Beyond Borders: A History of Mexican Migration to the United States

Beyond Borders: A History of Mexican Migration to the United States

Volumn , Issue , 2011, Pages

  Henderson, Timothy J ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 84865566955     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9781444394962     Document Type: Book

References (81)

1. Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant, Vol. 1 (New York: Charles L. Webster, 1885), 53.
2. Studies of such matters are plentiful and the debate is ongoing, but a good place to start is Carol M. Swain, ed., Debating Immigration (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007). For an interesting and provocative attempts to debunk some myths, see also Eduardo Porter, "Cost of Illegal Immigration May Be Less Than Meets the Eye," New York Times, April 16, 2006.
3. Jason L. Riley, Let Them In: The Case for Open Borders (New York: Penguin, 2008).
4. Aviva Chomsky, "They Take Our Jobs!" and 20 Other Myths About Immigration (Boston: Beacon Press, 2007).
5. See Gilbert G. González and Raul Fernández, "Empire and the Origins of Twentieth-Century Migration from Mexico to the United States," Pacific Historical Review, Vol. 71, No. 1 (February 2002), 19-57, which argues that migration was spurred by American economic imperialism, so to view the push and pull as two distinct factors is to create a "false dichotomy".
6. Texas Journal of Commerce, July 10, 1880.
7. Quoted in Fred Wilbur Powell, The Railroads of Mexico (Boston: Stratford, 1921), 110.
8. Lawrence Cardoso, Mexican Emigration to the United States, 1897-1931: Socio-Economic Patterns (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1980), 29. California Fruit Grower quoted in Mark Reisler, By the Sweat of their Brow: Mexican Immigrant Labor in the United States, 1900-1940 (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1976), 6.
9. George is quoted in Carey McWilliams, Factories in the Field: The Story of Migratory Farm Labor in California (Boston: Little, Brown, 1939), 12; Marx is quoted in the same source, 56.
10. Henry George, Our Land and Land Policy, National and State (San Francisco: With&Bauer, W. E. Loomis, 1871), 37.
11. McWilliams, Factories in the Field, 4.
12. The calculations can be found in Manuel Gamio, Mexican Immigration to the United States: A Study of Human Migration and Adjustment (New York: Dover, 1971), 35-46.
13. Lawrence A. Cardoso, "Labor Emigration to the Southwest, 1916 to 1920: Mexican Attitudes and Policy," in George C. Kiser and Martha Woody Kiser, eds., Mexican Workers in the United States: Historical and Political Perspectives (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1979), 19; Gamio, Mexican Immigration, 184.
14. Quoted in Mae M. Ngai, Impossible Subjects: Illegal Aliens and the Making of Modern America (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2004), 24.
15. Quoted in Casey Walsh, "Eugenic Acculturation: Manuel Gamio, Migration Studies, and the Anthropology of Development in Mexico, 1910-1940," Latin American Perspectives, Issue 138, Vol. 31, No. 5 (September 2004), 126.
16. Madison Grant, The Passing of the Great Race, or the Racial Basis of European History, 4th edition (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1922), xxxi.
17. Mestizo is also sometimes used as a sort of generic term for people of mixed race, not necessarily of Indian/European mixture.
18. Quoted in David G. Gutiérrez, Walls and Mirrors: Mexican Americans, Mexican Immigrants, and the Politics of Ethnicity (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995), 54, 55.
19. Quoted in Abraham Hoffman, Unwanted Mexican Americans in the Great Depression: Repatriation Pressures, 1929-1939 (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1974), 10.
20. Ngai, Impossible Subjects, 31.
21. Quoted in Francisco E. Balderrama and Raymond Rodríguez, Decade of Betrayal: Mexican Repatriation in the 1930s, revised edition (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2006), 21.
22. Quoted in George Kiser and David Silverman, "Mexican Repatriation during the Great Depression," in George C. Kiser and Martha Woody Kiser, eds., Mexican Workers in the United States: Historical and Political Perspectives (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1979), 50.
23. Manuel Gamio, Mexican Immigration to the United States: A Study of Human Migration and Adjustment (New York: Dover, 1971), 94.
24. Quoted in Ernest Galarza, Merchants of Labor: The Mexican Bracero Story (Charlotte: McNally and Loftin, 1964), 39.
25. Carey McWilliams, Factories in the Field: The Story of Migratory Farm Labor in California (Boston: Little, Brown, 1939), 225.
26. Ernesto Galarza, Merchants of Labor: The Mexican Bracero Story (Santa Barbara: McNally and Loftin, 1964), 16.
27. Otey M. Scruggs, "Texas and the Bracero Program, 1942-1947," in George C. Kiser and Martha Woody Kiser, eds., Mexican Workers in the United States: Historical and Political Perspectives (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1979), 88.
28. Quoted in Galarza, Merchants of Labor, 55.
29. Galarza, Merchants of Labor, 63.
30. Quoted in Stephen G. Rabe, Eisenhower and Latin America: The Foreign Policy of Anti-Communism (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1988), 16.
31. Quoted in Juan Ramon García, Operation Wetback: The Mass Deportation of Mexican Undocumented Workers in 1954 (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1980), 89.
32. Quoted in Garcia, Operation Wetback, 86.
33. Quoted in Otey M. Scruggs, "The United States, Mexico, and the Wetbacks, 1942-1947," Pacific Historical Review, Vol. 30, No. 2 (May 1961), 149.
34. García, Operation Wetback, 184.
35. Galarza, Merchants of Labor, 183-197.
36. Luis González, San Joséde Gracia: Mexican Village in Transition, trans. John Upton (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1972), 243.
37. George M. Foster, Tzintzuntzan: Mexican Peasants in a Changing World (Boston: Little, Brown, 1967), 275-277.
38. Harry E. Cross and James A. Sandos, Across the Border: Rural Development in Mexico and Recent Migration to the United States (Berkeley: Institute of Governmental Studies, University of California, 1981), 43.
39. Wayne A. Grove, "The Mexican Farm Labor Program, 1942-1964: Government-Administered Labor Market Insurance for Farmers," Agricultural History, Vol. 70, No. 2 (Spring 1996), 314.
40. On the negligible impact of maquiladoras on illegal migration, see Mitchell A. Seligson and Edward J. Williams, Maquiladoras and Migration (Austin: Mexico-United States Border Research Program, 1981).
41. Alberto Davila and Rogelio Saenz, "The Effect of Maquiladora Employment on the Monthly Flow of Mexican Undocumented Immigration to the US, 1978-1982," International Migration Review, Vol. 24, No. 1 (Spring 1990), 96-107.
42. Quoted in Julia Preston and Samuel Dillon, Opening Mexico: The Making of a Democracy (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2004), 84.
43. Quoted in Henry C. Schmidt, "The Mexican Foreign Debt and the Sexennial Transition from López Portillo to De la Madrid," Mexican Studies/Estudios Mexicanos, Vol. 1, No. 2 (Summer 1985), 232.
44. Nora Lustig, Mexico: The Remaking of an Economy, 2nd edition (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 1998), 95.
45. Press release from the office of Herbert Lehman, quoted in Mae N. Ngai, Impossible Subjects: Illegal Aliens and the Making of Modern America (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2004), 243.
46. AFL-CIO lobbyist Hyman Bookbinder, quoted in Daniel Tichenor, Dividing Lines: The Politics of Immigration Control in America (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2002), 208.
47. Quoted in Roberto Suro, Watching America's Door: The Immigration Backlash and the New Policy Debate (New York: Twentieth Century Fund, 1996), 14.
48. Quoted in Carlos Rico, "Migration and US-Mexican Relations, 1966-1986," in Christopher Mitchell, ed., Western Hemisphere Immigration and United States Foreign Policy (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1991), 248.
49. All quotes from Joseph Nevins, Operation Gatekeeper: The Rise of the "Illegal Alien" and the Making of the US Mexico Boundary (New York: Routledge, 2002), 63-64.
50. Antonia Hernández, quoted in Tichenor, Dividing Lines, 253.
51. Quoted in Tichenor, Dividing Lines, 250.
52. Quoted in Ngai, Impossible Subjects, 253.
53. Alan K. Simpson, "The Politics of Immigration Reform," International Migration Review, Vol. 18, No. 3 (Autumn 1984), 486-504.
54. Quoted in Rico, "Migration and US-Mexican Relations," 268.
55. "Memorandum for Lieutenant General Brent Scowcroft, US-Mexican Presidential Meeting, November 2, 1974." File scanned from the National Security Advisor's Memoranda of Conversation Collection at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library, http://www.fordlibrarymuseum.gov/library/document/memcons/1552833.pdf.
56. Echeverría, "Mexico's President Comments On Wetbacks In The United States." From the English-language version of President Luis Echeverría's second State of the Union Address delivered to Mexico's Congress on September 1, 1972, Mexican Newsletter No. 8 (September 1, 1972).
57. reprinted in George C. Kiser and Martha Woody Kiser, eds., Mexican Workers in the United States: Historical and Political Perspectives (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1979), 196.
58. The preceding discussion is greatly indebted to Rico, "Migration and US-Mexican Relations".
59. Paul R. Ehrlich, Loyh Bilderback, and Anne H. Ehrlich, The Golden Door: International Migration, Mexico, and the United States (New York: Ballantine, 1979), 333.
60. Quoted in Tichenor, Dividing Lines, 257.
61. Michael Fix of the RAND-Urban Institute, quoted in Aristide Zolberg, A Nation by Design: Immigration Policy in the Fashioning of America (New York: Russell Sage Foundation; Cambridge, MA,: Harvard University Press, 2006), 375.
62. Julia Preston and Samuel Dillon, Opening Mexico: The Making of a Democracy (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2004), 187.
63. The quotation is from Lawrence Summers, US Undersecretary of the Treasury for International Affairs. Quoted in Andres Oppenheimer, Bordering on Chaos: Mexico's Roller-Coaster Journey Toward Prosperity (New York: Little, Brown, 1996), 230.
64. "UN Releases Controversial Study on Mexican Judicial System," SourceMex Economic News and Analysis on Mexico, http://www.allbusiness.com/north-america/mexico/175329-1.html.
65. Quoted in Sacha Feinman, "Drug Cartels Imperil Immigrants in the Desert," Los Angeles Times, July 19, 2009.
66. For a particularly thoughtful review, see Peter H. Schuck, "Alien Rumination: What Immigrants Have Wrought in America," in Schuck, Citizens, Strangers, and In-Betweens: Essays on Immigration and Citizenship (Boulder: Westview Press, 1998), 326-358.
67. This is a major theme of Douglas S. Massey, Jorge Durand, and Nolan J. Malone, Beyond Smoke and Mirrors: Mexican Immigration in an Era of Economic Integration (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2002).
68. Quoted in Carlos Salas, "Mexico's Haves and Have-Nots: NAFTA Sharpens the Divide," NACLA Report on the Americas, Vol. 35, No. 4 (January/February 2002), 33.
69. Paul Cooney, "The Mexican Crisis and the Maquiladora Boom: A Paradox of Development or the Logic of Neoliberalism?" Latin American Perspectives, Vol. 28, No. 3 (May 2000), 74.
70. Quoted in Jorge Castañeda, Ex Mex: From Migrants to Immigrants (New York: New Press, 2007), 78.
71. William Matthews, "Not-So-Secure Border Initiative: Critics Cite $6.5M-a-Mile SBInet's Many Problems, Technical and Otherwise," Defense News, 12 October 2009, http://www.defensenews.com/story.php?i=4321237&c=FEA&s=SPE (accessed January 4, 2010).
72. Quoted in Roxanne Lynn Doty, The Law Into Their Own Hands: Immigration and the Politics of Exceptionalism (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2009), 33.
73. Malkin, Invasion: How America Still Welcomes Terrorists, Criminals, and Other Foreign Menaces to Our Shores (Washington, DC: Regnery, 2004), 233.
74. Doty, The Law Into Their Own Hands, 55; Immigration Policy Center, A Congressional Guide to Immigration: Answers to Tough Questions (Washington, DC: Immigration Policy Center, 2009), 21; http://www.immigrationpolicy.org/sites/default/files/docs/FullMemberPacketWEB.pdf.
75. Quoted in Doty, The Law Into Their Own Hands, 55, 79.
76. Peter Brodnitz, Benenson Strategy Group memo, "Recent Polling on Immigration Reform," June 2, 2009, http://amvoice.3cdn.net/ea94778f39d6c895c3_zvm6beppq.pdf (accessed January 4, 2010).
77. Jorge Castañeda, Ex Mex: From Migrants to Immigrants (New York: New Press, 2007), 5.
78. Stephen D. Morris, "Exploring Mexican Images of the United States," Mexican Studies/Estudios Mexicanos, Vol. 16, No. 1 (Winter 2000), 106.
79. Jeffrey S. Passel, senior demographer at the Pew Hispanic Center, quoted in Julia Preston, "Mexican Data Say Migration to US Has Plummeted," New York Times, May 15, 2009.
80. Castañeda, Ex Mex, 173.
81. Castañeda, Ex Mex, 176-184.