The changing epidemiology of hepatitis A in Arizona following intensive immunization programs (1988-2007)

Vaccine

Volumn 30, Issue 42, 2012, Pages 6103-6110

  Erhart, Laura M ^a   Ernst, Kacey C ^b  

^a ARIZONA DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH SERVICES   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA   (United States)

Author keywords

Arizona; Children; Disparities; Epidemiology; Hepatitis A; Immunization; Incidence

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AMERICAN INDIAN; ARTICLE; CAUCASIAN; CHILD; CHILD CARE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE SURVEILLANCE; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; FEMALE; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION; HEALTH CARE FACILITY; HEPATITIS A; HUMAN; IMMUNIZATION; INFANT; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RACE DIFFERENCE; RISK FACTOR; SCHOOL CHILD; UNITED STATES; VACCINATION;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; AGED; ARIZONA; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; ETHNIC GROUPS; FEMALE; GEOGRAPHY; HEPATITIS A; HEPATITIS A VACCINES; HUMANS; IMMUNIZATION PROGRAMS; INCIDENCE; INFANT; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; POPULATION SURVEILLANCE; RISK FACTORS; VACCINATION; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84865557892     PISSN: 0264410X     EISSN: 18732518     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.07.029     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Bell B.P., Shapiro C.N., Alter M.J., Moyer L.A., Judson F.N., Mottram K., et al. The diverse patterns of hepatitis A epidemiology in the United States-implications for vaccination strategies. J Infect Dis 1998, 178(December (6)):1579-1584.
2. Prevention of hepatitis A through active or passive immunization: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep 1999, 48(RR-12):1-37.
3. Desenclos J.C., MacLafferty L. Community wide outbreak of hepatitis A linked to children in day care centres and with increased transmission in young adult men in Florida 1988-9. J Epidemiol Community Health 1993, 47(August (4)):269-273.
4. Hadler S.C., McFarland L. Hepatitis in day care centers: epidemiology and prevention. Rev Infect Dis 1986, 8(July/August (4)):548-557.
5. Hadler S.C., Webster H.M., Erben J.J., Swanson J.E., Maynard J.E. Hepatitis A in day-care centers. A community-wide assessment. N Engl J Med 1980, 302(22):1222-1227. May 29.
6. Venczel L.V., Desai M.M., Vertz P.D., England B., Hutin Y.J., Shapiro C.N., et al. The role of child care in a community-wide outbreak of hepatitis A. Pediatrics 2001, 108(November (5)):E78.
7. Prevention of hepatitis A through active or passive immunization: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep 1996, 45(RR-15):1-30.
8. Hutin Y.J., Bell B.P., Marshall K.L., Schaben C.P., Dart M., Quinlisk M.P., et al. Identifying target groups for a potential vaccination program during a hepatitis A community-wide outbreak. Am J Public Health 1999, 89(June (6)):918-921.
9. Smith P.F., Grabau J.C., Werzberger A., Gunn R.A., Rolka H.R., Kondracki S.F., et al. The role of young children in a community-wide outbreak of hepatitis A. Epidemiol Infect 1997, 118(June (3)):243-252.
10. Hadler S.C., Erben J.J., Francis D.P., Webster H.M., Maynard J.E. Risk factors for hepatitis A in day-care centers. J Infect Dis 1982, 145(February (2)):255-261.
11. Reported cases of acute viral hepatitis, by type and year, United States, 1966-2003 2004, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
12. Summary of notifiable diseases: United States, 2009. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2011, 58(53):1-100. May 13.
13. Prevention of hepatitis A through active or passive immunization: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep 2006, 55(RR-7):1-23.
14. National and state vaccination coverage among children aged 19-35 months - United States, 2010. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2011, 60(34):1157-1163. September 2.
15. Duggirala H.J., Hassig S.E., Santana S., Rice J. Evaluation of a hepatitis A immunization program. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2005, 24(November (11)):974-978.
16. U.S. Census Bureau profile of general demographic characteristics: 2000 [Arizona], <>; 2000 [accessed 12.06.12]. http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml%3Fsrc=bkmk.
17. Arizona Department of Health Services. Population denominators, <>; 2009 [accessed 20.06.12]. http://www.azdhs.gov/plan/menu/info/pd.htm.
18. U.S. Census Bureau Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 2010.
19. Census of Population and Housing Public Law 94-171 Data (Official) Age by Race and Hispanic Origin 1990, U.S. Census Bureau.
20. National, state, and local area vaccination coverage among children aged 19-35 months - United States, 2008. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2009, 58(33):921-926. August 28.
21. National, state, and local area vaccination coverage among children aged 19-35 months - United States, 2006. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2007, 56(34):880-885. August 31.
22. National, state, and urban area vaccination coverage among children aged 19-35 months - United States, 2004. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2005, 54(29):717-721. July 29.
23. Chodick G., Heymann A.D., Ashkenazi S., Kokia E., Shalev V. Long-term trends in hepatitis A incidence following the inclusion of Hepatitis A vaccine in the routine nationwide immunization program. J Viral Hepat 2008, 15(Suppl. 2):62-65. October.
24. Bialek S.R., Thoroughman D.A., Hu D., Simard E.P., Chattin J., Cheek J., et al. Hepatitis A incidence and hepatitis a vaccination among American Indians and Alaska Natives, 1990-2001. Am J Public Health 2004, 94(June (6)):996-1001.
25. Cui F., Hadler S.C., Zheng H., Wang F., Zhenhua W., Yuansheng H., et al. Hepatitis A surveillance and vaccine use in China from 1990 through 2007. J Epidemiol 2009, 19(4):189-195.
26. Martinez A., Broner S., Torner N., Godoy P., Batalla J., Alvarez J., et al. Hepatitis A outbreaks in the vaccination era in Catalonia, Spain. Hum Vaccin 2011, January/February(7 Suppl.):205-210.
27. Singleton R.J., Hess S., Bulkow L.R., Castrodale L., Provo G., McMahon B.J. Impact of a statewide childhood vaccine program in controlling hepatitis A virus infections in Alaska. Vaccine 2010, 28(38):6298-6304. August 31.
28. Belmaker I., Dukhan L., Yosef Y., Leventhal A., Dagan R. Elimination of hepatitis a infection outbreaks in day care and school settings in southern Israel after introduction of the national universal toddler hepatitis a immunization program. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2007, 26(1):36-40. January.
29. Dominguez A., Oviedo M., Carmona G., Batalla J., Bruguera M., Salleras L., et al. Impact and effectiveness of a mass hepatitis A vaccination programme of preadolescents seven years after introduction. Vaccine 2008, 26(14):1737-1741. March 25.
30. Torner N., Broner S., Martinez A., Godoy P., Batalla J., Dominguez A. Hepatitis A outbreaks: the effect of a mass vaccination programme. J Viral Hepat 2011, 18(April (4)):e1-e4.
31. Ernst K.C., Pogreba-Brown K., Rasmussen L., Erhart L.M. The effect of policy changes on hepatitis A vaccine uptake in Arizona children, 1995-2008. Public Health Rep 2011, 126(Suppl. 2):87-96. July/August.
32. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Hepatitis A, acute case definition, <>; 2000. http://www.cdc.gov/osels/ph_surveillance/nndss/casedef/hepatitis2000.htm.
33. Arizona Department of Health Services. Cancer rates according to community health analysis areas (CHAAs), <>. http://www.azdhs.gov/phs/azchaa/CHAA_FAQ.pdf.
34. Klevens R.M., Miller J.T., Iqbal K., Thomas A., Rizzo E.M., Hanson H., et al. The evolving epidemiology of hepatitis a in the United States: incidence and molecular epidemiology from population-based surveillance, 2005-2007. Arch Intern Med 2010, 170(20):1811-1818. November 8.
35. Adult vaccination coverage - United States, 2010. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2012, 61(4):66-72. February 3.
36. Velasco-Mondragon E., Lindong I., Kamangar F. Determinants of anti-hepatitis A antibody seroprevalence in 2- to 19-year-olds in the USA using NHANES 2007-2008. Epidemiol Infect 2011, May (9):1-9.
37. Vogt T.M., Wise M.E., Bell B.P., Finelli L. Declining hepatitis A mortality in the United States during the era of hepatitis A vaccination. J Infect Dis 2008, 197(9):1282-1288. May 1.
38. Weinberg M., Hopkins J., Farrington L., Gresham L., Ginsberg M., Bell B.P. Hepatitis A in Hispanic children who live along the United States-Mexico border: the role of international travel and food-borne exposures. Pediatrics 2004, 114(July (1)):e68-e73.
39. Nainan O.V., Armstrong G.L., Han X.H., Williams I., Bell B.P., Margolis H.S. Hepatitis a molecular epidemiology in the United States, 1996-1997: sources of infection and implications of vaccination policy. J Infect Dis 2005, 191(6):957-963. March 15.
40. Jong E.C. United States epidemiology of hepatitis A: influenced by immigrants visiting friends and relatives in Mexico?. Am J Med 2005, 118(October (Suppl. 10A)):50S-57S.
41. Migration Policy Institute. Fact sheet on the foreign born, <>; 2000 [accessed 20.06.12]. http://www.migrationinformation.org/datahub/state_census.cfm%3FID=AZ.
42. Hepatitis a vaccination coverage among children aged 24-35 months - United States, 2006 and 2007. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2009, 58(25):689-694. July 3.
43. Byrd K.K., Santibanez T.A., Chaves S.S. Predictors of hepatitis A vaccination among young children in the United States. Vaccine 2011, 29(17):3254-3259. April 12.
44. Daniels D., Grytdal S., Wasley A. Surveillance for acute viral hepatitis - United States, 2007. MMWR Surveill Summ 2009, 58(3):1-27. May 22.
45. Taylor M., MacDougall L., Li M., Galanis E. The impact of international travel on the epidemiology of enteric infections, British Columbia, 2008. Can J Public Health 2010, 101(4):332-336. July/August.
46. Government of Mexico. Centro Nacional para la Salud de la Infancia y la Adolescencia. Esquema de Vacunación Actual [Childhood vaccination schedule], <>; 2011 [accessed 20.06.12]. http://www.censia.salud.gob.mx/contenidos/vacunas/esquemavacunas.html.
47. Federal Government of Mexico. Información epidemiológica [Epidemiological information], <>; 2010 [accessed 20.04.12]. http://www.dgepi.salud.gob.mx/2010/plantilla/analisismorbi_04_suive.html.
48. Doyle T.J., Bryan R.T. Infectious disease morbidity in the US region bordering Mexico, 1990-1998. J Infect Dis 2000, 182(November (5)):1503-1510.
49. Craig A.S., Watson B., Zink T.K., Davis J.P., Yu C., Schaffner W. Hepatitis A outbreak activity in the United States: responding to a vaccine-preventable disease. Am J Med Sci 2007, 334(September (3)):180-183.
50. Amon J.J., Devasia R., Xia G., Nainan O.V., Hall S., Lawson B., et al. Molecular epidemiology of foodborne hepatitis a outbreaks in the United States, 2003. J Infect Dis 2005, 192(8):1323-1330. October 15.
51. Hauri A.M., Fischer E., Fitzenberger J., Uphoff H., Koenig C. Active immunisation during an outbreak of hepatitis A in a German day-care centre. Vaccine 2006, 24(29-30):5684-5689. July 17.
52. Shen Y.G., Gu X.J., Zhou J.H. Protective effect of inactivated hepatitis A vaccine against the outbreak of hepatitis A in an open rural community. World J Gastroenterol 2008, 14(17):2771-2775. May 7.
53. Bonanni P., Franzin A., Staderini C., Pitta M., Garofalo G., Cecconi R., et al. Vaccination against hepatitis A during outbreaks starting in schools: what can we learn from experiences in central Italy?. Vaccine 2005, 23(17-18):2176-2180. March 18.
54. Torner N., Broner S., Martinez A., Tortajada C., Garcia de Olalla P., Barrabeig I., et al. Factors associated to duration of hepatitis a outbreaks: implications for control. Plos One 2012, 7(2):e31339.