Nature and determinants of out-of-pocket health expenditure among older people in a rural Indian community

International Psychogeriatrics

Volumn 24, Issue 10, 2012, Pages 1664-1673

  Brinda, E M ^a,b   Rajkumar, A P ^a,c   Enemark, U ^b   Prince, M ^d   Jacob, K S ^a  

^a CHRISTIAN MEDICAL COLLEGE   (India)

^b AARHUS UNIVERSITY   (Denmark)

^c AARHUS UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Denmark)

^d KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

chronic illness; health expenditure; rural community; socioeconomic factors

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; AGING; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; ARTICLE; CLINICAL ASSESSMENT; CLINICAL ASSESSMENT TOOL; COGNITION; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEMENTIA; DEPRESSION; DIABETES MELLITUS; DISABILITY; DISASTER; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; FEMALE; GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASE; HEALTH CARE ACCESS; HEALTH CARE COST; HEALTH CARE DISPARITY; HEALTH CARE UTILIZATION; HEALTH STATUS; HUMAN; INCOME; INDIA; INDIAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALARIA; MALE; NUTRITION; OUT OF POCKET HEALTH EXPENDITURE; PREVALENCE; RESPIRATORY TRACT DISEASE; RISK FACTOR; RURAL POPULATION; SAFETY; SANITATION; SEX DIFFERENCE; SOCIOECONOMICS; TUBERCULOSIS;

AGED; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; FEMALE; FINANCING, PERSONAL; HEALTH EXPENDITURES; HEALTH SERVICES; HEALTH STATUS; HUMANS; INDIA; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; RURAL POPULATION; SEX FACTORS; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS;

EID: 84865525948     PISSN: 10416102     EISSN: 1741203X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S104161021200083X     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Ahmed, S. M., Adams, A. M., Chowdhury, M. and Bhuiya, A. (2000). Gender, socioeconomic development and health-seeking behaviour in Bangladesh. Social Science & Medicine, 51, 361-371. (Pubitemid 30236196)
2. Albanese, E. et al. (2011). Equity in the delivery of community healthcare to older people: findings from 10/66 Dementia Research Group cross-sectional surveys in Latin America, China, India and Nigeria. BMC Health Services Research, 11, 153. doi:10.1186/1472-6963-11-153
3. Balarajan, Y., Selvaraj, S. and Subramanian, S. V. (2011). Health care and equity in India. The Lancet, 377, 505-515.
4. Bonu, S., Bhushan, I. and Peters, D. H. (2007). Incidence, Intensity and Correlates of Catastrophic Out-of-Pocket Health Payments in India. ERD Working Paper Series. Manila, Philippines: Economics and Research Department, Asian Development Bank.
5. Bonu, S., Bhushan, I., Rani, M. and Anderson, I. (2009). Incidence and correlates of "catastrophic" maternal health care expenditure in India. Health Policy and Planning, 24, 445-456.
6. Casey, B., Oxley, H., Whitehouse, E. R., Antolín, P., Duval, R. and Leibfritz, W. (2003). Policies for an ageing society: recent measures and areas for further reform [Online].Available from: http://www.gigusa.org/ resources/eg/38.pdf; last accessed 30 May 2011.
7. Charles, H., Manoranjitham, S. D. and Jacob, K. S. (2007). Stigma and explanatory models among people with schizophrenia and their relatives in Vellore, south India. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 53, 325-332. (Pubitemid 47034367)
8. Chisholm, D., Knapp, M. R., Knudsen, H. C., Amaddeo, F., Gaite, L. and van Wijngaarden, B. (2000a). Client Socio-Demographic and Service Receipt Inventory - European Version: development of an instrument for international research. EPSILON Study 5. European Psychiatric Services: Inputs linked to outcome domains and needs. British Journal of Psychiatry (Suppl.), 177, s21-s27. doi:10.1192/bjp.177.39.s21
9. Chisholm, D. et al. (2000b). Integration of mental health care into primary care. Demonstration cost-outcome study in India and Pakistan. British Journal of Psychiatry, 176, 581-588. (Pubitemid 30353661)
10. Copeland, J. R., Dewey, M. E. and Griffiths-Jones, H. M. (1986). A computerized psychiatric diagnostic system and case nomenclature for elderly subjects: GMS and AGECAT. Psychological Medicine, 16, 89-99. (Pubitemid 16130410)
11. Cummings, J. L., Mega, M., Gray, K., Rosenberg-Thompson, S., Carusi, D. A. and Gornbein, J. (1994). The Neuropsychiatric Inventory: comprehensive assessment of psychopathology in dementia. Neurology, 44, 2308-2314. (Pubitemid 24382728)
12. Dewey, M. E. and Copeland, J. R. (2001). Diagnosis of dementia from the history and aetiology schedule. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 16, 912-917. (Pubitemid 32926777)
13. Duba, A. S., Rajkumar, A. P., Prince, M. and Jacob, K. S. (2011). Determinants of disability among elderly in a rural south Indian community: need to study local issues and contexts. International Psychogeriatrics. Sep 21, Epublished ahead of print; PMID: 21933464. doi:10.1017/S1041610211001669
14. Freeman M. and Motsei, M (1992). Planning health care in South Africa - is there a role for traditional healers? Social Science & Medicine 34 1183-1190. (Pubitemid 23363741)
15. Ganguli, M. et al. (1996). Cognitive test performance in a community-based nondemented elderly sample in rural India: the Indo-U.S. Cross-National Dementia Epidemiology Study. International Psychogeriatrics, 8, 507-524.
16. Hall, K. S., Gao, S., Emsley, C. L., Ogunniyi, A. O., Morgan, O. and Hendrie, H. C. (2000). Community screening interview for dementia (CSI "D"); performance in five disparate study sites. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 15, 521-531. (Pubitemid 30409994)
17. Jacob, K. S. (2007). Public health in India and the developing world: beyond medicine and primary healthcare. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 61, 562-563. (Pubitemid 46998882)
18. Jacob, K. S., Kumar, P. S., Gayathri, K., Abraham, S. and Prince, M. J. (2007). The diagnosis of dementia in the community. International Psychogeriatrics, 19, 669-678. (Pubitemid 47037098)
19. Joseph, A., Joseph, K. S. and Kamaraj, K. (1991). Use ofcomputers in primary health care. International Journal of Health Sciences, 2, 93-101.
20. Kawabata, K., Xu, K. and Carrin, G. (2002). Preventing impoverishment through protection against catastrophic health expenditure. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 80, 612.
21. Limwattananon, S., Tangcharoensathien, V. and Prakongsai, P. (2007). Catastrophic and poverty impacts of health payments: results from national household surveys in Thailand. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 85, 600-606. (Pubitemid 47328203)
22. Maddala, G. S. (1983). Limited Dependent and Qualitative Variables in Econometrics. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
23. McIntyre, D., Thiede, M., Dahlgren, G. and Whitehead, M. (2006). What are the economic consequences for households of illness and of paying for health care in lowand middle-income country contexts? Social Science & Medicine, 62, 858-865. (Pubitemid 43087361)
24. Miller, P. C., Rashida, G., Tasneem, Z. and Haque, M. U. (2012). The effect of traditional birth attendant training on maternal and neonatal care. InternationalJournal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 117, 148-152. Epublished ahead of print; PMID: 22424659. doi:10.1016/j.ijgo.2011.12.020
25. Prince, M., Acosta, D., Chiu, H., Scazufca, M. and Varghese, M. (2003). Dementia diagnosis in developing countries: a cross-cultural validation study. The Lancet, 361, 909-917. (Pubitemid 36332106)
26. Prince, M. et al. (2007). The protocols for the 10/66 Dementia Research Group population-based research programme. BMC Public Health, 7, 165.
27. Rajkumar, A. P., Thangadurai, P., Senthilkumar, P., Gayathri, K., Prince,M. and Jacob, K. S. (2009). Nature, prevalence and factors associated with depression among the elderly in a rural south Indian community. International Psychogeriatrics, 21, 372-378.
28. Ruger, J. P. and Kim, H. J. (2007). Out-of-pocket healthcare spending by the poor and chronically ill in the Republic of Korea. American Journal of Public Health, 97, 804-811. (Pubitemid 47280124)
29. Somkotra, T. and Lagrada, L. P. (2009). Which households are at risk of catastrophic health spending: experience in Thailand after universal coverage. Health Affairs, 28, w467-w478.
30. Stekelenburg, J., Jager, B. E., Kolk, P. R., Westen, E.H., van der Kwaak, A. andWolffers, I. N. (2005). Health care seeking behaviour and utilisation of traditional healers in Kalabo, Zambia. Health Policy, 71, 67-81. (Pubitemid 39572614)
31. Su, T. T., Kouyate, B. and Flessa, S. (2006). Catastrophic household expenditure for health care in a low-income society: a study from Nouna District, Burkina Faso. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 84, 21-27. (Pubitemid 43150857)
32. UN (1948). International Bill of Human Rights: A Universal Declaration of Human Rights: 10/12/1948 [Online]. United Nations. Available from: http://daccess-ddsny.un.org/doc/RESOLUTION/GEN/NR0/043/88/IMG/ NR004388.pdf?OpenElement; last accessed 30 June 2011.
33. Uwakwe, R. et al. (2009). The epidemiology of dependence in older people in Nigeria: prevalence, determinants, informal care, and health service utilization. A 10/66 Dementia Research Group cross-sectional survey. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 57, 1620-1627.
34. van Doorslaer, E. et al. (2007). Catastrophic payments for health care in Asia. Health Economics, 16, 1159-1184. (Pubitemid 350065185)
35. Wagstaff, A. and van Doorslaer, E. (2003). Catastrophe and impoverishment in paying for health care: with applications to Vietnam 1993-1998. Health Economics, 12, 921-934. (Pubitemid 37407337)
36. WHO (2001a). Traditional Medicine in Asia [Online]. World Health Organization. Available from: http://www.searo.who.int/LinkFiles/Traditional- Medicines-B0104.pdf; last accessed 11 May 2012.
37. WHO (2001b). WHODAS II Disability Assessment Schedule: 12-Item Interviewer Administered Version. Geneva: World Health Organization.
38. WHO (2008). Traditional Medicine [Online]. World Health Organization. Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs134/en/; last accessed 2011/5/5.
39. WHO (2010a). World Health Statistics [Online]. WHO.Available from: http://www.who.int/whosis/whostat/EN-WHS10-Full.pdf; last accessed 30 May 2011.
40. WHO (2010b). National Health Accounts (NHA) CountryHealth Expenditure Database [Online]. WHO National Health Accounts http://www.who.int/nha/country/ ind.pdf; last accessed 20 March 2012.
41. WHO (2011a). Glossary of Technical Terms [Online]. WHO.Available from: http://www.wpro.who.int/NR/rdonlyres/DAE2BD50-2706-43E3-9E50-CC6DFD1F7C73/0/ glossary.pdf; last accessed 30 May 2011.
42. WHO (2011b). Social Determinants of Health [Online]. WHO.Available from: http://www.wpro.who.int/NR/rdonlyres/07833FE9-0D55-40E2-A776-E8444430F00F/0/ 07-Chapter2Socialdeterminantsofhealth.pdf; last accessed 30May 2011.
43. WHO (2011c). Socioeconomic Dimensions of Non CommunicableDiseases in South-East Asia Region [Online]. WHO.Available from: http://www.searo.who.int/ LinkFiles/Non-Communicable-Diseases-wp2.pdf; last accessed 11May 2011.
44. World Bank (2009). World Development Indicators Database[Online]. Available from:http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.65UP.TO.ZS;last accessed 30 May 2011.
45. Wyszewianski, L. (1986). Families with catastrophic health care expenditures. Health Services Research, 21, 617-634. (Pubitemid 17005499)
46. Xu, K., Evans, D. B., Carrin, G., Aguilar-Rivera, A. M., Musgrove, P. and Evans, T. (2007). Protecting households from catastrophic health spending. Health Affairs, 26, 972-983.
47. Xu, K., Evans, D. B., Kawabata, K., Zeramdini, R., Klavus, J. and Murray, C. J. (2003). Household catastrophic health expenditure: a multicountry analysis. The Lancet, 362, 111-117. (Pubitemid 36831020)
48. You, X. and Kobayashi, Y. (2011). Determinants of out-of-pocket health expenditure in China: analysis using China Health and Nutrition Survey data. Applied Health Economics and Health Policy, 9, 39-49.