Regression of atherosclerosis

Current Cardiology Reports

Volumn 14, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 443-449

  Arsenault, Benoit J ^a   Kritikou, Ekaterini A ^a   Tardif, Jean Claude ^a  

^a MONTREAL HEART INSTITUTE   (Canada)

Author keywords

Atherosclerosis; Computed tomography; Coronary artery disease; Imaging; Intravascular ultrasound; Magnetic resonance imaging; Regression

Indexed keywords

ANACETRAPIB; ANTILIPEMIC AGENT; APOLIPOPROTEIN A1; ATORVASTATIN; ATRELEUTON; CANAKINUMAB; CER 001; CHOLESTEROL ESTER TRANSFER PROTEIN INHIBITOR; CSL 111; DALCETRAPIB; DARAPLADIB; ETC 216; EZETIMIBE; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; MICRORNA; NICOTINIC ACID; PADGEM PROTEIN; PLACEBO; PRAVASTATIN; PROPROTEIN CONVERTASE SUBTILISIN KEXIN TYPE 9 INHIBITOR; ROSUVASTATIN; RVX 208; SERINE PROTEINASE INHIBITOR; SIMVASTATIN; TORCETRAPIB; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VARESPLADIB;

ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME; ARTICLE; CARDIAC IMAGING; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CORONARY ARTERY ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; DISEASE COURSE; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG MEGADOSE; HUMAN; NONHUMAN; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); RISK REDUCTION; SINGLE DRUG DOSE;

ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS, NON-STEROIDAL; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CHOLESTEROL ESTER TRANSFER PROTEINS; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; HUMANS; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL-COA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS; LIPOPROTEINS, HDL; MICRORNAS;

EID: 84865601053     PISSN: 15233782     EISSN: 15343170     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11886-012-0285-7     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Beaglehole R, Bonita R. Global public health: A scorecard. Lancet. 2008;372:1988-96.
2. Hunink MG, Goldman L, Tosteson AN, Mittleman MA, Goldman PA, Williams LW, et al. The recent decline in mortality from coronary heart disease, 1980-1990. The effect of secular trends in risk factors and treatment. JAMA. 1997;277:535-42. (Pubitemid 27083982)
3. Yeh RW, Sidney S, Chandra M, Sorel M, Selby JV, Go AS. Population trends in the incidence and outcomes of acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2010;362:2155-65.
4. Ford ES, Zhao G, Li C. Pre-diabetes and the risk for cardiovascular disease: A systematic review of the evidence. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;55:1310-7.
5. Libby P. Inflammation in atherosclerosis. Nature. 2002;420:868-74. (Pubitemid 36019640)
6. Hulsmans M, Holvoet P. The vicious circle between oxidative stress and inflammation in atherosclerosis. J Cell Mol Med. 2010;14:70-8.
7. Cliff WJ, Heathcote CR, Moss NS, Reichenbach DD. The coronary arteries in cases of cardiac and noncardiac sudden death. Am J Pathol. 1988;132:319-29.
8. Detrano R, Guerci AD, Carr JJ, Bild DE, Burke G, Folsom AR, et al. Coronary calcium as a predictor of coronary events in four racial or ethnic groups. N Engl J Med. 2008;358:1336-45. (Pubitemid 351468410)
9. Nicholls SJ, Hsu A, Wolski K, Hu B, Bayturan O, Lavoie A, et al. Intravascular ultrasound-derived measures of coronary atherosclerotic plaque burden and clinical outcome. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;55:2399-407.
10. • Tardif JC, Lesage F, Harel F, Romeo P, Pressacco J. Imaging biomarkers in atherosclerosis trials. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2011;4:319-33. This is a comprehensive review on imaging biomarkers of atherosclerosis, including molecular imaging by different modalities, their strengths and limitations and their application to drug trials and clinical patient evaluation.
11. Baigent C, Keech A, Kearney PM, Blackwell L, Buck G, Pollicino C, et al. Efficacy and safety of cholesterol-lowering treatment: Prospective meta-analysis of data from 90,056 participants in 14 randomised trials of statins. Lancet. 2005;366:1267-78.
12. Liu PY, Liu YW, Lin LJ, Chen JH, Liao JK. Evidence for statin pleiotropy in humans: Differential effects of statins and ezetimibe on rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase activity, endothelial function, and inflammation. Circulation. 2009;119:131-8.
13. Effect of simvastatin on coronary atheroma: The Multicentre Anti-Atheroma Study (MAAS). Lancet. 1994;344:633-8.
14. Jukema JW, Bruschke AV, van Boven AJ, Reiber JH, Bal ET, Zwinderman AH, et al. Effects of lipid lowering by pravastatin on progression and regression of coronary artery disease in symptomatic men with normal to moderately elevated serum cholesterol levels. The Regression Growth Evaluation Statin Study (REGRESS). Circulation. 1995;91:2528-40.
15. Pitt B, Mancini GB, Ellis SG, Rosman HS, Park JS, McGovern ME. Pravastatin limitation of atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries (PLAC I): Reduction in atherosclerosis progression and clinical events. PLAC I investigation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1995;26:1133-9.
16. Nissen SE, Tuzcu EM, Schoenhagen P, Brown BG, Ganz P, Vogel RA, et al. Effect of intensive compared with moderate lipidlowering therapy on progression of coronary atherosclerosis: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2004;291:1071-80. (Pubitemid 38541684)
17. Nissen SE, Nicholls SJ, Sipahi I, Libby P, Raichlen JS, Ballantyne CM, et al. Effect of very high-intensity statin therapy on regression of coronary atherosclerosis: The ASTEROID trial. JAMA. 2006;295:1556-65.
18. •• Nicholls SJ, Ballantyne CM, Barter PJ, Chapman MJ, Erbel RM, Libby P, et al. Effect of two intensive statin regimens on progression of coronary disease. N Engl J Med. 2011;365:2078-87. This study compared the highest doses of two intensive statin regimens to determine whether there were discernible differences in their effects on the progression of coronary atherosclerosis and shows that high-dose, intensive statin therapy can be administered safely and can promote regression of atherosclerotic plaque to a greater extent than has previously been reported (without significant differences between rosuvastatin and atorvastatin).
19. Chen SN, BallantyneCM, Gotto JrAM, Tan Y,Willerson JT, Marian AJ. A common PCSK9 haplotype, encompassing the E670G coding single nucleotide polymorphism, is a novel geneticmarker for plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and severity of coronary atherosclerosis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;45:1611-9. (Pubitemid 40704495)
20. Cohen JC, Boerwinkle E, Mosley Jr TH, Hobbs HH. Sequence variations in PCSK9, low LDL, and protection against coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med. 2006;354:1264-72.
21. Denis M, Marcinkiewicz J, Zaid A, Gauthier D, Poirier S, Lazure C, et al. Gene inactivation of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 reduces atherosclerosis in mice. Circulation. 2012;125:894-901.
22. Chan JC, Piper DE, Cao Q, Liu D, King C, Wang W, et al. A proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 neutralizing antibody reduces serum cholesterol in mice and nonhuman primates. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2009;106:9820-5.
23. • Stein EA, Mellis S, Yancopoulos GD, Stahl N, Logan D, Smith WB, et al. Effect of a monoclonal antibody to PCSK9 on LDL cholesterol. N Engl J Med. 2012;366:1108-18. A phase 1 clinical trial with a monoclonal antibody against PCSK9 showing significantly reduced LDL cholesterol levels in healthy volunteers and in subjects with familial or nonfamilial hypercholesterolemia.
24. Navab M, Shechter I, Anantharamaiah GM, Reddy ST, Van Lenten BJ, Fogelman AM. Structure and function of HDL mimetics. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2010;30:164-8.
25. Nissen SE, Tsunoda T, Tuzcu EM, Schoenhagen P, Cooper CJ, Yasin M, et al. Effect of recombinant ApoA-I Milano on coronary atherosclerosis in patients with acute coronary syndromes: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2003;290:2292-300. (Pubitemid 37430562)
26. Gualandri V, Franceschini G, Sirtori CR, Gianfranceschi G, Orsini GB, Cerrone A, et al. AIMilano apoprotein identification of the complete kindred and evidence of a dominant genetic transmission. Am J Hum Genet. 1985;37:1083-97. (Pubitemid 16145258)
27. Tardif JC, Gregoire J, L'Allier PL, Ibrahim R, Lesperance J, Heinonen TM, et al. Effects of reconstituted high-density lipoprotein infusions on coronary atherosclerosis: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2007;297:1675-82. (Pubitemid 46631626)
28. Waksman R, Torguson R, Kent KM, Pichard AD, Suddath WO, Satler LF, et al. A first-in-man, randomized, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the safety and feasibility of autologous deliidated high-density lipoprotein plasma infusions in patients with acute coronary syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;55:2727-35.
29. Nicholls SJ, Gordon A, Johannson J, Ballantyne CM, Barter PJ, Brewer HB, et al. ApoA-I Induction as a Potential Cardioprotective Strategy: Rationale for the SUSTAIN and ASSURE Studies. Cardiovascular drugs and therapy / sponsored by the International Society of Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy. 2012;26:181-7.
30. Barter PJ, Caulfield M, Eriksson M, Grundy SM, Kastelein JJ, Komajda M, et al. Effects of torcetrapib in patients at high risk for coronary events. N Engl J Med. 2007;357:2109-22. (Pubitemid 350146106)
31. Nissen SE, Tardif JC, Nicholls SJ, Revkin JH, Shear CL, Duggan WT, et al. Effect of torcetrapib on the progression of coronary atherosclerosis. N Engl J Med. 2007;356:1304-16. (Pubitemid 46513296)
32. Kastelein JJ, van Leuven SI, Burgess L, Evans GW, Kuivenhoven JA, Barter PJ, et al. Effect of torcetrapib on carotid atherosclerosis in familial hypercholesterolemia. N Engl J Med. 2007;356:1620-30. (Pubitemid 46631671)
33. Bots ML, Visseren FL, Evans GW, Riley WA, Revkin JH, Tegeler CH, et al. Torcetrapib and carotid intima-media thickness in mixed dyslipidaemia (RADIANCE 2 study): A randomised, double-blind trial. Lancet. 2007;370:153-60. (Pubitemid 47042895)
34. Cannon CP, Shah S, Dansky HM, Davidson M, Brinton EA, Gotto AM, et al. Safety of anacetrapib in patients with or at high risk for coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med. 2010;363:2406-15.
35. Nicholls SJ, Brewer HB, Kastelein JJ, Krueger KA, Wang MD, Shao M, et al. Effects of the CETP inhibitor evacetrapib administered as monotherapy or in combination with statins on HDL and LDL cholesterol: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2011;306:2099-109.
36. Niesor EJ, Magg C, Ogawa N, Okamoto H, von der Mark E, Matile H, et al. Modulating cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity maintains efficient pre-beta-HDL formation and increases reverse cholesterol transport. J Lipid Res. 2010;51:3443-54.
37. Ballantyne CM, Miller M, Niesor EJ, Burgess T, Kallend D, Stein EA. Effect of dalcetrapib plus pravastatin on lipoprotein metabolism and high-density lipoprotein composition and function in dyslipidemic patients: Results of a phase IIb dose-ranging study. Am Heart J. 2012;163:515-21, 21 e1-3.
38. •• Fayad ZA, Mani V,Woodward M, Kallend D, Abt M, Burgess T, et al. Safety and efficacy of dalcetrapib on atherosclerotic disease using novel non-invasive multimodality imaging (dal-PLAQUE): A randomised clinical trial. Lancet. 2011;378:1547-59. A clinical trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of dalcetrapib on atherosclerotic disease using novel noninvasive multimodality imaging showing no evidence of a pathological effect related to the arterial wall over 24 months and possible beneficial vascular effects of dalcetrapib, including the reduction in total vessel enlargement over 24 months.
39. Schwartz GG, Olsson AG, Ballantyne CM, Barter PJ, Holme IM, Kallend D, et al. Rationale and design of the dal-OUTCOMES trial: Efficacy and safety of dalcetrapib in patients with recent acute coronary syndrome. Am Heart J. 2009;158:896-901 e3.
40. Tunaru S, Kero J, Schaub A, Wufka C, Blaukat A, Pfeffer K, et al. PUMA-G and HM74 are receptors for nicotinic acid and mediate its anti-lipolytic effect. Nat Med. 2003;9:352-5. (Pubitemid 36362793)
41. Zhang LH, Kamanna VS, Ganji SH, Xiong XM, Kashyap ML. Niacin increases HDL biogenesis by enhancing DR4-dependent transcription of ABCA1 and lipidation of apolipoprotein A-I in HepG2 cells. J Lipid Res. 2012;53:941-50.
42. Taylor AJ, Villines TC, Stanek EJ, Devine PJ, Griffen L, Miller M, et al. Extended-release niacin or ezetimibe and carotid intimamedia thickness. N Engl J Med. 2009;361:2113-22.
43. AIM-HIGH Investigators, Boden WE, Probstfield JL, Anderson T, Chaitman BR, Desvignes-Nickens P, et al. Niacin in patients with low HDL cholesterol levels receiving intensive statin therapy. N Engl J Med. 2011;365:2255-67.
44. Spanbroek R, Grabner R, Lotzer K, Hildner M, Urbach A, Ruhling K, et al. Expanding expression of the 5-lipoxygenase pathway within the arterial wall during human atherogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2003;100:1238-43. (Pubitemid 36183986)
45. Lehnigk B, Rabe KF, Dent G, Herst RS, Carpentier PJ, Magnussen H. Effects of a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, ABT-761, on exerciseinduced bronchoconstriction and urinary LTE4 in asthmatic patients. Eur Respir J. 1998;11:617-23. (Pubitemid 28194853)
46. Tardif JC, L'Allier PL, Ibrahim R, Gregoire JC, Nozza A, Cossette M, et al. Treatment with 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor VIA-2291 (Atreleuton) in patients with recent acute coronary syndrome. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2010;3:298-307.
47. Tardif JC, L'Allier PL, Gregoire J, Ibrahim R, McFadden G, Kostuk W, et al. A randomized controlled, phase 2 trial of the viral serpin Serp-1 in patients with acute coronary syndromes undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2010;3:543-8.
48. Lp-LPA(2) Studies Collaboration, Thompson A, Gao P, Orfei L, Watson S, Di Angelantonio E, et al. Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A(2) and risk of coronary disease, stroke, and mortality: Collaborative analysis of 32 prospective studies. Lancet. 2010;375:1536-44.
49. Serruys PW, Garcia-Garcia HM, Buszman P, Erne P, Verheye S, Aschermann M, et al. Effects of the direct lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A(2) inhibitor darapladib on human coronary atherosclerotic plaque. Circulation. 2008;118:1172-82.
50. White H, Held C, Stewart R,Watson D, Harrington R, Budaj A, et al. Study design and rationale for the clinical outcomes of the STABILITY Trial (STabilization of Atherosclerotic plaque By Initiation of darapLadIb TherapY) comparing darapladib versus placebo in patients with coronary heart disease. Am Heart J. 2010;160:655-61.
51. O'Donoghue ML, Braunwald E, White HD, Serruys P, Steg PG, Hochman J, et al. Study design and rationale for the Stabilization of pLaques usIng Darapladib-Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (SOLID-TIMI 52) trial in patients after an acute coronary syndrome. Am Heart J. 2011;162:613-9 e1.
52. Rosenson RS, Elliott M, Stasiv Y, Hislop C, Investigators PI. Randomized trial of an inhibitor of secretory phospholipase A2 on atherogenic lipoprotein subclasses in statin-treated patients with coronary heart disease. Europ Heart J. 2011;32:999-1005.
53. Ley K, Kansas GS. Selectins in T-cell recruitment to non-lymphoid tissues and sites of inflammation. Nat Rev Immunol. 2004;4:325-35. (Pubitemid 38649275)
54. Bhaskar V, Yin J, Mirza AM, Phan D, Vanegas S, Issafras H, et al. Monoclonal antibodies targeting IL-1 beta reduce biomarkers of atherosclerosis in vitro and inhibit atherosclerotic plaque formation in Apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Atherosclerosis. 2011;216:313-20.
55. Ridker PM, Thuren T, Zalewski A, Libby P. Interleukin-1beta inhibition and the prevention of recurrent cardiovascular events: Rationale and design of the Canakinumab Anti-inflammatory Thrombosis Outcomes Study (CANTOS). Am Heart J. 2011;162:597-605.
56. Creemers EE, Tijsen AJ, Pinto YM. Circulating microRNAs: Novel biomarkers and extracellular communicators in cardiovascular disease? Circ Res. 2012;110:483-95.
57. Sacco J, Adeli K. MicroRNAs: Emerging roles in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. Curr Opinion Lipidol. 2012.
58. Vickers KC, Palmisano BT, Shoucri BM, Shamburek RD, Remaley AT. MicroRNAs are transported in plasma and delivered to recipient cells by high-density lipoproteins. Nat Cell Biol. 2011;13:423-33.
59. Esau C, Davis S, Murray SF, Yu XX, Pandey SK, Pear M, et al. miR-122 regulation of lipid metabolism revealed by in vivo antisense targeting. Cell Metabol. 2006;3:87-98.
60. Elmen J, Lindow M, Schutz S, Lawrence M, Petri A, Obad S, et al. LNA-mediated microRNA silencing in non-human primates. Nature. 2008;452:896-9. (Pubitemid 351550859)
61. Rayner KJ, Sheedy FJ, Esau CC, Hussain FN, Temel RE, Parathath S, et al. Antagonism of miR-33 in mice promotes reverse cholesterol transport and regression of atherosclerosis. J Clin Invest. 2011;121:2921-31.
62. Rayner KJ, Esau CC, Hussain FN, McDaniel AL, Marshall SM, van Gils JM, et al. Inhibition of miR-33a/b in non-human primates raises plasma HDL and lowers VLDL triglycerides. Nature. 2011;478:404-7.