guidelines on diabetes, prediabetes, and cardiovascular diseases: executive summary: The Task Force on Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Eur Heart J. 2007;28(1):88-136.
29. Balady GJ, Ades PA, Comoss P, et al. Core components of cardiac rehabilitation/ secondary prevention programs: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association and the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation Writing Group. Circulation. 2000;102(9):1069-1073.
30. O'Hartaigh B, Jiang CQ, Thomas GN, et al. Usefulness of physical fitness and the metabolic syndrome to predict vascular disease risk in older Chinese (from the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study-Cardiovascular Disease Subcohort [GBCS-CVD]). Am J Cardiol. 2011;108(6): 845-850.
31. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). FDA Drug Safety Communication: New restrictions, contraindications, and dose limitations for Zocor (simvastatin) to reduce the risk of muscle injury.Available from: http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm256581.htm. Accessed March 27, 2012.
32. Ijioma N, Robinson JG. Lipid-lowering effects of ezetimibe and simvastatin in combination. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther. 2011;9(2): 131-145.
33. Bestehorn K, Jannowitz C, Karmann B, Pittrow D, Kirch W. Characteristics, management and attainment of lipid target levels in patients enrolled in Disease Management Program versus those in routine care: LUTZ registry. BMC Public Health. 2009;9(1):280.
34. Gitt AK, Juenger C, Jannowitz C, Karmann B, Senges J, Bestehorn K. Guideline-oriented ambulatory lipid-lowering therapy of patients at high risk for cardiovascular events by cardiologists in clinical practice: the 2L cardio registry. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2009;16(4): 438-444.
35. Gitt AK, Junger C, Smolka W, Bestehorn K. Prevalence and overlap of different lipid abnormalities in statin-treated patients at high cardiovascular risk in clinical practice in Germany. Clin Res Cardiol. 2010;99(11):723-733.
36. Böhler S, Scharnagl H, Freisinger F, et al. Unmet needs in the diagnosis and treatment of dyslipidemia in the primary care setting in Germany. Atherosclerosis. 2007;190(2):397.
37. Pittrow D, Stalla GK, Zeiher AM, et al. Prevalence, drug treatment and metabolic control of diabetes mellitus in primary care. Med Klin (Munich). 2006;101(8):635-644.
38. Sharma A, Wittchen H, Kirch W, et al. High prevalence and poor control of hypertension in primary care: cross sectional study. J Hypertens. 2004;22:479-486.
39. Pittrow D, Kirch W, Bramlage P, et al. Patterns of antihypertensive drug utilization in primary care. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2004;60(2): 135-142.
40. Magliano DJ, Shaw JE, Zimmet PZ. How to best define the metabolic syndrome. Ann Med. 2006;38(1):34-41.