A generic emission model to predict release of organic substances from materials in consumer goods

Science of the Total Environment

Volumn 437, Issue , 2012, Pages 306-314

  Holmgren, Tomas ^a   Persson, Leif ^b   Andersson, Patrik L ^a   Haglund, Peter ^a  

^a UMEÅ UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^b SWEDISH DEFENCE RESEARCH AGENCY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Abraham solvation parameters; Economy wide emissions; Indoor air emissions; Linear free energy relations; Piringer equation; Vinyl flooring

Indexed keywords

INDOOR AIR; LINEAR FREE ENERGY; PIRINGER EQUATION; SOLVATION PARAMETERS; VINYL FLOORING;

BUILDING MATERIALS; CONSUMER PRODUCTS; DIFFUSION; ESTERS; FLOORS; INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS; ORGANIC CHEMICALS; PLASTICIZERS; REINFORCED PLASTICS; SOLVATION; SOLVENTS;

FORECASTING;

1,2 CYCLOHEXANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID DI NONYL ESTER PHTHALATE; DI NONYLPHTHALATE; PHTHALIC ACID; PHTHALIC ACID BIS(2 ETHYLHEXYL) ESTER; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

EMISSION INVENTORY; HAZARDOUS WASTE; INDOOR AIR; MASS TRANSFER; MODEL TEST; MODEL VALIDATION; ORGANIC COMPOUND; PARAMETERIZATION;

AIR MONITORING; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT; ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION; FOOD PACKAGING; FOOD SAFETY; INDOOR AIR POLLUTION; MATHEMATICAL COMPUTING; MATHEMATICAL MODEL; PARTITION COEFFICIENT; PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY; PREDICTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROCESS DEVELOPMENT; SOLVATION; UNCERTAINTY;

AIR POLLUTANTS; AIR POLLUTION, INDOOR; CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY; DIFFUSION; FLOORS AND FLOORCOVERINGS; HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES; HUMANS; MODELS, CHEMICAL; ORGANIC CHEMICALS; PHTHALIC ACIDS; PLASTICIZERS; VINYL COMPOUNDS; VOLATILIZATION;

SWEDEN;

EID: 84865604493     PISSN: 00489697     EISSN: 18791026     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.08.020     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Abraham M.H., Martins F. Human skin permeation and partition: general linear free-energy relationship analyses. J Pharm Sci 2004, 93:1508-1523.
2. Abraham M.H., Roses M. Hydrogen-bonding. 38. Effect of solute structure and mobile-phase composition on reversed-phase high-performance liquid-chromatographic capacity factors. J Phys Org Chem 1994, 7:672-684.
3. Abraham M.H., Whiting G.S., Carr P.W., Ouyang H. Hydrogen bonding. Part 45. The solubility of gases and vapours in methanol at 298 K: an LFER analysis. J Chem Soc Perkin 2 1998, 1385-1390.
4. Abraham M.H., Platts J.A., Hersey A., Leo A.J., Taft R.W. Correlation and estimation of gas-chloroform and water-chloroform partition coefficients by a linear free energy relationship method. J Pharm Sci 1999, 88:670-679.
5. Abraham M.H., Zissimos A.M., Acree W.E. Partition of solutes into wet and dry ethers; an LFER analysis. New J Chem 2003, 27:1041-1044.
6. Begley T., Castle L., Feigenbaum A., Franz R., Hinrichs K., Lickly T., et al. Evaluation of migration models that might be used in support of regulations for food-contact plastics. Food Addit Contam 2005, 22:73-90.
7. Biedermann-Brem S., Biedermann M., Pfenninger S., Bauer M., Altkofer W., Rieger K., et al. Plasticizers in PVC toys and childcare products: what succeeds the phthalates? Market survey 2007. Chromatographia 2008, 68:227-234.
8. Bodalal A., Zhang J.S., Plett E.G. A method for measuring internal diffusion and equilibrium partition coefficients of volatile organic compounds for building materials. Build Environ 2000, 35:101-110.
9. Brydson J. Plastic materials 1999, Butterworht-Heinemann Ltd., 1-920 pp.
10. Calvert P.D., Billingham N.C. Loss of additives from polymers - theoretical-model. J Appl Polym Sci 1979, 24:357-370.
11. Clausen P.A., Hansen V., Gunnarsen L., Afshari A., Wolkoff P. Emission of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate from PVC flooring into air and uptake in dust: emission and sorption experiments in FLEC and CLIMPAQ. Environ Sci Technol 2004, 38:2531-2537.
12. Cox S.S., Zhao D.Y., Little J.C. Measuring partition and diffusion coefficients for volatile organic compounds in vinyl flooring. Atmos Environ 2001, 35:3823-3830.
13. Cox S.S., Little J.C., Hodgson A.T. Predicting the emission rate of volatile organic compounds from vinyl flooring. Environ Sci Technol 2002, 36:709-714.
14. Crank J. The mathematics of diffusion 1956, Clarendon Press, Oxford, Oxford, 1-414 pp.
15. Deng B., Tang S., Kim J.T., Kim C.N. Numerical modeling of volatile organic compound emissions from multi-layer dry building materials. Korean J Chem Eng 2010, 27:1049-1055.
16. Dole P., Feigenbaum A.E., De la Cruz C., Pastorelli S., Paseiro P., Hankemeier T., et al. Typical diffusion behaviour in packaging polymers - application to functional barriers. Food Addit Contam 2006, 23:202-211.
17. ECHA The European Chemicals Agency general report 2008. Ref Type: Report 2008.
18. EURACHEM Quantifying uncertainty in analytical measurement 2000, 2. EURACHEM/CITAC, Ref Type: Report.
19. European Union Directive 2005/84/EC of the European parliament and of the council of 14 December 2005. Off J Eur Union 2005, 27.12.2005. L344:40-43.
20. Fick A. Ueber diffusion. Ann Phyisk Chem 1855, 94:59-86.
21. Geankoplis C.J. Transport processes and separation process principles: (includes unit operations) 2003, Prentice Hall PTR, New Jersey, 3-1026 pp.
22. Guo Z.H. Review of indoor emission source models. Part 1. Overview. Environ Pollut 2002, 120:533-549.
23. Hung H.W., Lin T.F., Chiou C.T. Partition coefficients of organic contaminants with carbohydrates. Environ Sci Technol 2010, 44:5430-5436.
24. Kamprad I., Goss K.U. Systematic investigation of the sorption properties of polyurethane foams for organic vapors. Anal Chem 2007, 79:4222-4227.
25. Kamrin M.A. Phthalate risks, phthalate regulation, and public health: a review. J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev 2009, 12:157-174.
26. Karimipanah T., Awbi H.B. Theoretical and experimental investigation of impinging jet ventilation and comparison with wall displacement ventilation. Build Environ 2002, 37:1329-1342.
27. Luo R., Niu J.L. Determination of water vapor diffusion and partition coefficients in cement using one FLEC. Int J Heat Mass Transf 2004, 47:2061-2072.
28. Lyman W.J., Reehl W.F., Rosenblatt D.H. Handbook of chemical property estimation methods 1990, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 1-881 pp.
29. Marklund A., Andersson B., Haglund P. Organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers in air from various indoor environments. J Environ Monit 2005, 7:814-819.
30. Nagorka R., Conrad A., Scheller C., Sussenbach B., Moriske H.J. Diisononyl 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid (DINCH) and Di(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate (DEHT) in indoor dust samples: concentration and analytical problems. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2011, 214:28-37.
31. Nagorka R., Conrad A., Scheller C., Sussenbach B., Moriske H.J. Plasticizers and flame retardants in household dust - Part 2: Non-phthalates and flame retardants. Gefahrst Reinhalt L 2011, 71:286-292.
32. Nagorka R., Conrad A., Seiwert M., Schulz C., Moriske H.J., Kolossa-Gehring M. The German Environmental Survey for children (GerES Iv): plasticizers in house dust of German homes with children. Epidemiology 2011, 22:S37-S38.
33. Nerin C., Asensio E. Behaviour of organic pollutants in paper and board samples intended to be in contact with food. Anal Chim Acta 2004, 508:185-191.
34. Nishiyama Y., Langan P., Wada M., Forsyth V.T. Looking at hydrogen bonds in cellulose. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 2010, 66:1172-1177.
35. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Emission scenario dokument on plastic additives. Ref Type: Report 2009, 3.
36. Piringer O., Baner A.L. Plastic packaging 2008, Wiley-VCH Verlag GMbH & Co., KGaA, Weinheim.
37. Prevedouros K., Palm-Cousins A., Gustafsson O., Cousins I.T. Development of a black carbon-inclusive multi-media model: application for PAHs in Stockholm. Chemosphere 2008, 70:607-615.
38. Salthammer T., Bahadir M. Occurrence, dynamics and reactions of organic pollutants in the indoor environment. Clean Soil Air Water 2009, 37:417-435.
39. Salthammer T., Schriever E., Marutzky R. Emissions from wallcoverings - test procedures and preliminary-results. Toxicol Environ Chem 1993, 40:121-131.
40. Salthammer T., Fuhrmann F., Uhde E. Flame retardants in the indoor environment - part II: release of VOCs (triethylphosphate and halogenated degradation products) from polyurethane. Indoor Air 2003, 13:49-52.
41. Schossler P., Schripp T., Salthammer T., Bahadir M. Beyond phthalates: gas phase concentrations and modeled gas/particle distribution of modern plasticizers. Sci Total Environ 2011, 409:4031-4038.
42. Schwarzenbach R.P., Gschwend P.M., Imboden D.M. Environmental organic chemistry 2003, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, New Jersey, 1-1313 pp.
43. Sutherland W. The viscosity of gases and molecular force. Phil Mag 1893, 36(S 5):507-531.
44. Triantafyllou V.I., krida-Demertzi K., Demertzis P.G. A study on the migration of organic pollutants from recycled paperboard packaging materials to solid food matrices. Food Chem 2007, 101:1759-1768.
45. Triggs N.E., Valentini J.J. Raman studies of hydrogen-bonding in polyamides. Isr J Chem 1994, 34:89-93.
46. Trygg J. O2-PLS for qualitative and quantitative analysis in multivariate calibration. J Chemom 2002, 16:283-293.
47. Tucker W.G. Emission of organic-substances from indoor surface materials. Environ Int 1991, 17:357-363.
48. Welty J.R., Wicks C.E., Wilson R.E., Rorrer G.L. Fundamentals of momentum, heat, and mass transfer 2008, Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1-711 pp.
49. Wensing M., Uhde E., Salthammer T. Plastics additives in the indoor environment - flame retardants and plasticizers. Sci Total Environ 2005, 339:19-40.
50. Weschler C.J., Nazaroff W.W. Semivolatile organic compounds in indoor environments. Atmos Environ 2008, 42:9018-9040.
51. Weschler C.J., Nazaroff W.W. SVOC partitioning between the gas phase and settled dust indoors. Atmos Environ 2010, 44:3609-3620.
52. Weschler C.J., Salthammer T., Fromme H. Partitioning of phthalates among the gas phase, airborne particles and settled dust in indoor environments. Atmos Environ 2008, 42:1449-1460.
53. Wessen L. Sales data plastic flooring in Sweden 1990-2009 from the Swedish Flooring Trade Association. Ref Type: Personal Communication 2010.
54. Xu Y., Little J.C. Predicting emissions of SVOCs from polymeric materials and their interaction with airborne particles. Environ Sci Technol 2006, 40:456-461.
55. Xu Y., Zhang Y.P. An improved mass transfer based model for analyzing VOC emissions from building materials. Atmos Environ 2003, 37:2497-2505.
56. Xu Y., Hubal E.A.C., Clausen P.A., Little J.C. Predicting residential exposure to phthalate plasticizer emitted from vinyl flooring: a mechanistic analysis. Environ Sci Technol 2009, 43:2374-2380.
57. Yilgor E., Yilgor I., Yurtsever E. Hydrogen bonding and polyurethane morphology. I. Quantum mechanical calculations of hydrogen bond energies and vibrational spectroscopy of model compounds. Polymer 2002, 43:6551-6559.
58. Yin B., Hakkarainen M. Oligomeric isosorbide esters as alternative renewable resource plasticizers for PVC. J Appl Polym Sci 2011, 119:2400-2407.